Manchester

==Demographics==
{{main|Demographics of Manchester}}
[[File:Manchester population pyramid.svg|thumb|City of Manchester population pyramid in 2021]]
[[File:UK and foreign born population pyramid of Manchester in 2021.svg|thumb|UK and foreign born population pyramid of Manchester in 2021. Males and females representing the UK born population while foreign males and females representing the foreign born population.]]
Historically the population of Manchester began to increase rapidly during the [[Victorian era]], estimated at 354,930 for Manchester and 110,833 for Salford in 1865,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH18661004.2.12 |title=New Zealand Herald, 1866-10-04 |website=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz |access-date=11 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111133904/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH18661004.2.12 |archive-date=11 November 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> and peaking at 766,311 in 1931. From then the population began to decrease rapidly, due to [[Slum clearance in the United Kingdom|slum clearance]] and the increased building of [[Public housing|social housing]] [[overspill estate]]s by Manchester City Council after the Second World War such as [[Hattersley]] and [[Langley, Greater Manchester|Langley]].<ref name="Slums">{{cite journal |last=Shapely |first=Peter |year=2002–2003 |title=The press and the system built developments of inner-city Manchester |journal=Manchester Region History Review |volume=16 |pages=30–39 |publisher=Manchester Centre for Regional History |location=Manchester |issn=0952-4320 |url=http://www.mcrh.mmu.ac.uk/pubs/pdf/mrhr_16_shapely.pdf |access-date=22 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210182610/http://www.mcrh.mmu.ac.uk/pubs/pdf/mrhr_16_shapely.pdf |archive-date=10 February 2012}}</ref>

The 2012 mid-year estimate for the population of Manchester was 510,700. This was an increase of 7,900, or 1.6 per cent, since the 2011 estimate. Since 2001, the population has grown by 87,900, or 20.8 per cent, making Manchester the third fastest-growing area in the 2011 census.<ref name="mancpop">{{cite web |url=http://www.manchester.gov.uk/downloads/download/4220/public_intelligence_population_publications |title=Public Intelligence Population Publications |publisher=Manchester City Council |date=1 April 2005 |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815182631/http://www.manchester.gov.uk/downloads/download/4220/public_intelligence_population_publications |archive-date=15 August 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The city experienced the greatest percentage population growth outside London, with an increase of 19 per cent to over 500,000.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Townsend |first1=Lucy |last2=Westcott |first2=Kathryn |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-18853714 |title=Census 2011: Five lesser-spotted things in the data |work=BBC News |date=17 July 2012 |access-date=9 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141017035941/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-18853714 |archive-date=17 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> Manchester's population is projected to reach 532,200 by 2021, an increase of 5.8 per cent from 2011. This represents a slower rate of growth than the previous decade.<ref name=mancpop/>

The [[Greater Manchester Built-up Area]] in 2011 had an estimated population of 2,553,400. In 2012 an estimated 2,702,200 people lived in [[Greater Manchester]]. An 6,547,000 people were estimated in 2012 to live within {{convert|30|mi|km|sigfig=1}} of Manchester and 11,694,000 within {{convert|50|mi|km|sigfig=1}}.<ref name=mancpop/>

Between the beginning of July 2011 and end of June 2012 (mid-year estimate date), births exceeded deaths by 4,800. Migration (internal and international) and other changes accounted for a net increase of 3,100 people between July 2011 and June 2012. Compared with Greater Manchester and with England, Manchester has a younger population, with a particularly large 20–35 age group.<ref name=mancpop/>

There were 76,095 undergraduate and postgraduate students at [[Manchester Metropolitan University]], the [[University of Manchester]] and [[Royal Northern College of Music]] in the 2011/2012 academic year.

Of all households in Manchester, 0.23 per cent were Same-Sex [[Civil union|Civil Partnership]] households, compared with an English national average of 0.16 per cent in 2011.<ref name="GayPopulation">{{cite web |url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6275161&c=Manchester&d=13&e=61&g=6342340&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1393453659799&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2518|title=Manchester Neighbourhood Statistics&nbsp;– Same-Sex couples |access-date=26 February 2014 |publisher=Office for National Statistics |year=2001 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303031924/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6275161&c=Manchester&d=13&e=61&g=6342340&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&o=362&m=0&r=1&s=1393453659799&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2518 |archive-date=3 March 2014}}</ref>

