Jerusalem

===Prehistory===
The first archaeological evidence of human presence in the area comes in the form of [[flints]] dated to between 6000 and 7000 years ago,<ref name=Greenberg>{{cite web |first1=Raphael |last1=Greenberg |first2=Yonathan |last2=Mizrachi |title=From Shiloah to Silwan – A Visitor's Guide |publisher=Emek Shaveh |date=10 September 2013 |url=https://alt-arch.org/en/from-shiloah-to-silwan-a-visitors-guide |access-date=25 July 2018 |archive-date=15 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220815180019/https://alt-arch.org/en/from-shiloah-to-silwan-a-visitors-guide |url-status=dead}}</ref> with ceramic remains appearing during the [[Chalcolithic]] period, and the first signs of permanent settlement appearing in the [[Early Bronze Age]] in 3000–2800 BCE.<ref name=Negev>{{cite encyclopedia |encyclopedia=Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land |title=Jerusalem |first1=Avraham |last1=Negev |first2=Shimon |last2=Gibson |year=2001 |location=New York and London |pages=260–61 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l3JtAAAAMAAJ |isbn=978-0-8264-1316-1 |access-date=24 July 2018 |archive-date=23 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923091525/https://books.google.com/books?id=l3JtAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=freedman2000>{{Cite book |title=Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible |last=Freedman |first=David Noel |publisher=[[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]] |isbn=978-0-8028-2400-4 |date=2000 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/eerdmansdictiona0000unse/page/694 694–95] |quote=1. Ceramic evidence indicates some occupation of Ophel as early as early as the Chalcolithic period. 2. Remains of a building witness to a permanent settlement on Ophel during the early centuries (ca. 3000–2800 B.C.E.) of the Early Bronze Age |url=https://archive.org/details/eerdmansdictiona0000unse/page/694}}</ref>