Justice

===Mixed theories===
Some modern philosophers have said that Utilitarian and Retributive theories are not mutually exclusive. For example, [[Andrew von Hirsch]], in his 1976 book ''Doing Justice'', suggested that we have a moral obligation to punish greater crimes more than lesser ones.<ref>Andrew Von Hirsch, ''Doing Justice: The Choice of Punishments'' (Lebanon NH: Northeastern Univ. Press, 1976). {{ISBN|9780930350833}}</ref> However, so long as we adhere to that constraint then utilitarian ideals would play a significant secondary role.
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