Phoenix, Arizona

==Demographics==
[[File:Median Household Income Maricopa County.png|thumb|left|Median household income across metro Phoenix; the darker the green, the higher the income.<ref>{{cite web|title=Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2016 Inflation-adjusted Dollars)|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_5YR_S1901&prodType=table|website=American Fact Finder|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=March 21, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214060708/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_5YR_S1901&prodType=table|archive-date=February 14, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>]]
[[File:Poverty in Maricopa County.png|thumb|left|Percent of people living in poverty across metro Phoenix; the darker the red, the higher the concentration of poverty.<ref>{{cite web|title=Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_5YR_S1701&prodType=table|website=American Fact Finder|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=March 21, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214060605/https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_16_5YR_S1701&prodType=table|archive-date=February 14, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>]]
{{US Census population
|1870= 240
|1880= 1708
|1890= 3152
|1900= 5544
|1910= 11314
|1920= 29053
|1930= 48118
|1940= 65414
|1950= 106818
|1960= 439170
|1970= 581572
|1980= 789704
|1990= 983403
|2000= 1321045
|2010= 1445632
|2020= 1608139
|estyear=2022
|estimate=1644409
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=May 29, 2022|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 31, 2022}}</ref>
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref><br />2010–2020<ref name="QuickFacts"/>
}}

As of 2020, Phoenix was the fifth most [[List of United States cities by population#50 states and District of Columbia|populous city in the United States]], with the census bureau placing its population at 1,608,139, edging out [[Philadelphia]] with a population of 1,567,872.<ref name="FN170525">{{cite web|date=May 25, 2017|title=Phoenix now the 5th-largest city in the US, census says|url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/05/25/phoenix-now-5th-largest-city-in-us-census-says.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170525225247/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/05/25/phoenix-now-5th-largest-city-in-us-census-says.html|archive-date=May 25, 2017|access-date=May 27, 2017|publisher=Fox News Channel}}</ref> In the aftermath of the Great Recession, Phoenix had a population of 1,445,632 according to the [[2010 United States Census|2010 United States census]], the sixth largest city and still the most populous state capital in the United States.<ref name=azcentral3>{{cite web |url=http://www.azcentral.com/community/phoenix/articles/2011/03/13/20110313phoenix-6th-largest-city-philadelphia.html |title=Arizona Republic: "Phoenix drops to sixth largest city." |first=Lynh |last=Bui |work=The Arizona Republic |date=March 13, 2011 |access-date=June 19, 2012}}</ref> Prior to the Great Recession, in 2006, Phoenix's population was 1,512,986, the fifth largest just ahead of Philadelphia.<ref name=azcentral3/>

After leading the U.S. in population growth for over a decade, the sub-prime mortgage crisis, followed by the recession, led to a slowing in the growth of Phoenix. There were approximately 77,000 people added to the population of the Phoenix metropolitan area in 2009, which was down significantly from its peak in 2006 of 162,000.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tucsonsentinel.com/local/report/032410_census/census-estimates-show-sharp-drop-arizonas-population-growth/ |title=Census estimates show sharp drop in Arizona's population growth |publisher=Tucson Sentinel |last=Van Velzer |first=Ryan |access-date=February 9, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/census/2011-04-07-1Acities07_ST_N.htm |title=Most major U.S. cities show population declines |publisher=US Today |last=El Nasser |first=Haya |access-date=February 9, 2014}}</ref> Despite this slowing, Phoenix's population grew by 9.4% since the 2000 census (a total of 124,000 people), while the entire Phoenix metropolitan area grew by 28.9% during the same period. This compares with an overall growth rate nationally during the same time frame of 9.7%.<ref name="phoenix.about.com">{{cite web |url=http://phoenix.about.com/cs/living/a/census01_2.htm |title=Arizona Statistics: Taking a Look at Census 2010 |publisher=phoenix.about.com |access-date=February 9, 2014 |archive-date=April 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140412222559/http://phoenix.about.com/cs/living/a/census01_2.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=MSA>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0020.pdf |title=Large Metropolitan Statistical Areas – Population: 1990 to 2010 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510135436/http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s0020.pdf |archive-date=May 10, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Not since 1940–50, when the city had a population of 107,000, had the city gained less than 124,000 in a decade. Phoenix's recent growth rate of 9.4% from the 2010 census is the first time it has recorded a growth rate under 24% in a census decade.<ref name="Cox">{{cite web |url=http://www.newgeography.com/content/002115-phoenix-population-counts-lower-expected |title=Phoenix Population Counts Lower than Expected |publisher=newgeography.com |last=Cox |first=Wendell |access-date=February 9, 2014}}</ref> However, in 2016, Phoenix once again became the fastest growing city in the United States, adding approximately 88 people per day during the preceding year.<ref name=FN170525 />

