Filioque

=== Fourth Ecumenical Council ===
{{Further|Council of Chalcedon}}
At the fourth ecumenical council, Chalcedon I (451), both the Nicene Creed of 325 and the [[Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed]], were read, the former at the request of a bishop, the latter, against the protests of the bishops, on the initiative of the emperor's representative, "doubtless motivated by the need to find a precedent for drawing up new creeds and definitions to supplement the Creed of Nicaea, as a way of getting round the ban on new creeds in" Ephesus I canon 7.{{sfn|Price|Gaddis|2005|p=3}} The acts of Chalcedon I defined that:{{blockquote|{{interp| |orig=These things, therefore, having been expressed by us with the greatest accuracy and attention, the holy Ecumenical Synod defines that}} no one shall {{interp| |orig=be suffered to}} bring forward a different faith {{interp| |orig=({{lang|grc|ἑτέραν πίστιν}})}}, nor to write, nor to put together, nor to excogitate, nor to teach it to others. {{interp|Those who|orig=But such as dare}} either {{interp| |orig=to}} put together another faith, or {{interp| |orig=to}} bring forward or {{interp| |orig=to}} teach or {{interp| |orig=to}} deliver a different Creed {{interp| |orig=({{lang|grc|ἕτερον σύμβολον}}).}} to {{interp|those who|orig=as}} wish to be converted {{interp| |orig=to the knowledge of the truth,}} from the Gentiles, or Jews or any heresy whatever, if they be Bishops or clerics let them be deposed, {{interp| |orig=the Bishops from the Episcopate, and the clerics from the clergy;}} but if they be monks or laics: let them be anathematized. {{interp| |orig=After the reading of the definition, all the most religious Bishops cried out: This is the faith of the fathers: let the metropolitans forthwith subscribe it: let them forthwith, in the presence of the judges, subscribe it: let that which has been well defined have no delay: this is the faith of the Apostles: by this we all stand: thus we all believe.}}{{sfn|Percival|1900|p=[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.xi.xiii.html 265]}}}}