Superstation

==Radio superstations==
The first radio station in North America to achieve superstation distribution via satellite was Chicago's [[WFMT]] (98.7 FM), a classical music station that was uplinked by United Video to the Satcom I satellite in May 1979, which began distributing its signal via satellite as a [[cable radio]] feed throughout the United States and was also distributed in over two dozen countries overseas (including the [[Soviet Union]] and China). Like with fellow United Video-distributed superstation WGN-TV in that same market during its early years as a cable superstation, other than some limited revenue from a scant number of national advertisers, WFMT earned no extra revenue from its expanded distribution. (Incidentally, WFMT was co-owned with WGN-TV from 1968 until 1970, when WGN Continental Broadcasting donated the WFMT assets to the Chicagoland Educational Television Association, owner of local PBS station [[WTTW]] [channel 11].)<ref>{{cite magazine|title=NCTA's cable programing pot pourri|periodical=Broadcasting|publisher=Broadcasting Publications Inc.|page=51|date=May 28, 1979}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=The Little Station That Grew|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1985-07-14-8502150715-story.html|author=Eric Zorn|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|publisher=Tribune Publishing|date=July 14, 1985|access-date=April 29, 2019}}</ref> [[WSM (AM)|WSM]] (650 AM) in [[Nashville]], [[Tennessee]], also received a lot of attention in the 1980s through its distribution via C-band alongside [[The Nashville Network]] (which was co-owned with WSM radio at the time through Gaylord Entertainment). Very few stations actually distribute themselves through C-band, as the station's audio can now more easily be dialed in through either [[ISDN]] lines, or listened to via an [[streaming audio|audio stream]] over the internet (if the station offers such a service). Radio stations that relay their audio feed via C-band, like [[WEEI-FM]] (93.7) in [[Boston]], often do so to feed the signal to others that [[simulcast]] the programming throughout the [[New England]] region. This is the case with several stations in Mexico, as radio and television broadcasting in that country is very nationalized and most local stations merely act as 24-hour-a-day affiliates of a national network.

Some local radio stations are, or have been distributed on [[satellite radio]] throughout the United States, and Canada in select cases. Stations that have previously maintained distribution over satellite radio have included [[WLTW]] (106.7 FM) in New York City, [[KHMX]] (96.5 FM) in Houston, [[KIIS-FM]] (102.7) in Los Angeles, [[KNEW (AM)|KNEW]] (960 AM) in San Francisco, [[WTKS-FM]] (104.1) in [[Orlando]], [[WLW]] (700 AM) in [[Cincinnati]] and [[WSIX-FM]] (97.9 FM) in Nashville on [[XM Satellite Radio]], and WSM on [[Sirius Satellite Radio]]. XM, in particular, used radio-based superstations owned by Clear Channel Communications (now [[iHeartMedia]]) for much of its channel lineup during the early years of the provider's existence; the two Clear Channel radio superstations that remained on its lineup – WLW and WSIX – were dropped by XM Satellite Radio in March 2009. The signals of WSIX, KIIS and WLTW returned to the now-merged [[Sirius XM Radio|Sirius XM]] lineup in June 2011, along with two new additions, [[contemporary hit radio|CHR]] station [[WHTZ]] (100.3 FM) in New York City and [[urban contemporary]] outlet [[WGCI-FM]] (107.5) in Chicago. All iHeartMedia stations have since been removed from Sirius XM as a byproduct of the launch and growth of co-owned streaming radio platform [[iHeartRadio]]; WGCI, WLTW, and WSIX were removed in 2013 after Clear Channel sold its stake in Sirius XM, WHTZ left the satellite service in June 2020 with a stream continuing on Sirius XM's online service, and KIIS was removed in June 2022, along with the Sirius XM-hosted WHTZ simulcast.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SiriusXM Adjusting Lineup: Z100/KIIS-FM Come To Sirius |url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/86383/siriusxm-adjusting-lineup-z100kiis-fm-come-to-sirius/ |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=RadioInsight |date=October 15, 2013 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Z100 Leaves Satellites As Dave Matthews Band Radio Becomes Permanent On SiriusXM Lineup |url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/189247/z100-leaves-satellites-as-dave-matthews-band-radio-becomes-permanent-on-siriusxm-lineup/ |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=RadioInsight |date=June 18, 2020 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=KIIS-FM To Depart SiriusXM |url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/226874/kiis-fm-to-depart-siriusxm/ |access-date=2022-06-04 |website=RadioInsight |date=May 26, 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>