The Phoenix [[Metropolitan statistical area|Metropolitan Statistical Area]] (MSA) (officially known as the Phoenix-Mesa-Chandler MSA <ref>OMB Bulletin 18-04, September 14, 2018</ref>), is one of 10 MSAs in Arizona, and was the 11th largest in the United States, with a 2018 U.S. census population estimate of 4,857,962, up from the 2010 census population of 4,192,887. Consisting of both Pinal and Maricopa counties, the MSA accounts for 65.5% of Arizona's population.<ref name="phoenix.about.com"/><ref name=MSA/> Phoenix only contributed 13% to the total growth rate of the MSA, down significantly from its 33% share during the prior decade.<ref name="Cox"/> Phoenix is also part of the [[Arizona Sun Corridor]] [[Megaregions of the United States|megaregion]] (MR), which is the tenth most populous of the 11 MRs, and the eighth largest by area. It had the second largest growth by percentage of the MRs (behind only the Gulf Coast MR) between 2000 and 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.america2050.org/megaregions.html |title=Megaregions |publisher=america2050 |access-date=February 10, 2014 |archive-date=May 16, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516142109/http://www.america2050.org/megaregions.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

The population is almost equally split between men and women, with men making up 50.2% of city's citizens. The population density is 2,797.8 people per square mile, and the city's median age is 32.2 years, with only 10.9 of the population being over 62. 98.5% of Phoenix's population lives in households with an average household size of 2.77 people.

There were 514,806 total households, with 64.2% of those households consisting of families: 42.3% married couples, 7% with an unmarried male as head of household, and 14.9% with an unmarried female as head of household. 33.6% of those households have children below the age of 18. Of the 35.8% of non-family households, 27.1% have a householder living alone, almost evenly split between men and women, with women having 13.7% and men occupying 13.5%.

{{as of|2020}}, Phoenix has 590,149 dwelling units, with an occupancy rate of 87.2%. The largest segment of vacancies is in the rental market, where the vacancy rate is 14.9%, and 51% of all vacancies are in rentals. Vacant houses for sale only make up 17.7% of the vacancies, with the rest being split among vacation properties and other various reasons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212055711/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=February 9, 2014}}</ref>

The city's median household income was $47,866, and the median family income was $54,804. Males had a median income of $32,820 versus $27,466 for females. The city's per capita income was $24,110. 21.8% of the population and 17.1% of families were below the poverty line. Of the total population, 31.4% of those under the age of 18 and 10.5% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_5YR_DP03 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212213801/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_5YR_DP03 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |title=Selected Economic Characteristics: 2008–2012 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=February 9, 2014}}</ref>

===Ethnicity===
[[File:Ethnic Origins in Phoenix.png|thumb|Ethnic origins in Phoenix]]
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Phoenix (5560484318).png|thumb|Map of racial distribution in Phoenix, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! Racial composition  !! 1940<ref name="census" />!! 1970<ref name="census" />!! 1990<ref name="census" />!! 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/04/0455000.html |title=State & County QuickFacts – Phoenix (city), Arizona |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120521120746/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/04/0455000.html |archive-date=May 21, 2012 }}</ref>
!2020<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020|title=2020 Census|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/phoenixcityarizona/PST045219}}</ref>
|-
| [[White American|White (Non-Hispanic)]] || n/a|| 81.3% || 71.8% || 46.5% || 42.2%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]|| n/a|| 12.7% || 20.0% || 40.8% || 42.6%
|-
| [[African American|Black or African American]] || 6.5%|| 4.8% || 5.2% || 6.0% || 7.1%
|-
| [[Asian American|Asian]] || 0.8%|| 0.5% || 1.7% || 3.0% || 3.9%
|-
| [[Multiracial American|Mixed]] || n/a || n/a || n/a || 1.7% || 3.4%
|-
|}

According to the 2020 census, the racial breakdown of Phoenix was as follows:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://data.statesmanjournal.com/census/total-population/total-population-change/phoenix-city-arizona/160-0455000/|title=Phoenix city, Arizona Demographics and Housing 2020 Decennial Census|website=Statesman Journal}}</ref>
* [[White people|White]]: 49.7% (42.2% non-Hispanic)
* [[African American|Black or African American]]: 7.8%
* [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]]: 2.6%
* [[Asian American|Asian]]: 4.1%
* [[Pacific Islander American|Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander]]: 0.2%
* Other race: 20.1%
* [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]]: 15.5%
* [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]]: 41.1%

According to the 2010 census, the racial breakdown of Phoenix was as follows:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP3 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212210601/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP3 |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |title=Race and Hispanic or Latino Origin: 2010 |access-date=March 2, 2014}}</ref>
* [[White people|White]]: 65.9% (46.5% non-Hispanic)
* [[African American|Black or African American]]: 6.5% (6.0% non-Hispanic)
* [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]]: 2.2%
* [[Asian American|Asian]]: 3.2% (0.8% Indian, 0.5% Filipino, 0.5% Korean, 0.4% Chinese, 0.4% Vietnamese, 0.2% Japanese, 0.2% Thai, 0.1% Burmese)
* [[Pacific Islander American|Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander]]: 0.2%
* Other race: 18.5%
* [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]]: 3.6%

