San Antonio

==Demographics==
{{See also|History of African Americans in San Antonio}}
{{US Census population
|1850= 3488
|1860= 8235
|1870= 12256
|1880= 20550
|1890= 37673
|1900= 53321
|1910= 96614
|1920= 161379
|1930= 231542
|1940= 253854
|1950= 408442
|1960= 587718
|1970= 654153
|1980= 785940
|1990= 935933
|2000= 1144646
|2010= 1327407
|2020= 1434625
|estyear= 2022
|estimate= 1472909
|estref=
|align-fn=center
|footnote=[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html U.S. Decennial Census]<br />2010–2020, 2021<ref name="QuickFacts"/>
}}

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Racial composition !! 2020<ref name="census">{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4865000&y=2020&d=DEC%20Redistricting%20Data%20%28PL%2094-171%29&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=April 17, 2022}}</ref> !! 2010<ref name="census2" />!! 1990<ref name="census1" /> !! 1970<ref name="census1" /> !! 1950<ref name="census1" />
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] || 63.9% || 63.2% || 55.6% || 51.3% || n/a
|-
|[[White American|White (Non-Hispanic)]] || 23.4% || 26.6% || 36.2% || 41.0% || n/a
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]] || 6.5% || 6.3% || 7.0% || 7.6% || 7.0%
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] || 3.2% || 2.3% || 1.1% || 0.3% || 0.2%
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Indigenous]] || 1.2% || 0.9% || 0.4% || 0.1% || <0.1%
|-
| [[Multiracial American|Mixed]] || 2.3% || 1.2%
|-
|}[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- San Antonio (5559903509).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in San Antonio, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]
The [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]]'s 2020 census determined San Antonio had a population of 1,434,625 residents in 2020. In 2019, the [[American Community Survey]] estimated San Antonio had a racial makeup of 88.4% White, 6.6% Black and African American, 0.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 2.8% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 0.2% some other race and 1.7% two or more races. Ethnically, 64.5% were Hispanic or Latin American of any race.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|title=2019 ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates Program|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=San%20Antonio%20city,%20Texas%20demographics&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP05&hidePreview=false|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> In 2020, its racial and ethnic makeup was 23.4% non-Hispanic white, 63.9% Hispanic or Latin American of any race, 6.5% Black and African American, 3.2% Asian, and 2.3% multiracial or some other race.

According to the [[2010 United States census|2010 U.S. census]], 1,327,407 people resided in San Antonio city proper, an increase of 16.0% since 2000. The racial composition of the city based on the 2010 U.S. census is as follows: 72.6% [[White American|White]] ([[Non-Hispanic Whites|non-Hispanic whites]]: 26.6%), 6.9% Black or [[African Americans|African American]], 0.9% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]], 2.4% [[Asian Americans|Asian]], 0.1% [[Native Hawaiians|Native Hawaiian]] or [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]], 3.4% [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]], and 13.7% [[Race (United States Census)|other races]]. In addition, 63.2% of the city's population was of [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] origin, of any race.<ref name="census2" /> According to the [[2000 United States census|2000 U.S. census]], the city proper had a population of 1,144,646,<ref>[https://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t5/tab02.txt Census 2000: Incorporated Places of 100,000 or More, Ranked by Population], U.S. Census Bureau.</ref> ranking it the ninth-most populated city in the country. However, due to San Antonio's low density and relatively small suburban population, the metropolitan area ranked just 30th in the United States, with a population of 1,592,383 in 2000.<ref name="auto" /> San Antonio has a large Hispanic population with a significant African American population.<ref name="auto" />

The 2011 U.S. census estimate for the eight-county {{nowrap|[[Greater San Antonio|San Antonio–New Braunfels]]}} metropolitan area placed its population at 2,194,927.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/cb07-51tbl1.pdf], U.S. Census Bureau.{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The 2017 estimate for Greater San Antonio was 2,473,974, making it the third-most populous metro area in Texas (after the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]] and [[Greater Houston]]) and the 24th-most populous metro area in the U.S.<ref name="CensBur" />

About 405,474 households, and 280,993 families resided in San Antonio. The [[population density]] as of 2010 was {{convert|2,808.5|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people}}. There were 433,122 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,062.7|/mi2|/km2}}. The age of the city's population was distributed as 28.5% under the age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. In San Antonio, 48% of the population were males, and 52% of the population were females. For every 100 females, there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.7 males.

