Indemnity

==Historical examples==
===Freeing of slaves and indentured servants===
[[Slave owners]] were considered to have suffered a loss whenever their [[slave]]s were granted their freedom.

When the slaves of [[Zanzibar]] were freed in 1897, it was by compensation since the prevailing opinion was that the slave owners suffered the loss of an asset whenever a slave was freed.

In the 1860s in the [[United States]], U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] had requested many millions of dollars from Congress with which to compensate slave owners for the loss of their slaves.<ref name="Lincoln-1862">{{cite speech|title=Abraham Lincoln's Second Annual Message of 1862 |first=Abraham |last=Lincoln |author-link=Abraham Lincoln |event=Presidential speech |date=December 1, 1862 |url=http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29503#axzz1pzerHqlo |archive-date=February 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201005708/http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=29503 }}</ref> On 9 July 1868, [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution#Section 4: Validity of public debt|Section IV of the Fourteenth Amendment]] dismissed all of the claims that slave owners had been injured by the freeing of the slaves.<ref name="LOC-14th">[https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/14thamendment.html Fourteenth Amendment and related resources at the Library of Congress]</ref><ref name="Archives.gov-14th">[https://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/constitution_amendments_11-27.html#14 National Archives (USA): 14th Amendment]</ref>

In 1807–1808, in [[Prussia]], statesman [[Baron Heinrich vom Stein]] introduced a [[Prussian reforms|series of reforms]], the [[Prussian reforms#Edict of October 1807|principal of which]] was the [[abolition of serfdom]] with indemnification to territorial lords.<ref name="Sfectu">{{cite book |last1=Sfectu |first1=Nicolae |title=Insurance Glossary |date=20 December 2014 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=9781470931100 |edition=First}}{{self-published source|date=June 2022}}</ref>{{self-published inline|date=February 2020}}

[[Haiti]] was [[Haiti indemnity controversy|required to pay an indemnity of 150,000,000 francs to France]] in order to atone for the loss suffered by the [[France|French]] slave owners.<ref>{{cite magazine |first1=Peter |last1=Hallward |url=http://newleftreview.org/II/27/peter-hallward-option-zero-in-haiti |title=Option Zero in Haiti |journal=New Left Review |issue=27 |date=May–June 2004 |access-date=19 February 2018 }}</ref>

In [[Peru]], [[Antonio Salinas y Castañeda]] (1810–1874), a wealthy Peruvian landowner and conservative politician, led the meeting of the main landowners of the country for an indemnity after slavery abolition and ruled the commission who promoted the immigration of Asians to replace former slaves as a workforce during Ramón Castilla government.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}

===Costs of war===
The nation that wins a war may insist on being paid compensations for the costs of the war, even after having been the instigator of the war. 
* Following the [[First Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895]], the [[Treaty of Shimonoseki]] required that [[China]] pay [[Japan]] the sum of 200,000,000 [[tael]]s.<ref name="EB-Shimonseki">{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Shimonoseki |title=Treaty of Shimonoseki {{!}} 1895, China-Japan |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |access-date=8 October 2018 }}</ref>
* Following the massacres of foreigners during the [[Boxer Rebellion]], the defeated [[Qing Empire]] were to pay 450&nbsp;million [[tael]]s of fine silver as indemnity over a course of 39 years to the [[Eight-Nation Alliance|eight nations]] involved.<ref name="spence">[[Jonathan Spence|Spence, Jonathan D.]] [1991] (1991), ''[[The Search for Modern China]]'', [[WW Norton & Co.]] {{ISBN|0-393-30780-8}}.</ref>{{Clarify|date=December 2019|reason=What does "were to pay" mean? Is there a word missing, like "supposed" or "made" to pay?}} Under the [[exchange rate]]s at the time, this was equal to 335&nbsp;million US [[gold dollar]]s or [[Pound sterling|£]]67&nbsp;million.<ref name="spence"/>