Phoenix's population has historically been predominantly white.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}} From 1890 to 1970, over 90% of the citizens were white.{{Citation needed|date=March 2023}} In recent years, this percentage has dropped, reaching 65% in 2010. However, a large part of this decrease can be attributed to new guidelines put out by the [[U.S. Census Bureau]] in 1980, when a question regarding Hispanic origin was added to the census questionnaire. This has led to an increasing tendency for some groups to no longer self-identify as white, and instead categorize themselves as "other races".<ref name="census">{{cite web|title=Arizona – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |access-date=March 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 }}</ref>

20.6% of the population of the city was foreign born in 2010. Of the 1,342,803 residents over five years of age, 63.5% spoke only English, 30.6% spoke Spanish at home, 2.5% spoke another Indo-European language, 2.1% spoke Asian or Islander languages, with the remaining 1.4% speaking other languages. About 15.7% of non-English speakers reported speaking English less than "very well". The largest national ancestries reported were Mexican (35.9%), German (15.3%), Irish (10.3%), English (9.4%), Black (6.5%), Italian (4.5%), French (2.7%), Polish (2.5%), American Indian (2.2%), and Scottish (2.0%).<ref name="SSC">{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP02&prodType=table |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150316025439/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP02&prodType=table |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 16, 2015 |title=Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2012 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=March 19, 2014}}</ref>
[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanics or Latinos]] of any race make up 40.8% of the population. Of these the largest groups are at 35.9% Mexican, 0.6% Puerto Rican, 0.5% Guatemalan, 0.3% Salvadoran, 0.3% Cuban.

Phoenix has the largest urban Native American population in Arizona. Phoenix has around 200 Dakota Sioux, approximately 100 Minnesota Chippewas, 100 Kiowas, about 175 Creeks, 100 Choctaws, several hundred Cherokees, several hundred Pueblos, and smaller numbers of Shawnees, Blackfeet, Pawnees, Cheyennes, Iroquois, Tlingit, Yakimas and other Native Americans from far away states.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open.uapress.arizona.edu/read/urban-indians-of-arizona/section/cc607495-3790-45f9-99fb-b7341a5b2dfb|title="2. Phoenix" in "Urban Indians of Arizona: Phoenix, Tucson, and Flagstaff" on University of Arizona Press|website=open.uapress.arizona.edu}}</ref>

Hispanics are now the majority in Phoenix.<ref name="azbigmedia.com"/> African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans live primarily in the southern portion of Phoenix, below the downtown district.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Phoenix-Arizona/People|title=Phoenix - Indigenous, Settlers, Pioneers |website=Britannica }}</ref>

According to the [[National Immigration Forum]], the majority of Phoenix's immigrants are from Latin America: Mexico (196,941), Guatemala (5.093), El Salvador (2,980); Asia: India (10,128), Philippines (5.756), Vietnam (4,698); Africa: Ethiopia (1,157), Liberia (1,089), Sudan (1,067) and Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina (2.944), Germany (2,847) and Romania (1,658).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://immigrationforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Immigration-2020-Phoenix.pdf|title=PHOENIX: AN IMMIGRATION SNAPSHOT}}</ref>

According to a 2014 study by the [[Pew Research Center]], 66% of the population of the city identified themselves as [[Christians]],<ref>[http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/29/major-u-s-metropolitan-areas-differ-in-their-religious-profiles/ Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles], Pew Research Center</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/05/12/americas-changing-religious-landscape/ |title=America's Changing Religious Landscape |publisher=[[Pew Research Center]]: Religion & Public Life |date=May 12, 2015}}</ref> while 26% claimed [[Irreligion|no religious affiliation]]. The same study says other religions (including [[Judaism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Islam]], and [[Hinduism]]) collectively make up about 7% of the population. In 2010, according to the Association of Religion Data Archives, which conducts religious census each ten years, 39% of those polled in Maricopa county considered themselves a member of a religious group. Of those who expressed a religious affiliation, the area's religious composition was reported as 35% [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], 22% to [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical Protestant]] denominations, 16% [[Latter-Day Saints]] (LDS), 14% to [[Nondenominational Christianity|nondenominational]] congregations, 7% to [[Mainline Protestant]] denominations, and 2% [[Hindu]]. The remaining 4% belong to other religions, such as Buddhism and Judaism.

While the number of religious adherents increased by 103,000 during the decade, the growth did not keep pace with the county's overall population increase of almost three-quarters of million individuals during the same period. The largest aggregate increases were in the LDS (a 58% increase) and Evangelical Protestant churches (14% increase), while all other categories saw their numbers drop slightly or remain static. The Catholic Church had an 8% drop, while mainline Protestant groups saw a 28% decline.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/c/04/rcms2010_04013_county_tradition_2010.asp |title=2010 U.S. Religion Census: Religious Congregations & Membership Study. |publisher=The Association of Religious Data Archives |access-date=March 19, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429154429/http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/c/04/rcms2010_04013_county_tradition_2010.asp |archive-date=April 29, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

According to the 2022 [[Point-In-Time Count|Point-In-Time]] Homeless Count, there were 3,096 [[Homelessness|homeless]] people in Phoenix.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human Services Homeless Information |url=https://www.phoenix.gov/humanservices/homelesshelp |access-date=March 11, 2023 |website=www.phoenix.gov}}</ref>