Inauguration of Donald Trump Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! === Ceremony === [[File:Donald Trump delivering inauguration speech 2017-01-20.jpg|thumb|President Trump delivering his inauguration speech following his swearing-in ceremony]] [[File:President Trump's Inaugural Address.webm|thumb|President Trump delivering his inaugural address]] [[File:Inaugration 16195.jpg|thumb|Donald Trump gave his first speech as the new 45th [[president of the United States]] for 16 minutes.]] [[Roy Blunt]] commenced the inauguration ceremony at 11:41 a.m. with welcoming remarks about the nation's "commonplace and miraculous" tradition of a peaceful transition of power. Courtney Williams, Senior Chief Musician and concert moderator for the [[United States Navy Band#Concert Band|U.S. Navy Concert Band]], returned as the platform announcer for his 3rd consecutive inauguration.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Nickelle |title=Middle Tennessee native serves as announcer for fourth presidential inauguration |url=https://www.wate.com/news/politics/middle-tennessee-native-serves-as-announcer-for-fourth-presidential-inauguration/ |website=WATE 6 On Your Side |date=January 20, 2021 |access-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122013605/https://www.wate.com/news/politics/middle-tennessee-native-serves-as-announcer-for-fourth-presidential-inauguration/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Three religious figures delivered [[invocation]]s, followed by the [[Missouri State University]] chorale performing an original work, "Now We Belong". After short remarks, [[Chuck Schumer]] ended his speech by asking everyone to stand for the swearing-in ceremony.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/2017/live-updates/politics/live-coverage-of-trumps-inauguration/president-elect-donald-trump-introduced-blunt-kicks-off-ceremony/|title=Blunt kicks off 'commonplace and miraculous' transfer of power|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=January 20, 2016|access-date=January 21, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130152540/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/2017/live-updates/politics/live-coverage-of-trumps-inauguration/president-elect-donald-trump-introduced-blunt-kicks-off-ceremony/|archive-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/2017/january/unprecedented-prayer-on-display-at-trump-inauguration|title=Unprecedented Prayer on Display at Trump Inauguration|work=[[CBN News]]|date=January 21, 2016|access-date=January 21, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121154529/http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/2017/january/unprecedented-prayer-on-display-at-trump-inauguration|archive-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/missouri-state-chorale-now-we-belong-lyrics/|title=Missouri State Chorale performs 'Now We Belong' at inauguration|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=January 20, 2016|access-date=January 21, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128204915/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/missouri-state-chorale-now-we-belong-lyrics/|archive-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/sen-chuck-schumer-inauguration-speech/|title=Sen. Chuck Schumer delivers remarks at Trump inauguration ceremony|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=January 20, 2016|access-date=January 21, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128224319/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/sen-chuck-schumer-inauguration-speech/|archive-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref> Outgoing President [[Barack Obama]], outgoing Vice President [[Joe Biden]] (who later defeated Trump in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] and inaugurated as the 46th president in [[Inauguration of Joe Biden|2021]]), former presidents [[Jimmy Carter]], [[Bill Clinton]], and [[George W. Bush]], and former vice presidents [[Dan Quayle]] and [[Dick Cheney]], along with their respective wives, attended the inauguration,<ref>{{cite news|last=Jackson|first=David M.|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/01/03/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-bill-clinton-inauguration/96117260|title=Hillary Clinton, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush to attend Trump inauguration|work=[[USA Today]]|date=January 3, 2017|access-date=January 3, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103205117/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/01/03/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-bill-clinton-inauguration/96117260/|archive-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref> including [[Hillary Clinton]], who had been Trump's main opponent in the general election (Clinton was attending as a former [[First Lady|first lady]], not as the losing candidate<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/03/politics/george-w-bush-laura-bush-to-attend-trump-inauguration/index.html|title=Bill, Hillary Clinton to attend Trump Inauguration|first1=Dan|last1=Merica|first2=Theodore|last2=Schleifer|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=January 15, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116173710/http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/03/politics/george-w-bush-laura-bush-to-attend-trump-inauguration/index.html|archive-date=January 16, 2017}}</ref>). Former president [[George H. W. Bush]] and former first lady [[Barbara Bush]] did not attend the inauguration due to their health issues.