The Manchester [[Larger Urban Zone]], a [[Eurostat]] measure of the functional city-region approximated to local government districts, had a population of 2,539,100 in 2004.<ref name="urbanaudit">{{cite web |title=Urban Audit – City Profiles: Manchester |url=http://www.urbanaudit.org/CityProfiles.aspx?CityCode=UK008C&CountryCode=UK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130112222759/http://www.urbanaudit.org/CityProfiles.aspx?CityCode=UK008C&CountryCode=UK |archive-date=12 January 2013 |access-date=5 October 2008 |publisher=Urban Audit}}</ref> In addition to Manchester itself, the LUZ includes the remainder of the county of [[Greater Manchester]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Towards a Common Standard |url=http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/economic_unit/docs/wp13_towards_a_common_standard.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217143002/http://www.london.gov.uk/mayor/economic_unit/docs/wp13_towards_a_common_standard.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2008 |access-date=5 October 2008 |publisher=Greater London Authority |page=29}}</ref> The Manchester LUZ is the second largest within the United Kingdom, behind that of London.

=== Religion ===
{{Pie chart|thumb=right|caption=Religious beliefs, according to the 2021 census<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religion - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS030/editions/2021/versions/1 |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>|label1=Christian|value1=36.2|color1=Red|label2=No Religion|value2=32.4|color2=Orange|label3=Muslim|value3=22.3|color3=Green|label4=Hindu|value4=1.1|color4=Yellow|label5=Buddhist|value5=0.6|color5=blue|label6=Jewish|value6=0.5|color6=purple|label7=Other|value7=0.5|color7=white|label8=Religion Not Stated|value8=5.9|color8=Grey}}Since the 2001 census, the proportion of Christians in Manchester has fallen by 22 per cent from 62.4 per cent to 48.7 per cent in 2011. The proportion of those with no religious affiliation rose by 58.1 per cent from 16 per cent to 25.3 per cent, whilst the proportion of Muslims increased by 73.6 per cent from 9.1 per cent to 15.8 per cent. The size of the Jewish population in Greater Manchester is the largest in Britain outside London.<ref name="Jewish Population">{{cite web |title=Second largest |url=http://www.somethingjewish.co.uk/articles/290_manchester_jews.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830204127/http://www.somethingjewish.co.uk/articles/290_manchester_jews.htm |archive-date=30 August 2007 |access-date=14 September 2007 |work=Something Jewish}}</ref>

=== Ethnicity ===
[[File:Manchester ethnic demography over time.gif|thumb|Ethnic demography of Manchester from 1971 to 2021]]
In terms of [[List of English districts and their ethnic composition|ethnic composition]], the City of Manchester has the highest non-white proportion of any district in Greater Manchester. Statistics from the [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 census]] showed that 66.7 per cent of the population was [[White people|White]] (59.3 per cent [[White British]], 2.4 per cent [[Irish migration to Great Britain|White Irish]], 0.1 per cent [[Gypsy (term)|Gypsy]] or [[Irish Traveller]], 4.9 per cent [[Other White]] – although the size of mixed European and British ethnic groups is unclear, there are reportedly over 25,000 people in Greater Manchester of at least partial [[Italian Briton|Italian]] descent alone, which represents 5.5 per cent of the population of Greater Manchester<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/manchester/3223776.stm |work=BBC News |title=Italians revolt over church closure |date=29 November 2003 |access-date=12 May 2010 |first=David |last=Green |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101204154746/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/manchester/3223776.stm |archive-date=4 December 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>). 4.7 per cent were [[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|mixed race]] (1.8 per cent White and Black Caribbean, 0.9 per cent White and Black African, 1.0 per cent White and Asian, 1.0 per cent other mixed), 17.1 per cent [[British Asian|Asian]] (2.3 per cent [[British Indian|Indian]], 8.5 per cent [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]], 1.3 per cent [[British Bangladeshi|Bangladeshi]], 2.7 per cent [[British Chinese|Chinese]], 2.3 per cent other Asian), 8.6 per cent [[Black British|Black]] (5.1 per cent African<!--, 1.9 per cent [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]-->, 1.6 per cent [[other Black]]), 1.9 per cent [[British Arab|Arab]] and 1.2 per cent of other ethnic heritage.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks202ew.xls |title=2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in England and Wales |publisher=ONS |access-date=12 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116113227/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks202ew.xls |archive-date=16 January 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:Manchester Chinatown 2023.jpg|thumb|The [[Manchester Chinatown|Chinatown]] Paifang]]
Kidd identifies [[Moss Side]], [[Longsight]], [[Cheetham Hill]], [[Rusholme]], as centres of population for ethnic minorities.<ref name = "Kidd"/> Manchester's Irish Festival, including a [[St Patrick's Day]] parade, is one of Europe's largest.<ref name="Irish festival">{{cite web |url=http://www.manchesteririshfestival.co.uk |title=The Manchester Irish Festival: the largest in the UK |access-date=28 June 2007 |publisher=Manchester Irish Festival Website |year=2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221081149/http://www.manchesteririshfestival.co.uk/ |archive-date=21 February 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> There is also a well-established [[Chinatown, Manchester|Chinatown]] in the city with a substantial number of Chinese restaurants and supermarkets. The area also attracts large numbers of Chinese students to the city who, in attending the local universities,<ref name="Chinatown">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/chinatown/2004/01/history.shtml |title=History of Manchester's Chinatown |access-date=22 November 2007 |year=2004 |publisher=BBC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401041607/http://www.bbc.co.uk/manchester/chinatown/2004/01/history.shtml |archive-date=1 April 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> contribute to Manchester having the third-largest Chinese population in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manchesterairport.co.uk/manweb.nsf/Content/ManchesterAirportcelebratesDiwaliandEid |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313201103/http://www.manchesterairport.co.uk/manweb.nsf/Content/ManchesterAirportcelebratesDiwaliandEid |archive-date=13 March 2012 |title=Manchester Airport celebrates Diwali and Eid |access-date=7 September 2012 |year=2011 |publisher=MAG Airports Group}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/business-news/airport-city-bosses-in-650m-china-690688 |title=Airport City bosses in £650m China mission |access-date=7 September 2012 |year=2012 |work=Manchester Evening News |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117014055/http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/business/business-news/airport-city-bosses-in-650m-china-690688 |archive-date=17 January 2014}}</ref>