At the 2019 American Community Survey, there were 512,273 households and 319,673 families.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 ACS Households and Families Estimates|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=San%20Antonio%20city,%20Texas%20households&tid=ACSST1Y2019.S1101&hidePreview=false|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> The average household size was 2.98 and the average family size was 3.83. Of the local population,<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 ACS Selected Social Characteristic Estimates|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=San%20Antonio%20city,%20Texas%20households&tid=ACSDP1Y2019.DP02&hidePreview=false|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> 201,960 were married-couple households and 172,741 were female households with no spouse or partner present. An estimated 85,462 households were single-person. Roughly 218,249 residents in San Antonio were foreign-born residents. For every 100 females, San Antonio had 97.1 males.<ref name=":5" />

At the 2010 U.S. census, San Antonio's median income for a household was $36,214, and the median income for a family was $53,100. Males have a median income of $30,061 versus $24,444 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city is $17,487. About 17.3% of the population and 14.0% of families are below the [[poverty line]]. Of the total population, 24.3% of those under the age of 18 and 13.5% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US4865000&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on |title=San Antonio city, Texas – ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006–2008 |publisher=Factfinder.census.gov |access-date=June 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200211183424/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=16000US4865000&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on |archive-date=February 11, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2019, households had a median income of $53,571 and a mean income of $72,587.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 ACS Financial Income Annual Estimates|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=San%20Antonio%20city,%20Texas%20median%20income&tid=ACSST1Y2019.S1901&hidePreview=false|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> An estimated 16.8% of the population lived at or below the poverty line.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2019 ACS Poverty Status Estimates|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=San%20Antonio%20city,%20Texas%20poverty&tid=ACSST1Y2019.S1701&hidePreview=false|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> The city of San Antonio and its metropolis was rated the poorest in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=September 27, 2019|title=San Antonio Poverty Rate Tops List Of Large Metro Areas|url=https://www.tpr.org/education/2019-09-26/san-antonio-poverty-rate-tops-list-of-large-metro-areas|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=TPR|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Wang|first=Jackie|date=September 17, 2020|title=Census Bureau: San Antonio still poorest major U.S. metro but poverty rate declines|url=https://sanantonioreport.org/census-bureau-san-antonio-still-poorest-major-u-s-metro-but-poverty-rate-declines/|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=San Antonio Report|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=September 26, 2019|title=Census Data: San Antonio Region's Poverty Rate Rises, Tops Nation|url=https://sanantonioreport.org/census-data-san-antonio-regions-poverty-rate-rises-tops-nation/|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=San Antonio Report|language=en-US}}</ref>

A [[Gallup (company)|Gallup]] study in 2015 determined 4% of the city and Greater San Antonio identified as [[LGBT|lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender]].<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|date=March 23, 2015|title=Study: 4% of SA population is LGBT|url=https://outinsa.com/study-4-of-sa-population-is-lgbt/|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=Out in SA|language=en-US}}</ref> In 2016, San Antonio scored a 90 out of 100 in its treatment of the LGBT community.<ref>{{Cite web|title=San Antonio a gay-friendly city in Texas|url=https://www.kens5.com/article/news/politics/san-antonio-a-gay-friendly-city-in-texas/273-245633015|access-date=December 23, 2020|website=kens5.com|date=June 16, 2016 |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
[[File:San Fernando Cathedral.jpg|thumb|[[Cathedral of San Fernando (San Antonio)|San Fernando Cathedral]] is the see of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Antonio.]]
The population of Greater San Antonio is predominantly [[Christianity|Christian]]. Owing in part to San Antonio's [[Religion in Latin America|Spanish and Mexican heritage]], [[Roman Catholicism]] is the largest religious group in the region.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 21, 2012|title=Keeping the Faith|url=https://www.sanantoniomag.com/keeping-the-faith/|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=San Antonio Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":01"/> In addition, American missionary work and immigration into Texas have also resulted in a substantial [[Protestantism|Protestant]] population.<ref>{{Cite web|date=November 29, 2017|title=Religion in Early Texas {{!}} Texas Almanac|url=https://texasalmanac.com/topics/history/religion-early-texas|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=texasalmanac.com|language=en}}</ref>

The Catholic population forms the largest Christian group in the city and Greater San Antonio.<ref name=":01" /> San Antonian Catholics are served primarily by the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Antonio]]. The [[Latin Church]]'s Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Antonio was established on August 27, 1784, under the then [[Diocese of Galveston]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=TSHA {{!}} San Antonio, Catholic Archdiocese Of|url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/san-antonio-catholic-archdiocese-of|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=www.tshaonline.org}}</ref> It was elevated to archdiocese status in 1926.

