Goodluck Jonathan

=== National issues ===
====2010 Nigerian lead poisoning incident====
In January 2013, Jonathan reportedly promised $4 million to assist in cleaning up villages that have been affected by a [[lead poisoning]] incident.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Oladipo|first=Tomi|date=12 April 2013|title=Cleaning up Nigeria's toxic playgrounds|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-22131829|access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gbenro|first=Oluwatobi|title=tributary to Fmr. Pres. Goodluck Jonathan|url=https://www.academia.edu/19556926|language=en}}</ref> Over 400 children died and [[Human Rights Watch]] said that releasing the funds "could be lifesaving for countless children."<ref name="Hundreds of Children22">{{cite news|last=McNeil|first=Donald Jr.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/30/world/africa/nigeria-money-promised-to-clean-up-lead-that-killed-hundreds-of-children.html?ref=goodluckjonathan&_r=0|title=Nigeria: Money Promised to Clean Up Lead That Killed Hundreds of Children|date=29 January 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|access-date=7 February 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206101350/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/30/world/africa/nigeria-money-promised-to-clean-up-lead-that-killed-hundreds-of-children.html?ref=goodluckjonathan&_r=0|archive-date=6 February 2015}}</ref>

====2012 Occupy Nigeria protests====
{{Main|Occupy Nigeria}}
On 1 January 2012, the Jonathan administration announced the start of a controversial plan to end fuel subsidies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16379231|title=Nigeria fuel subsidy end raises protest fears|date=1 January 2012|access-date=21 June 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313163743/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-16379231|archive-date=13 March 2018|work=BBC News}}</ref> Following the [[Nigeria Labour Congress]]' warning that the country faces many strikes, the country unions followed up with strikes that were matched with [[Occupy Nigeria|civil protests]] from 9–13 January 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigerians Protest Removal of Fuel Subsidy, 2012 |url=https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/nigerians-protest-removal-fuel-subsidy-2012|website=Global Nonviolent Action Database|access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/nigeria/12119.pdf|title=Parliament of the Streets|last=Lakemfa|first=Owei}}</ref> Protesters and groups called for Jonathan to resign over the removal of fuel subsidies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pmnewsnigeria.com/2012/01/03/protests-in-lagos-ibadan-over-removal-of-subsidy/|title=Protests in Lagos, Ibadan Over Removal of Subsidy|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130144856/http://pmnewsnigeria.com/2012/01/03/protests-in-lagos-ibadan-over-removal-of-subsidy/|archive-date=30 January 2012|access-date=5 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201112140825.html|title=Subsidy Removal: CNPP Calls for Jonathan's Resignation|author=Shuaib Shuaib|date=14 December 2011|publisher=AllAfrica|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212003136/http://allafrica.com/stories/201112140825.html|archive-date=12 December 2013|access-date=5 January 2012}}</ref> After five days of national protests and strikes, on 16 January, Jonathan announced that the pump price of petroleum would be 97 [[Nigerian naira|naira]] per litre compared to a post-subsidy level of 147 naira.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voanews.com/english/news/Nigerian-Unions-President-Fail-to-Resolve-Subsidy-Stalemate-137358213.html/|title=Nigeria Cuts Fuel Prices After Strike, Protests|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119064247/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/Nigerian-Unions-President-Fail-to-Resolve-Subsidy-Stalemate-137358213.html|archive-date=19 January 2012}}</ref>

In 2012, upon the partial removal of petrol subsidies, the Jonathan administration instituted a subsidy re-investment programme designed to spend the money saved from partial petrol price deregulation on physical infrastructure such as roads, bridges, etc., across the country. The [[SURE-P|Subsidy Reinvestment and Empowerment Program]] (SURE-P) was also intended to improve maternal health and reduce maternal mortality.

The government followed the advice of international experts that claimed the fuel subsidy ($8 billion per year, or 25% of the government annual budget)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.one.org/us/2012/02/08/faq-the-fuel-subsidy-protests-in-nigeria/|title=FAQ: The fuel subsidy protests in Nigeria|date=8 February 2012|website=One|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206101052/http://www.one.org/us/2012/02/08/faq-the-fuel-subsidy-protests-in-nigeria/|archive-date=6 February 2015}}</ref> was not sustainable. [[Brookings Institution]], a think tank, praised the government's move, arguing that the subsidy crowds out other development spending, like education, and that it discourages investment in the country's economic lifeblood, the oil sector.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/01/10-fuel-subsidies-nigeria-songwe|title=Removal of Fuel Subsidies in Nigeria: An Economic Necessity and a Political Dilemma|date=10 January 2012|website=Brookings|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206102522/http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2012/01/10-fuel-subsidies-nigeria-songwe|archive-date=6 February 2015}}</ref> In his book, "My Transition Hours", Goodluck Jonathan said that subsidy was consuming too much of our revenues and the public believed that the sector was highly corrupt. He mentioned that the Minister of Finance [[Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala|Ngozi Okonjo Iweala]] briefed him about the corrupt practices that a technical committee she had put together discovered. He said that he was alarmed that billions of naira was being lost by the nation through the subsidy regime.<ref>{{cite book|title=My Transition Hours|last1=Jonathan|first1=Goodluck|date=2018|publisher=Ezekiel Books|isbn=9781732492264|page=20}}</ref>