'''Ethnicity of Manchester, from 1971 to 2021:'''
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic group
! colspan="12" |Year
|-
! colspan="2" |1971 estimations<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jones |first=P. N. |date=1978 |title=The Distribution and Diffusion of the Coloured Population in England and Wales, 1961-71 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/622127 |journal=Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers |volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=515–532 |doi=10.2307/622127 |jstor=622127 |pmid=12157820 |bibcode=1978TrIBG...3..515J |issn=0020-2754}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1981 estimations<ref>{{Cite journal |date=1985 |title=Ethnic minorities in Britain: statistical information on the pattern of settlement |url=https://jstor.org/stable/community.28327806 |journal=Commission for Racial Equality |language=English |pages=Table 2.2|last1= Equality|first1= Commission for Racial}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |1991<ref name=":412">Data is taken from United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/index.htm Casweb Data services] of the United Kingdom [http://casweb.ukdataservice.ac.uk/step1.cfm 1991 Census on Ethnic Data for England, Scotland and Wales] (Table 6)</ref>
! colspan="2" |2001<ref>{{cite web |title=Office of National Statistics; 2001 Census Key Statistics |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20160105160709/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/local-authorities-ks06--ethnic-group.xls |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2011<ref>{{cite web |title=2011 Census: Ethnic group, local authorities in England and Wales |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks202ew.xls |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116113227/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-england-and-wales/rft-table-ks202ew.xls |archive-date=16 January 2013 |access-date=12 December 2012 |publisher=ONS}}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group - Office for National Statistics |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/datasets/TS021/editions/2021/versions/1 |access-date=2022-11-30 |website=www.ons.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!512,936
!95.8%
!396,487
!92.1%
!353,685
!87.4%
!318,013
!81%
!335,109
!66.6%
!313,632
!56.8%
|-
|White: [[White British|British]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|292,498
|74.5%
|298,237
|59.3%
|268,572
|48.7%
|-
|White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|14,826
|3.8%
|11,843
|2.4%
|9,442
|1.7%
|-
|White: Traveller of Irish heritage
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|509
|0.1%
|597
|0.1%
|-
|White: Gypsy/Roma
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|883
|0.2%
|-
|White: [[Other White|Other]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|10,689
|2.7%
|24,520
|4.9%
|34,138
|6.2%
|-
![[British Asian|Asian / Asian British]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!26,766
!6.6%
!41,003
!10.4%
!85,986
!17.1%
!115,109
!20.9%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|4,404
|
|5,817
|
|11,417
|2.3%
|14,857
|2.7%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|15,360
|3.8%
|23,104
|5.9%
|42,904
|8.5%
|65,875
|11.9%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2,000
|
|3,654
|
|6,437
|1.3%
|9,673
|1.8%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|3,103
|
|5,126
|
|13,539
|2.7%
|12,644
|2.3%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: Other Asians
|–
|–
|–
|–
|1,899
|
|3,302
|
|11,689
|2.3%
|12,060
|2.2%
|-
![[Black British people|Black / Black British]]: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!18,898
!4.7%
!17,739
!4.5%
!43,484
!8.6%
!65,893
!12%
|-
