Reverse osmosis

=== Aquariums ===
Many [[reef aquarium]] keepers use RO systems to make fish-friendly seawater. Ordinary tap water can contain excessive [[chlorine]], [[chloramines]], [[copper]], [[nitrate]]s, [[nitrite]]s, [[phosphate]]s, [[silicate]]s, or other chemicals detrimental to marine organisms. Contaminants such as [[nitrogen]] and phosphates can lead to unwanted algae growth. An effective combination of both RO and [[deionization]] is popular among reef aquarium keepers, and is preferred above other water purification processes due to the low cost of ownership and operating costs. Where [[chlorine]] and [[chloramine]]s are found in the water, carbon filtration is needed before RO, as common residential membranes do not address these compounds.

Freshwater aquarists also use RO to duplicate the soft waters found in many tropical waters. While many tropical fish can survive in treated tap water, breeding can be impossible. Many aquatic shops sell containers of RO water for this purpose.