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kbtx.com/content/news/George-HW-Bush-Barbara-will-not-attend-Trump-inauguration-409577605.html|title=George H.W. Bush, Barbara will not attend Trump inauguration|last=Fullhart|first=Steve|access-date=January 15, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118061000/http://www.kbtx.com/content/news/George-HW-Bush-Barbara-will-not-attend-Trump-inauguration-409577605.html|archive-date=January 18, 2017}}</ref> ==== Oath of office ==== [[File:Mike Pence swearing in ceremony.jpg|thumb|Pence being sworn in as vice president by Supreme Court Justice [[Clarence Thomas]] on January 20, 2017]] At 11:54 a.m., [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] [[Clarence Thomas]] swore in Mike Pence as the 48th [[Vice President of the United States|vice president of the United States]], with Pence's hand on his personal Bible as well as the Bible of [[Ronald Reagan]], the politician who inspired Pence to join the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. A performance of "[[America the Beautiful]]" by [[The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square]] followed. At noon, Trump became the 45th [[president of the United States]], taking the oath of office with [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice]] [[John Roberts]]. Trump was also sworn in using two Bibles, a Bible his mother gifted him and the historic [[Lincoln Bible]]. After the swearing-in, the [[United States Marine Band|Marine Band]] performed "[[Hail to the Chief]]" and Trump received the traditional [[21-gun salute]] in his honor.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/19/mike-pence-vice-president-swearing-in-symbolism/96782426/|title=Mike Pence's swearing-in is full of symbolism|work=[[USA Today]]|date=January 19, 2017|last=Groppe|first=Maureen|access-date=January 21, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122132021/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/19/mike-pence-vice-president-swearing-in-symbolism/96782426/|archive-date=January 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/inauguration-live-coverage/index.html |title=Trump inauguration: Live coverage |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=January 21, 2017 |first1=Daniella |last1=Diaz |first2=Sophie |last2=Tatum |first3=Amanda |last3=Wills |first4=Alysha |last4=Love |access-date=January 21, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120235847/http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/inauguration-live-coverage/index.html |archive-date=January 20, 2017 }}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/expect-donald-trumps-inauguration/story?id=44737678|title=The Tick-Tock of Donald Trump's Inauguration|work=[[ABC News]]|date=January 19, 2017|last=Stracqualursi|first=Veronica|access-date=January 21, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121153048/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/expect-donald-trumps-inauguration/story?id=44737678|archive-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/01/18/the-symbolism-of-trumps-two-inaugural-bible-choices-from-lincoln-to-his-mother/|title=The symbolism of Trump's two inaugural Bible choices, from Lincoln to his mother|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=January 18, 2017|last=Stracqualursi|first=Veronica|access-date=January 21, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121003555/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/01/18/the-symbolism-of-trumps-two-inaugural-bible-choices-from-lincoln-to-his-mother/|archive-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref> ==== Inaugural address ==== President Trump then delivered his 16-minute inaugural address of 1,433 words.<ref>Sean Rossman, [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/01/20/how-short-president-donald-trumps-speech/96830014/ How short was President Donald Trump's speech?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406022522/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/01/20/how-short-president-donald-trumps-speech/96830014/ |date=April 6, 2017 }}, ''[[USA Today]]'' (January 20, 2017).</ref> The speech was the shortest inaugural address since [[Jimmy Carter]]'s in [[Inauguration of Jimmy Carter|1977]].