|Black: [[Black British people|African]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|3,465
|0.9%
|6,655
|1.7%
|25,718
|5.1%
|47,858
|8.7%
|-
|Black: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|10,390
|2.6%
|9,044
|2.3%
|9,642
|1.9%
|10,472
|1.9%
|-
|Black: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Blacks]]
|–
|–
|–
|–
|5,043
|
|2,040
|
|8,124
|1.6%
|7,563
|1.4%
|-
![[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed / British Mixed]]
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!–
!12,673
!3.2%
!23,161
!4.6%
!29,026
!5.2%
|-
|White and Black Caribbean
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|5,295
|
|8,877
|1.8%
|9,987
|1.8%
|-
|White and Black African
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2,412
|
|4,397
|0.9%
|5,992
|1.1%
|-
|White and Asian
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2,459
|
|4,791
|1%
|6,149
|1.1%
|-
|Any other mixed background
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|2,507
|
|5,096
|1%
|6,898
|1.2%
|-
!Other: Total
!–
!–
!–
!–
!5,517
!1.4%
!3,391
!0.9%
!15,387
!3.1%
!28,278
!5.1%
|-
|Other: Arab
|–
|–
|–
|–
|5,517
|1.4%
|3,391
|0.9%
|9,503
|1.9%
|15,028
|2.7%
|-
|Other: Any other ethnic group
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|–
|5,884
|1.2%
|13,250
|2.4%
|-
!Ethnic minority
!22,484
!4.2%
!33,944
!7.9%
!51,181
!12.6%
!74,806
!19%
!168,018
!33.4%
!238,306
!43.2%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total:
!535,420
!100%
!430,431
!100%
!404,866
!100%
!392,819
!100%
!503,127
!100%
!551,938
!100%
|}
'''Ethnicity of school pupils'''
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! rowspan="3" |Ethnic group
! colspan="4" |School year<ref>{{Cite web |title=School and pupil characteristics |url=https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20130104055718/http://www.education.gov.uk/researchandstatistics/statistics/statistics-by-topic/schoolpupilcharacteristics?page=1 |access-date=2022-11-08 |website=webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Schools, pupils and their characteristics, Academic Year 2021/22 |url=https://explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/find-statistics/school-pupils-and-their-characteristics |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk}}</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" |2004/2005
! colspan="2" |2021/2022
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
![[White people in the United Kingdom|White]]: Total
!34,860
!64%
!34,609
!37.6%
|-
|White: [[White British|British]]
|33,698
|61.9%
|29,591
|32.2%
|-
|White: [[White Irish|Irish]]
|373
|
|320
|0.3%
|-
|White: Traveller of Irish heritage
|106
|
|87
|0.1%
|-
|White: Gypsy/Roma
|23
|
|286
|0.3%
|-
|White: [[Other White|Other]]
|658
|
|4,325
|4.7%
|-
![[British Asian|Asian / Asian British]]: Total
!8,893
!16.3%
!23,594
!25.9%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Indians|Indian]]
|770
|
|2,163
|2.4%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Pakistanis|Pakistani]]
|6,204
|
|15,838
|17.3%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]]
|971
|
|2,157
|2.4%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: [[British Chinese|Chinese]]
|390
|
|1,073
|1.2%
|-
|Asian / Asian British: Other Asians
|558
|
|2,363
|2.6%
|-
![[Black British people|Black / Black British]]: Total
!4,700
!8.6%
!15,699
!17.1%
|-
|Black: [[British African-Caribbean people|Caribbean]]
|1,517
|
|1,324
|1.4%
|-
|Black: [[Black British people|African]]
|2,618
|
|11,014
|12.0%
|-
|Black: [[Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom|Other Blacks]]
|564
|
|3,361
|3.7%
|-
![[Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)|Mixed / British Mixed]]
!3,530
!6.5%
!8,808
!9.5%
|-
!Other: Total
!1,690
!3.1%
!7,448
!8.1%
|-
!Unclassified
!793
!1.5%
!1,628
!1.8%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total:
!54,470
!100%
!91,786
!100%
|}