According to [[Sperling's BestPlaces]] in 2020, the second largest Christian group were [[Baptists]]. The largest Baptist Christian denominations within San Antonio and its metro area were the [[Baptist General Convention of Texas]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Texas Baptists – Churches|url=https://texasbaptists.org/churches/|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=texasbaptists.org|language=en|archive-date=October 31, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031165955/https://texasbaptists.org/churches/|url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Southern Baptist Convention]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=SBC Churches Directory|url=https://churches.sbc.net/|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=churches.sbc.net|language=en-US}}</ref> and the [[Cooperative Baptist Fellowship]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Churches – Cooperative Baptist Fellowship|url=https://cbf.net/churches|access-date=December 14, 2020|language=en-US}}</ref> [[Methodism|Methodists]] formed the second largest Protestant group and the third largest Christian group for the area. The [[United Methodist Church]] was the most prominent Methodist denomination.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Search – Find A Church|url=https://www.umc.org/en/find-a-church/search|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=The United Methodist Church|language=en|archive-date=April 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413050031/https://www.umc.org/en/find-a-church/search|url-status=dead}}</ref> From 2017 to 2020, [[Pentecostalism]] outgrew [[Lutheranism]] and tied with the [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints]] as the fourth largest Christian group. A major predominantly [[Black Church (African American)|African American-led church]] is [[Denver Heights COGIC|Denver Heights]], affiliated with the [[Church of God in Christ]].

After Lutherans, [[Presbyterianism|Presbyterians]] were the next largest Christian denomination, followed by [[Anglicanism|Episcopalian or Anglicans]], and Christians of other traditions including the Eastern Orthodox and [[Oriental Orthodox Churches|Oriental Orthodoxy]]. The [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] communities are divided between the [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=St. Sophia Greek Orthodox Church|url=https://stsophiagoc.org//|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=stsophiagoc.org|language=en|archive-date=November 9, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109042315/https://www.stsophiagoc.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref> the [[Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America|Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of North America]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese|url=http://ww1.antiochian.org/parishes/statedirectory/Texas|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=ww1.antiochian.org}}</ref> the [[Orthodox Church in America]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parishes – St. Anthony the Great Church|url=https://www.oca.org/parishes/oca-so-satsag|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=www.oca.org}}</ref> and the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.stsjoachimandannaorthodox.org/home.html|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=www.stsjoachimandannaorthodox.org}}</ref> Episcopalians and Anglicans primarily are served by the [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church in the United States]] and the [[Anglican Church in North America]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Find a Church|url=https://episcopalchurch.org/find-a-church/search/zipcode|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=Episcopal Church|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Find a Congregation|url=https://anglicanchurch.net/find-a-congregation/|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=The Anglican Church in North America|language=en-US}}</ref> Churches affiliated with the Episcopal Church form the [[Episcopal Diocese of West Texas]]. Overall, the Protestant demographic was predominantly [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]] as of 2020.