<ref name="Bierman">{{cite news |first=Noah |last=Bierman |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-trailguide-updates-donald-trump-delivers-short-populist-1484934128-htmlstory.html |title=Donald Trump delivers short, populist inaugural address |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129191554/http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-trailguide-updates-donald-trump-delivers-short-populist-1484934128-htmlstory.html |archive-date=January 29, 2017 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 20, 2017}}</ref> In late December 2016, Trump told visitors that he was writing the first draft of his inaugural address, citing previous inauguration speeches by [[John F. Kennedy]] and [[Ronald Reagan]] as inspirations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/12/28/trump-tells-visitors-hes-drafting-his-inaugural-speech-with-reagan-and-kennedy-in-mind/|title=Trump tells visitors he's drafting his inaugural speech with Reagan and Kennedy in mind|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=January 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122045956/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/12/28/trump-tells-visitors-hes-drafting-his-inaugural-speech-with-reagan-and-kennedy-in-mind/|archive-date=January 22, 2017}}</ref> Trump "insisted publicly that he wrote his own speech,"<ref name="Calamur">Krishnadev Calamur, [https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/trump-america-first/514037/ A Short History of 'America First'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130094648/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/trump-america-first/514037/ |date=January 30, 2017 }}, ''[[The Atlantic]]'' (January 21, 2017).</ref> although ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' and others reported that it had been written by Trump senior aides [[Stephen Miller (political operative)|Stephen Miller]] and [[Steve Bannon]].<ref name="Calamur"/><ref name="BenderWSJ">{{citation |title=Donald Trump Strikes Nationalistic Tone in Inaugural Speech: Historians and speechwriters call the address one of the most ominous entrances ever, reinforcing familiar campaign themes of American decline |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=January 21, 2017 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-strikes-nationalistic-tone-in-inaugural-speech-1484957527 |author=Michael C. Bender |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310014741/https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-strikes-nationalistic-tone-in-inaugural-speech-1484957527 |archive-date=March 10, 2017 }}</ref><ref>Shane Goldmacher, [http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/trump-miller-inauguration-speech-232967 Trump taps aide Stephen Miller to write inaugural address] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202023959/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/trump-miller-inauguration-speech-232967 |date=February 2, 2017 }}, ''[[Politico]]'' (December 26, 2016).</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/315464-bannon-miller-wrote-trumps-inauguration-address-report/|title=Miller and Bannon wrote Trump inaugural address: report|author=Max Greenwood|date=January 21, 2017|access-date=January 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126193550/http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/315464-bannon-miller-wrote-trumps-inauguration-address-report|archive-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref> The speech struck a tone that was both [[American nationalism|nationalist]] and [[Right-wing populism|populist]],<ref name="Bierman" /><ref name="BenderWSJ" /> with suggestions of [[Autocracy|absolutism]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Marietta|first1=Morgan|last2=Farley|first2=Tyler|last3=Cote|first3=Tyler|last4=Murphy|first4=Paul|date=July 2017|title=The Rhetorical Psychology of Trumpism: Threat, Absolutism, and the Absolutist Threat|url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/for.2017.15.issue-2/for-2017-0019/for-2017-0019.xml|journal=The Forum|volume=15|issue=2|pages=319|doi=10.1515/for-2017-0019|s2cid=148986197|access-date=February 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223055755/https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/for.2017.15.issue-2/for-2017-0019/for-2017-0019.xml|archive-date=February 23, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and distrust of [[democracy]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ivie|first=Robert L.|date=June 2017|title=Rhetorical Aftershocks of Trump's Ascendency: Salvation by Demolition and Deal Making|url=http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.desklight-11ca5677-0d3b-44b3-bd27-9d2f9abe11de|journal=Res Rhetorica|issue=2|pages=67|access-date=February 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223051329/http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.desklight-11ca5677-0d3b-44b3-bd27-9d2f9abe11de|archive-date=February 23, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' described the address as "a truncated version of Trump's campaign rally addresses, absent specific policy and big on a sense of anger at what he defined as a ruling class that has raided America for its own benefit."<ref name="Bierman"/> Historians and speechwriters termed the inaugural address as "one of the most ominous" in U.S. history,<ref name="BenderWSJ"/> striking an unusually dark and bleak note.<ref name="Page">{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Susan |date=20 January 2017 |title=Analysis: Trump's short, dark and defiant inaugural address |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/20/donald-trump-president-inauguration-speech-analysis-defiant-address-and-political-revolt/96836152/ |access-date= |website=[[USA Today]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>Thomas Leeper, [http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2017/01/23/president-trumps-inaugural-address-experts-reactions/#One Remarkably pessimistic, remarkably despondent] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201141331/http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2017/01/23/president-trumps-inaugural-address-experts-reactions/ |date=February 1, 2017 }}, in ''President Trump's inaugural address: Expert reactions'', [[London School of Economics and Political Science]] (January 23, 2017).