Many prominent Nigerians spoke out against the removal of the subsidy. Former Petroleum Minister Professor Tam David-West spoke out and expressed concern that the planned removal of the fuel subsidy will squeeze the economy, increase inflation, and hurt both businesses and the public.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/business/27455-subsidy-removal%C2%A0will-choke-economy,-says-david-west.html|title=Subsidy removal will choke economy, says David-West|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127085902/http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/business/27455-subsidy-removal%C2%A0will-choke-economy%2C-says-david-west.html|archive-date=27 November 2011}}</ref> A former military Head of State and a former Minister for Petroleum & Natural Resources, General [[Muhammadu Buhari]], urged Jonathan not to remove the fuel subsidy and to tackle corruption.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201112140239.html|title=Buhari to Jonathan&nbsp;– Leave Subsidy, Tackle Graft|author=Abbas Jimoh|date=14 December 2011|publisher=AllAfrica}}</ref> [[Yakubu Gowon]], another former military Head of State, warned the government that the country's infrastructure should be revived before fuel subsidy removal steps were taken.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/news/29461-gowon-to-jonathan%3A-don’t-remove-subsidy-now.html|title=Gowon to Jonathan: don't remove subsidy now|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011035742/http://www.thenationonlineng.net/2011/index.php/news/29461-gowon-to-jonathan%3A-don%E2%80%99t-remove-subsidy-now.html|archive-date=11 October 2013}}</ref> Former military president Gen. [[Ibrahim Babangida]], joined millions of Nigerians protesting against the removal of the fuel subsidy by the Jonathan administration, saying that the action is ill-timed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/ibb-deregulation-ill-timed/106317/|title=IBB: Deregulation Ill-timed|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120109005010/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/ibb-deregulation-ill-timed/106317|archive-date=9 January 2012}}</ref>

====2014 National Conference====
{{Further|2014 National Conference, Nigeria}}
In March 2014, President Jonathan inaugurated the 2014 National Conference. The conference was the first of its kind since the 2005 political reform conference,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Owete|first=Festus|date=16 February 2014|title=Between Jonathan's National Conference and Obasanjo's National Political Reform Conference: What You Need To Know |work=Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/155237-between-jonathans-national-conference-and-obasanjos-national-political-reform-conference.html|access-date=24 June 2020|language=en-GB}}</ref> it had 492 delegates that debated on key socio-political national issues impeding national development.<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 August 2014|title=What did Nigeria's National Conference achieve?|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-28929532|access-date=24 June 2020}}</ref>

====2014 Ebola outbreak====
{{Further|Ebola in Nigeria}}
On 20 July 2014, [[Patrick Sawyer]], a Liberian-American, flew from [[Monrovia]] to [[Murtala Muhammed International Airport]] in [[Lagos]], with a stopover at [[Lomé]], Togo.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Oduyemi|first1=Rachael O.|last2=Ayegboyin|first2=Matthew|last3=Salami|first3=Kabiru K.|date=2016|title=Perceptions of Ebola virus disease in Nigeria: Understanding the influence of imagination on health orientation|journal=International Journal of Nursing Practice|language=en|volume=22|issue=3|pages=291–299|doi=10.1111/ijn.12425|pmid=27080239|issn=1440-172X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ebola: Why Patrick Sawyer travelled to Nigeria – Wife |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/166660-ebola-why-patrick-sawyer-travelled-to-nigeria-wife.html|last=Ibekwe|first=Nicholas|date=13 August 2014|language=en-GB|access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak – Nigeria, July–September 2014|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6339a5.htm|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=31 May 2020}}</ref> He was subsequently described as having appeared to be "terribly ill" when he left Monrovia. Sawyer became violently ill upon arriving at the airport and died five days later. In response, the Nigerian government observed all of Sawyer's contacts for signs of infection and increased surveillance at all entry points to the country.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ebola outbreak kills an American|url=https://www.cnn.com/2014/07/29/health/ebola-outbreak-american-dies/index.html|first= Jacque |last=Wilson|website=CNN|date=29 July 2014|access-date=30 May 2020}}</ref>