[[Islam]] is the second largest religion in the Greater San Antonio area.<ref name=":01" /> [[Eastern religions]] such as [[Buddhism]], [[Sikhism]], and [[Hinduism]] also have a significant presence in San Antonio.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://jewishweek.timesofisrael.com/faith-takes-a-stand-in-san-antonio/|title=Faith Takes A Stand In San Antonio|access-date=August 29, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> An estimated 0.3% of the area's population identified with [[Judaism]] according to Sperling's BestPlaces and at least 10,000 Jews live in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=San Antonio, TX United States|url=https://www.ou.org/communities/IMg3PkTLqJ/san-antonio-tx-united-states/|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=OU Communities|language=en}}</ref> The San Antonio Jewish community began not long after the independence of the [[Republic of Texas]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Malik|first=Alia|date=December 13, 2017|title=Jewish community helped build San Antonio|url=https://www.expressnews.com/sa300/article/Jewish-community-helped-build-San-Antonio-12426035.php|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=ExpressNews.com|language=en-US}}</ref> The oldest synagogue in [[South Texas]] ([[Temple Beth-El (San Antonio)|Temple Beth-El]]) is located in the city limits and located near [[San Antonio College]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Who We Are – Temple Beth-El {{!}} San Antonio|url=https://www.beth-elsa.org/who-we-are/|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=Temple Beth-El|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Torralva|first=Krista|date=December 25, 2019|title=Jewish congregation, in midst of Hanukkah, delivers meals to first responders working Christmas Day|url=https://www.expressnews.com/news/education/article/Jewish-congregation-delivers-Christmas-meals-to-14931565.php|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=ExpressNews.com|language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Crime ===
[[File:San Antonio Police Officers.jpg|thumb|San Antonio police officers]]
Crime in San Antonio began to rise in the early 1980s, similar to many urban areas in the US. In 1983 San Antonio had the tenth highest homicide rate in Texas with 18.5 homicides per 100,000 residents.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/17/us/7-texas-cities-are-in-top-20-in-murder-per-capita.html ''7 Texas Cities are in Top 20 in Murder per Capita'']; New York Times online; accessed April 2017</ref> The number of juveniles arrested in San Antonio for violent crimes tripled between 1987 and 1994, according to the Texas Law Enforcement Management and Administration Statistics Program. The number of youths arrested for unlawfully carrying firearms doubled over the same period.

In 1993, San Antonio earned the nickname the "Drive-By City" after the [[San Antonio Police Department]] recorded over 1,200 drive-by shootings, or an average of about 3.5 per day, which overshadowed the number in other Texas cities. A majority of the violence occurred on the east and west sides of the city, especially in areas with high poverty rates. Gang violence led to the deaths of their members and sometimes innocent bystanders, and housing projects such as the [[Alazán-Apache Courts]] served as hubs for various groups, which sometimes included rival gangs.<ref>[http://www.sacurrent.com/sanantonio/drive-by-city-remembering-san-antonio-gang-violence-in-the-1990s/Content?oid=2509008 ''"Drive-by City;" Remembering San Antoinio Gang Violence in the 1990s'']; SA Current; online; retrieved April 2017</ref> By the end of 1993 the city hit a peak in homicides with 230 killings, the highest since 1991 when 211 were killed.<ref>[https://apnews.com/a1b8a394931f8033249fd2f31f9ec951 ''Once Again Homicide Records Fall in Many Big Cities'']; Associated Press News Archive online; accessed April 2017</ref>

In 2016, the number of murders hit 151, the highest toll in 20 years. A majority of the San Antonio homicide victims were Hispanic and African American men between ages 18 and 29. According to a study, 40% of the killings were either drug-related or domestic incidents.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/dfw/news/san-antonio-records-151-homicides-in-2016-most-in-2-decades/ ''San Antonio Records 151 Homicides in 2016; Most in 2 Decades'']; CBS Local news, online; accessed April 2017</ref><ref>[http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/local/article/Homicides-in-S-A-hit-a-21-year-high-Why-10829542.php ''Homicides Hit a 21 Year High; Why?'']; My San Antonio online; accessed April 2017</ref> In 2020, San Antonio ranked the fourth U.S. city with the biggest increase in homicides.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Salinas|first=Rebecca|date=August 6, 2020|title=Report: San Antonio ranks 4th among U.S. cities with biggest increase in homicide rates in 2020|url=https://www.ksat.com/news/local/2020/08/06/report-san-antonio-ranks-4th-among-us-cities-with-biggest-increase-in-homicide-rates-in-2020/|access-date=December 14, 2020|website=KSAT|language=en}}</ref> From January–June 2020, there were 71 homicides according to the San Antonio Police Department. In 2019, there were 53 reported homicides in contrast. A total of 105 homicides occurred in 2019 in the city. According to ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'', homicide rates were relatively low compared to previous decades.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hilsenrath|first=Jon|date=August 2, 2020|title=Homicide Spike Hits Most Large U.S. Cities|language=en-US|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/homicide-spike-cities-chicago-newyork-detroit-us-crime-police-lockdown-coronavirus-protests-11596395181|access-date=December 14, 2020|issn=0099-9660| archive-url= https://archive.today/20210912010357/https://www.wsj.com/articles/homicide-spike-cities-chicago-newyork-detroit-us-crime-police-lockdown-coronavirus-protests-11596395181|archive-date=September 12, 2021}}</ref>