</ref><ref name="Graham">David A. Graham, [https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/trump-inaugural-speech-analysis/513956/ 'America First': Donald Trump's Populist Inaugural Address] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121003122/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/trump-inaugural-speech-analysis/513956/ |date=January 21, 2017 }}, ''[[The Atlantic]]'' (January 20, 2017): "President Donald Trump took office on Friday with an inaugural address that was striking for both its bleakness and its fiery, populist promises for a better future."</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Altman|first1=Alex|last2=Miller|first2=Zeke J.|title=The Same Trump From the Campaign Spoke at Inauguration|url=http://time.com/4641313/trump-inauguration-speech-analysis/|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403020158/http://time.com/4641313/trump-inauguration-speech-analysis/|archive-date=April 3, 2017}} (January 20, 2017)</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ivie|first=Robert L.|date=Winter 2017|title=Trump's Unwitting Prophecy|jstor=10.14321/rhetpublaffa.20.4.0707|journal=Rhetoric and Public Affairs|volume=20|issue=4|pages=707–718|doi=10.14321/rhetpublaffa.20.4.0707|s2cid=158881745}}</ref> Former U.S President [[George W. Bush]] reportedly referred to the speech as "some weird shit" after the ceremony concluded.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Palma|first1=Bethania|title=Did George W. Bush Describe President Trump's Inauguration as 'Some Weird Sh*t'?|url=http://www.snopes.com/2017/03/31/bush-trumps-inauguration-weird-sht/|website=Snopes|date=March 31, 2017 |access-date=April 2, 2017}} (March 31, 2017)</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mortimer|first1=Caroline|title=George Bush on Trump inauguration: that was some weird s***|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/george-w-bush-donald-trump-inauguration-weird-shit-word-ceremony-us-president-a7657246.html|access-date=April 2, 2014|work=[[The Independent]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330155428/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/george-w-bush-donald-trump-inauguration-weird-shit-word-ceremony-us-president-a7657246.html|archive-date=March 30, 2017}} (March 30, 2017)</ref> Trump pledged to end what he referred to as "American carnage,"<ref>{{citation |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/3194820/donald-trump-inauguration-speech-and-transcript/ |title=Donald Trump's full inauguration speech and transcript |publisher=[[Global News]] |date=January 20, 2017 |access-date=January 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128155656/http://globalnews.ca/news/3194820/donald-trump-inauguration-speech-and-transcript/ |archive-date=January 28, 2017 }}</ref><ref name="WaPo">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-to-be-sworn-in-marking-a-transformative-shift-in-the-countrys-leadership/2017/01/20/954b9cac-de7d-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html|title=Donald Trump is sworn in as president, vows to end 'American carnage'|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=January 22, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122040205/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-to-be-sworn-in-marking-a-transformative-shift-in-the-countrys-leadership/2017/01/20/954b9cac-de7d-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html|archive-date=January 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2017/01/american-carnage|title=Donald Trump becomes America's 45th president|date=January 20, 2017|access-date=January 22, 2017|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121235051/http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2017/01/american-carnage|archive-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref> depicting the United States in a [[dystopia]]n light—as a "land of abandoned factories, economic angst, rising crime"—while pledging "a new era in American politics."<ref name="Page"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Torpey|first=John|date=December 2017|title=The End of the World as We Know It?: American Exceptionalism in an Age of Disruption|journal=Sociological Forum|volume=32|issue=4|pages=701–725|doi=10.1111/socf.12372}}</ref> [[File:Obama hands over presidency to Trump at 58th Presidential Inauguration 170120-D-NA975-0960.jpg|thumb|[[Barack Obama]] with Donald Trump on Inauguration Day. [[Joe Biden]] stands behind Trump.|alt=]] Fact-checking organizations, such as [[FactCheck.org]], [[PolitiFact]], and ''[[The Washington Post]]''{{'}}s Fact Checker claimed that Trump's portrayal of the United States in decline "did not always match reality."<ref name="FactCheck">Eugene Kiely, Lori Robertson & Robert Farley, [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/20/fact-check-president-trump-inaugural-address/96836370/ Fact check: President Trump's inaugural address] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515185857/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/20/fact-check-president-trump-inaugural-address/96836370/ |date=May 15, 2017 }}, [[FactCheck.org]], [[Annenberg Public Policy Center]] (January 20, 2017) (republished by ''[[USA Today]]'').