On 6 August 2014, the Nigerian health minister told reporters: "Yesterday, the first known Nigerian to die of Ebola was recorded.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ebola outbreak: nurse who treated first victim in Nigeria dies|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/06/ebola-outbreak-nurse-nigeria-dies|date=2014-08-06|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2020-05-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=My encounter with Patrick Sawyer— Adadevoh|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/08/encounter-patrick-sawyer-adadevoh/|date=2014-08-23|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref> This was one of the nurses that attended to the Liberian. The other five newly confirmed cases are being treated at an isolation ward." The doctor who treated Sawyer, [[Ameyo Adadevoh]], subsequently also died of Ebola. On 22 September 2014, the Nigeria ministry of health announced: "As of today, there is no case of Ebola in Nigeria. All listed contacts who were under surveillance have been followed up for 21 days.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Otu|first1=Akaninyene|last2=Ameh|first2=Soter|last3=Osifo-Dawodu|first3=Egbe|last4=Alade|first4=Enoma|last5=Ekuri|first5=Susan|last6=Idris|first6=Jide|date=2017-07-10|title=An account of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Nigeria: implications and lessons learnt|journal=BMC Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|page=3|doi=10.1186/s12889-017-4535-x|issn=1471-2458|pmc=5504668|pmid=28693453 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak – Nigeria, July–September 2014|url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6339a5.htm|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=2020-06-01}}</ref> "According to the [[World Health Organization|WHO]], 20 cases and 8 deaths had been confirmed, along with the imported case, who also died. Four of the dead were health care workers who had cared for Sawyer. In all, 529 contacts had been followed and of that date they had all completed a 21-day mandatory period of surveillance.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Shuaib|first1=Faisal|last2=Gunnala|first2=Rajni|last3=Musa|first3=Emmanuel O.|last4=Mahoney|first4=Frank J.|last5=Oguntimehin|first5=Olukayode|last6=Nguku|first6=Patrick M.|last7=Nyanti|first7=Sara Beysolow|author-link7=Sara Beysolow Nyanti|last8=Knight|first8=Nancy|last9=Gwarzo|first9=Nasir Sani|last10=Idigbe|first10=Oni|last11=Nasidi|first11=Abdulsalam|date=3 October 2014|title=Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak – Nigeria, July–September 2014|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report|volume=63|issue=39|pages=867–872|issn=0149-2195|pmc=4584877|pmid=25275332}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO: EBOLA RESPONSE ROADMAP UPDATE|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/136161/roadmapupdate10Oct14_eng.pdf;jsessionid=69E1E8294EA3AEB35CC8054F3B11F503?sequence=1|author=World Health Organisation|date=2014|website=WHO}}</ref>

====2014 Same Sex Marriage Prohibition Act====
In January 2014, Jonathan signed into law the Same Sex Marriage Prohibition Act after it was passed by the [[Senate (Nigeria)|Senate]] and [[House of Representatives (Nigeria)|House of Representatives]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}} The law prohibits gay relationships, membership and other involvement in gay societies and organisations and gay marriages. The bill came after international polls showed that 98% of Nigerians did not think homosexuality should be accepted by society, the highest percentage of any country surveyed.<ref name=":1222">{{cite web|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/why-nigeria-banned-gay-marriage-and-gay-meetings-2014-1|title=The simple reason Nigeria just banned gay marriage and gay meetings|date=14 January 2014|website=Business Insider|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206094009/http://www.businessinsider.com/why-nigeria-banned-gay-marriage-and-gay-meetings-2014-1|archive-date=6 February 2015}}</ref> Penalties can be up to 14 years in prison for gay marriages and up to 10 years for other violations of the law.<ref>[[Associated Press]] (13 January 2014) [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/13/nigerian-president-signs-anti-gay-law Nigeria's president signs law imposing up to 14 years' jail for gay relationships] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224234020/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/13/nigerian-president-signs-anti-gay-law|date=24 February 2017}} ''[[The Guardian]]''. Retrieved 18 January 2014.</ref> Within a short period, the federal police department compiled a list of 168 gay people who would subsequently be jailed. Within days 38 lesbian and gay people had been jailed, with arrests beginning during Christmas. The anti-[[LGBT]] bill stipulates that those who withhold the details of LGBT individuals face prison terms of up to five years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/13/nigerian-president-signs-anti-gay-law|title=Nigeria's president signs law imposing up to 14 years' jail for gay relationships|date=13 January 2014|work=The Guardian|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140210150816/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/13/nigerian-president-signs-anti-gay-law|archive-date=10 February 2014|access-date=10 February 2014}}</ref> His decision and the law itself have been described as controversial,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/nigerias-religious-leaders-welcome-controversial-anti-gay-law/2014/01/16/12485d88-7ef7-11e3-97d3-b9925ce2c57b_story.html|title=Nigeria's religious leaders welcome controversial anti-gay law|author=Fredrick Nzwili|date=16 January 2014|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=29 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161021011029/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/nigerias-religious-leaders-welcome-controversial-anti-gay-law/2014/01/16/12485d88-7ef7-11e3-97d3-b9925ce2c57b_story.html|archive-date=21 October 2016}}</ref> but according to a poll, 92% of Nigerians supported the ban.<ref name=":1222" />