Tucson, Arizona

==Demographics==
{{See also|History of Mexican Americans in Tucson}}
{{US Census population
|1850= 400
|1860= 915
|1870= 3215
|1880= 7007
|1890= 5150
|1900= 7531
|1910= 13193
|1920= 20292
|1930= 32506
|1940= 35752
|1950= 45454
|1960= 212892
|1970= 262933
|1980= 330537
|1990= 405371
|2000= 486699
|2010= 520116
|2020= 542629
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="census-pop-2016">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|website=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref><br />2010–2020<ref name="quickfacts-2021">{{cite web |title=QuickFacts: Tucson city, Arizona |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/tucsoncityarizona/POP010220 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=August 24, 2021}}</ref>
}}

According to [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the racial composition of Tucson was:
* [[Non-Hispanic white]]: 43.6%
* [[African American]]: 5.6%
* [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]: 2.9%
* [[Asian American]]: 3.2%
* [[Pacific Islander American|Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander]]: 0.3%
* [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]: 42.2%
<ref>{{cite news |title=Tucson census |url=https://data.statesmanjournal.com/census/total-population/not-hispanic-white/tucson-city-arizona/160-0477000/#cmap |access-date=November 5, 2022 |agency=Census |publisher=Census}}</ref>

According to the 2010 [[American Census Bureau]], the racial composition of Tucson was:
* [[European American|Non-Hispanic White]]: 47.2%
* [[African American|Black or African American]]: 5.0%
* [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]]: 2.7%
* [[Asian American|Asian]]: 2.9%
* [[Pacific Islander American|Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander]]: 0.2%
* Other race: 17.8%
* [[Multiracial American|Two or more races]]: 3.4%
* [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]: 41.6%; [[Mexican American]]s made up 36.1% of the city's population.
[[File:Race and ethnicity 2010- Tucson (5559886439).png|thumb|left|Map of racial distribution in Tucson, 2010 U.S. census. Each dot is 25 people: {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ff0000|White}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#0000ff|Black}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#00ffaa|Asian}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffa600|Hispanic}} {{legend inline|outline=white|white|text=⬤|textcolor=#ffff07|Other}}]]

As of the census of 2010, 520,116 people, 229,762 households, and 112,455 families resided in the city. The population density was {{convert|2,500.1|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|inhabitants&nbsp;|inhabitants}}. The 209,609 dwelling units had an average density of {{convert|1,076.7|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the city was 69.7% White (down from 94.8% in 1970<ref name="census-1990">{{cite web |title=Arizona – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html |archive-date=August 12, 2012 }}</ref>), 5.0% Black or African-American, 2.7% Native American, 2.9% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 16.9% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 41.6% of the population.<ref name="facts-2012"/> [[Non-Hispanic Whites]] were 47.2% of the population in 2010,<ref name="facts-2012">{{cite web |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/04/0477000.html |title=Tucson (city), Arizona |work=State & County QuickFacts |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=May 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531110448/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/04/0477000.html |archive-date=May 31, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> down from 72.8% in 1970.<ref name="census-1990"/>

According to research by demographer [[William H. Frey]] using data from the [[2010 United States Census|2010 United States census]], Tucson has the lowest level of Black-White segregation of any of the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the United States.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Frey |first1=William H. |title=Diversity Explosion: How New Racial Demographics Are Remaking America |date=2018 |publisher=Brookings Institution Press |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-0-8157-2398-1 |page=177|edition=2nd}}</ref>

Of the 192,891 households, 29.0% had children under 18 living with them, 39.7% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.7% were not families. About 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.42, and the average family size was 3.12.

In the inner city, the population has 24.6% under 18, 13.8% from 18 to 24, 30.5% from 25 to 44, 19.2% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.0 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 93.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $30,981, and for a family was $37,344. Males had a median income of $28,548 versus $23,086 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $16,322. About 13.7% of families and 18.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 23.6% of those under 18 and 11.0% of those 65 or over.<ref>{{cite web|title=Feds give OK to new Ariz. congressional maps|date=April 13, 2012 |url=http://www.insidetucsonbusiness.com/news/feds-give-ok-to-new-ariz-congressional-maps/article_47106c7c-84df-11e1-8c06-001a4bcf887a.html|publisher=Inside Tucson Business|access-date=February 2, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305035301/http://www.insidetucsonbusiness.com/news/feds-give-ok-to-new-ariz-congressional-maps/article_47106c7c-84df-11e1-8c06-001a4bcf887a.html|archive-date=March 5, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>