Florence Nightingale

=== Nursing ===
{{See also|Elizabeth Christophers Hobson}}

[[File:Nightingaleplaque.JPG|thumb|left|[[Blue plaque]] for Nightingale in [[South Street, Mayfair|South Street]], Mayfair, London]]

Nightingale's lasting contribution has been her role in founding the modern nursing profession.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi=10.1080/1362704X.2016.1203090 |title=The Nurse's Uniform as Ethopoietic Fashion |journal=Fashion Theory |volume=21 |issue=5 |pages=523–552 |year=2017 |last1=Hardy |first1=Susan |last2=Corones |first2=Anthony|s2cid=192947666 }}</ref> She set an example of compassion, commitment to patient care and diligent and thoughtful hospital administration. The first official nurses' training programme, her [[Nightingale School for Nurses]], opened in 1860 and is now called the [[Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery]] at [[King's College London]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kcl.ac.uk/nursing/About-the-Faculty/index.aspx |title=Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery: About the School: History |website=www.kcl.ac.uk |access-date=13 May 2016 |archive-date=3 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170703222414/https://www.kcl.ac.uk/nursing/About-the-Faculty/index.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>

{{Quote box
 |quote = She belongs to that select band of historical characters who are instantly recognisable: the Lady with the Lamp, ministering to the wounded and dying.
 |source = – [[BBC]] profile of Nightingale.<ref name="BBC 2017"/>
 |width= 30%
 |align=right
}}
In 1912, the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] instituted the [[Florence Nightingale Medal]], which is awarded every two years to nurses or nursing aides for outstanding service.<ref>{{cite web |title=Medals and Badges: Florence Nightingale Medal |url=http://www.redcross.org.uk/About-us/Who-we-are/Museum-and-archives/Collections/Medals-and-badges |work=[[British Red Cross]] |access-date=15 May 2016 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403013142/http://www.redcross.org.uk/About-us/Who-we-are/Museum-and-archives/Collections/Medals-and-badges |url-status=live }}</ref> It is the highest international distinction a nurse can achieve and is awarded to nurses or nursing aides for "exceptional courage and devotion to the wounded, sick or disabled or to civilian victims of a conflict or disaster" or "exemplary services or a creative and pioneering spirit in the areas of public health or nursing education".<ref>{{cite web |title=Florence Nightingale Medal |url=http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/5QMKDB |work=[[International Committee of the Red Cross]] |access-date=25 June 2010 |year=2003 |archive-date=1 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090701103625/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/5QMKDB |url-status=live }}</ref> Since 1965, [[International Nurses Day]] has been celebrated on her birthday (12&nbsp;May) each year.<ref>{{cite web |title=2016 – Nurses: A Force for Change: Improving health systems' resilience |url=http://www.icn.ch/publications/2016-nurses-a-force-for-change-improving-health-systems-resilience/ |website=www.icn.ch |access-date=14 May 2016 |archive-date=15 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215223738/http://www.icn.ch/publications/2016-nurses-a-force-for-change-improving-health-systems-resilience/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[President of India]] honours nursing professionals with the "National Florence Nightingale Award" every year on International Nurses Day.<ref name="India Award">{{cite news|title=President gives Florence Nightingale Awards to 35 nurses|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/good-governance/centre/President-gives-Florence-Nightingale-Awards-to-35-nurses/articleshow/47259952.cms|newspaper=Times of India|date=13 May 2016|access-date=13 May 2016|archive-date=2 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502122154/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/good-governance/centre/President-gives-Florence-Nightingale-Awards-to-35-nurses/articleshow/47259952.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> The award, established in 1973, is given in recognition of meritorious services of nursing professionals characterised by devotion, sincerity, dedication and compassion.<ref name="India Award"/>

[[File:Pledge of Florence Nightingale. Wellcome L0008728.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Nightingale Pledge]]]]

The [[Nightingale Pledge]] is a modified version of the [[Hippocratic Oath]] which nurses in the United States recite at their [[Pinning ceremony (nursing)|pinning ceremony]] at the end of training. Created in 1893 and named after Nightingale as the founder of modern nursing, the pledge is a statement of the ethics and principles of the nursing profession.<ref>{{cite book
  | last = Crathern
  | first = Alice Tarbell
  | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=IxgEAAAAMAAJ&q=%22missioner+of+health%22+%22human+welfare%22+%22those+committed+to+my+care%22
  | title = In Detroit Courage Was the Fashion: The Contribution of Women to the Development of Detroit from 1701 to 1951
  | publisher = Wayne University Press
  | chapter = For the Sick
  | pages = 80–81
  | year = 1953
  | isbn = 9780598268259
 | access-date = 2 August 2018
| archive-date = 10 March 2021
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210310015805/https://books.google.com/books?id=IxgEAAAAMAAJ&q=%22missioner+of+health%22+%22human+welfare%22+%22those+committed+to+my+care%22
  | url-status = live
  }}</ref>

The Florence Nightingale Declaration Campaign,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nightingaledeclaration.net/ |title=Florence Nightingale Declaration Campaign |publisher=Nightingaledeclaration.net |access-date=13 March 2010 |archive-date=10 March 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310170356/http://www.nightingaledeclaration.net/ |url-status=live }}</ref> established by nursing leaders throughout the world through the Nightingale Initiative for Global Health (NIGH), aims to build a global grassroots movement to achieve two [[United Nations Resolutions]] for adoption by the UN General Assembly of 2008. They will declare: The International Year of the Nurse–2010 (the centenary of Nightingale's death); The UN Decade for a Healthy World – 2011 to 2020 (the bicentenary of Nightingale's birth). NIGH also works to rekindle awareness about the important issues highlighted by Florence Nightingale, such as preventive medicine and [[holistic health]]. As of 2016, the Florence Nightingale Declaration has been signed by over 25,000&nbsp;signatories from 106&nbsp;countries.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nightingale Declaration for A Healthy World |url=http://www.nighvision.net/nightingale-declaration.html |publisher=Nigh vision |date=13 May 2016 |access-date=13 May 2016 |archive-date=30 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630190225/http://www.nighvision.net/nightingale-declaration.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the [[Vietnam War]], Nightingale inspired many [[US Army]] nurses, sparking a renewal of interest in her life and work. Her admirers include [[Country Joe McDonald|Country Joe]] of [[Country Joe and the Fish]], who has assembled an extensive website in her honour.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.countryjoe.com/nightingale/ |title=Country Joe McDonald's tribute to Florence Nightingale |publisher=Countryjoe.com |access-date=13 March 2010 |archive-date=31 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090831104318/http://www.countryjoe.com/nightingale/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The Agostino Gemelli Medical School<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www3.unicatt.it/pls/unicatt/consultazione.mostra_pagina?id_pagina=9396&id_lingua=4 |title=Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – The Rome Campus |publisher=.unicatt.it |access-date=13 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100909234310/http://www3.unicatt.it/pls/unicatt/consultazione.mostra_pagina?id_pagina=9396&id_lingua=4 |archive-date=9 September 2010}}</ref> in Rome, the first university-based hospital in Italy and one of its most respected medical centres, honoured Nightingale's contribution to the nursing profession by giving the name "Bedside Florence" to a wireless computer system it developed to assist nursing.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.crudele.it/papers/00269.pdf |title=Cacace, Filippo ''et. al''. "The impact of innovation in medical and nursing training: a Hospital Information System for Students accessible through mobile devices" |access-date=17 May 2012 |archive-date=14 July 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070714214006/http://www.crudele.it/papers/00269.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
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