Three other specialty format stations—[[WBBR]] (1130 AM) in New York City, the [[flagship (broadcasting)|flagship]] affiliate of the [[Bloomberg Radio]] business news service; [[WCSP-FM]] (90.1) in Washington, D.C., the sole affiliate of [[C-SPAN|C-SPAN Radio]]; and [[BYU Radio|KBYR-HD2]] (89.1 FM HD2) in [[Provo, Utah]], part of [[Brigham Young University]]'s BYU Radio service—are currently distributed on satellite radio, the former two of which are in lieu of their parent services maintaining conventional full-time affiliations with other radio properties across the United States. Most of WBBR's programming is also syndicated terrestrially to other stations through [[United Stations Radio Networks]]. ([[KPIG-FM]] [107.5] in [[Santa Cruz, California]] ended its terrestrial syndication deal with [[Dial Global]] in March 2010, becoming one of the few radio stations to place its audio stream behind a [[paywall]];<ref>{{cite web|title=KPIG Asks Listeners To Pay For Streams|url=https://audio4cast.com/2010/03/17/kpig-asks-listeners-to-pay-for-streams/|author=Jennifer Lane|website=Audio4cast.com|date=March 17, 2010|access-date=April 29, 2019|archive-date=June 17, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200617012007/https://audio4cast.com/2010/03/17/kpig-asks-listeners-to-pay-for-streams/|url-status=dead}}</ref> this made WBBR the only terrestrial superstation on U.S. radio.) KDIS (1110 AM, now [[KWVE (AM)|KWVE]]) in [[Pasadena, California]] (serving the Los Angeles market) converted to superstation status in 2014, a byproduct of [[Radio Disney]] – for which it serves as the children's radio network's flagship outlet, and became its only analog terrestrial broadcaster as a result – refocusing its efforts primarily on mobile distribution after drawing down its remaining affiliates through both the sales or shutdowns of its owned-and-operated stations and the format conversions of terrestrial affiliates not owned by [[The Walt Disney Company]]. (Radio Disney began to reinstate conventional terrestrial radio coverage in 2016 through [[brokered programming|brokered arrangements]] over [[HD Radio]] subchannels, albeit with a drastically reduced affiliate base than it had up until the early 2010s.)

Prior to [[CBS Corporation]]'s 2017 sale of its radio properties to [[Entercom]], in 2011, [[CBS Radio]] began using [[HD Radio]] technology to relay the signals of its major-market music-formatted stations to other markets around the country. For instance, [[KFRG]] (95.1 FM) in [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]] is carried on [[KTWV|KTWV-HD3]] (94.7 FM HD3) in Los Angeles, KSCF (103.7 FM, now [[KSON (FM)|KSON]]) in [[San Diego]] is heard on [[KNX-FM|KAMP-HD2]] (97.1 FM HD2) in Los Angeles; [[WBZ-FM]] (98.5 FM) in Boston was heard on [[WTIC-FM|WTIC-HD3]] (96.5 FM HD3) in [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]] up until after Entercom sold WBZ-FM to the [[Beasley Broadcast Group]] in November 2017; [[KROQ-FM]] (106.7) in Los Angeles was formerly heard on KEGY (97.3 FM, now [[KWFN]]) in San Diego; and both WXRK-HD2 (92.3 FM HD2, now [[WINS-FM]]), and [[WFAN (AM)|WFAN]] (660 AM) in New York City are respectively simulcast on three affiliates – [[WOCL|WOCL-HD3]] (105.9 FM HD3) in Orlando, [[WLLD|WLLD-HD3]] (94.1 FM HD3) in [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]], and [[WEAT|WEAT-HD3]] (107.9 FM HD3) in [[West Palm Beach, Florida|West Palm Beach]] – in Florida.<ref>{{cite news|title=CBS Taking Stations National via HD Radio|url=https://radioinsight.com/headlines/netgnomes/1370/cbs-taking-stations-national-via-hd-radio/|author=Lance Venta|website=RadioInsight|date=October 30, 2009|access-date=April 29, 2019}}</ref>

In many cases where radio stations distribute outside their home market, the local stations make some concessions, such as replacement of local advertisements with either national advertising or a bed of [[production music]] that plays over commercial breaks. Also in the example of WFAN, that station's play-by-play coverage of the New York Mets and [[New York Giants|Giants]], the [[New Jersey Devils]] and the [[Brooklyn Nets]] is not carried on the Florida HD Radio affiliates and replaced with alternate programming, as the station only has rights to transmit the game broadcasts in the New York metropolitan area.