Vote buying

=== Asia ===
==== Indonesia ====
In [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], vote buying is often known as ''{{ill|politik uang|id}}'' (lit. 'money politics'). According to a survey of 440 respondents by Institut Riset Indonesia in January–March 2020 in areas that will have [[2020 Indonesian local elections|local elections in 2020]], 60 percent of respondents said that they will allow their vote to be bought. Reasons for accepting vote buying include considering it as a gift that can not be rejected (35–46 percent), compensation for not working on the election day (25–30 percent), and supporting daily needs (9–16 percent).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Saubani |first1=Andri |title=Potensi Maraknya Praktik Politik Uang Pilkada Kala Pandemi |url=https://republika.co.id/berita/qculq7409/potensi-maraknya-praktik-politik-uang-pilkada-kala-pandemi |access-date=November 12, 2020 |work=Republika Online |date=July 3, 2020 |language=id |archive-date=November 16, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116143847/https://republika.co.id/berita/qculq7409/potensi-maraknya-praktik-politik-uang-pilkada-kala-pandemi |url-status=live }}</ref> One of the common tactics of vote buying is ''{{ill|serangan fajar|id|Serangan fajar (politik)}}'' (lit. 'dawn attack'), which is giving money a day or two before the election day. The amount ranges from Rp30,000 to Rp50,000.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wasono |first1=Hari Tri |title=Saat Serangan Fajar Justru Dinanti Warga |url=https://pemilu.tempo.co/read/568918/saat-serangan-fajar-justru-dinanti-warga/full&view=ok |access-date=November 12, 2020 |work=Tempo |date=April 8, 2014 |language=id |archive-date=January 15, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115180649/https://pemilu.tempo.co/read/568918/saat-serangan-fajar-justru-dinanti-warga |url-status=live }}</ref> According to Burhanuddin Muhtadi in his book ''Kuasa Uang; Politik Uang dalam Pemilu Pasca-Orde Baru'', vote buying in Indonesia is done by individual candidates instead of political parties because of intense intraparty competition, forcing candidates to rely on their own networks instead of relying on the party machine.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Marzuqi |first1=Abdillah |title=Di Balik Serangan Fajar |url=https://mediaindonesia.com/read/detail/321885-di-balik-serangan-fajar |access-date=November 12, 2020 |work=Media Indonesia |date=June 20, 2020 |language=id |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112191014/https://mediaindonesia.com/read/detail/321885-di-balik-serangan-fajar |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Philippines ====
Despite the [[Commission on Elections (Philippines)|Commission on Elections]]'s (COMELEC) tight public campaign against vote buying in the Philippines, it is rampant across the country especially near the election period. It is not clear yet whether any incumbent or running politicians have ever been convicted and subsequently disqualified, since cases usually get dismissed due to lack of evidence.<ref name="votebuying">{{cite news |title=Vote-buying mars midterm elections |url=https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1117343/vote-buying-mars-midterm-elections |access-date=May 13, 2019 |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |archive-date=May 13, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513124755/https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1117343/vote-buying-mars-midterm-elections |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the [[Philippine National Police]], vote buying commenced in the dark, where people gathered to receive a sample ballot with the money, usually at least {{₱|500|link=yes}} attached to it.<ref name="votebuying" /> In 2019, the authorities apprehended involved individuals.<ref name="votebuying2">{{cite news |title='Massive' vote-buying continues on Election Day |url=http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/5/13/massive-vote-buying-pnp.html |publisher=[[CNN Philippines]] |access-date=2019-05-13 |archive-date=2019-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190513145632/http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/5/13/massive-vote-buying-pnp.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Vote buying still remains to be a large element of elections in the Philippines.<ref>{{cite news| url = https://thediplomat.com/2022/05/philippine-election-marred-by-violence-vote-buying-monitoring-mission/ | publisher=[[The Diplomat]] | access-date = 2023-10-24 | title = Philippine Election Marred by Violence, Vote-Buying: Monitoring Mission}}</ref>