</ref><ref name="PolitiFact">[http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2017/jan/20/donald-trumps-inaugural-address-fact-checked/ Fact-checking Donald Trump's inaugural address] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128071705/http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2017/jan/20/donald-trumps-inaugural-address-fact-checked/ |date=January 28, 2017 }}, ''[[PolitiFact]]'' (January 20, 2017).</ref><ref name="Kessler">[[Glenn Kessler (journalist)|Glenn Kessler]] & Michelle Ye Hee Lee, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/01/20/fact-checking-president-trumps-inaugural-address/ Fact-checking President Trump's inaugural address] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131015121/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/01/20/fact-checking-president-trumps-inaugural-address/ |date=January 31, 2017 }}, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (January 20, 2016).</ref> The fact-checking organizations noted, among other things, that the U.S. violent crime rate was far below its 1991 peak; that the U.S. economy had gained jobs for 75 consecutive months and that [[unemployment]] was significantly below its historical average; and participation in U.S. [[welfare]] programs had declined.<ref name="FactCheck"/><ref name="PolitiFact"/><ref name="Kessler"/> In the speech, Trump repeated his campaign-trail "[[America First (policy)|America First]]" slogan in reference to economic<ref name="WaPo"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fidler|first=David P.|date=March 2017|title=President Trump, Trade Policy, and American Grand Strategy: From Common Advantage to Collective Carnage|url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/aihlp12&i=4|journal=Asian Journal of WTO & International Health Law and Policy|volume=12|issue=1|pages=3–14|via=HeinOnline|access-date=January 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017043032/https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals%2Faihlp12&i=4|archive-date=October 17, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and foreign policy issues.<ref>[[Michael Crowley (journalist)|Michael Crowley]], [http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/2017-trump-inauguration-foreign-policy-reaction-233924 Foreign policy experts fret over Trump's America First approach] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202151350/http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/2017-trump-inauguration-foreign-policy-reaction-233924 |date=February 2, 2017 }}, ''[[Politico]]'' (January 20, 2017).</ref> Trump's use of the phrase was controversial because of the slogan's association with U.S. [[Isolationism|isolationists]] who had opposed American entry in [[World War II]].<ref name="Graham"/><ref name="WaPo"/> Trump's decision "not to make a strong case for the role of American power in shaping the outside world was a departure from the inaugural addresses of recent Republican presidents from Ronald Reagan to George W. Bush," and represented "a sharp break with the internationalist vision of nearly every U.S. president of the past 100 years that troubled veteran foreign policy experts."<ref name="CrowleyAmericaFirst">Michael Crowley, [http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/2017-trump-inauguration-foreign-policy-reaction-233924 Foreign policy experts fret over Trump's America First approach] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202151350/http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/2017-trump-inauguration-foreign-policy-reaction-233924 |date=February 2, 2017 }}, ''[[Politico]]'' (January 20, 2017).</ref> Nevertheless, Trump's themes on foreign policy appealed "to many Americans as well as to critics of Washington's bipartisan foreign policy establishment."<ref name="CrowleyAmericaFirst"/> ==== Benedictions ==== Three religious leaders delivered [[benediction]]s following Trump's speech, bringing the total number of [[Prayers at United States presidential inaugurations|prayers]] during the ceremony to six, a record number. Reverend [[Franklin Graham]]; Cardinal [[Timothy M. Dolan]], [[Archbishop of New York]]; Reverend Dr. [[Samuel Rodriguez]]; Pastor [[Paula White]]; Rabbi [[Marvin Hier]]; and Bishop Wayne T. Jackson gave the benedictions.<ref name="auto" /> [[Jackie Evancho]] concluded the ceremony with a performance of the [[The Star-Spangled Banner|U.S. national anthem]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/inauguration/7662486/jackie-evancho-national-anthem-performance-donald-trump-inauguration-video|title=Watch Jackie Evancho Deliver the National Anthem at Donald Trump's Inauguration|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=January 20, 2016|access-date=January 21, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121101923/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/inauguration/7662486/jackie-evancho-national-anthem-performance-donald-trump-inauguration-video|archive-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. 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