Restorationism

===Irvingians===
{{main|Catholic Apostolic Church}}
[[File:City of Edinburgh - Catholic Apostolic Church - 20230924122415.jpg|thumb|[[Mansfield Place Church]], a former cathedral of the [[Catholic Apostolic Church]] in Edinburgh, UK]]
The [[Catholic Apostolic Church]] (Irvingian Church) was founded according to the theology of [[Edward Irving]] (1792–1834), who taught that "God could work miracles in His Church as easily now as two thousand years ago."<ref>{{cite book |title=What is the Catholic Apostolic Church? |date=1834 |publisher=Wesleyan Conference Office |page=5 |language=English}}</ref> Belonging to the Restorationist branch of Christianity, the Irvingian Churches teach that they "exercise the charismata of the Apostolic age".<ref name="Carson2020"/> The church was organised in 1835 with the [[holy orders|fourfold ministry]] of "apostles, prophets, evangelists, and pastors."<ref name="Cannon2009">{{cite book |last1=Cannon |first1=John |title=A Dictionary of British History |date=21 May 2009 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-955037-1 |page=127 |language=English}}</ref><ref name="Carson2020">{{cite book |last1=Carson |first1=D. A. |title=Themelios, Volume 44, Issue 3 |date=10 February 2020 |publisher=Wipf and Stock Publishers |isbn=978-1-7252-6010-8 |language=en |quote=From this nexus at Albury Park would eventually emerge the openly-restorationist Catholic Apostolic Church, in which both Drummond and London Scots preacher, Edward Irving (1792-1834), would figure prominently. Significant for the purposes of this discussion is the fact that the Catholic Apostolic Church would distinguish itself not only for its bold claim to exercise the charismata of the Apostolic age, but also for its lavish liturgies borrowed from the pre-Reformation church, both East and West.}}</ref> As a result of [[schism]] within the Catholic Apostolic Church, other Irvingian Christian denominations emerged, including the [[Old Apostolic Church]], [[New Apostolic Church]], [[Reformed Old Apostolic Church]] and [[United Apostolic Church]]; of these, the New Apostolic Church is the largest Irvingian Christian denomination today, with 16 million members.<ref name="Nyika2008">{{cite book |last1=Nyika |first1=Felix Chimera |title=Restore the Primitive Church Once More: A Survey of Post Reformation Christian Restorationism |date=2008 |publisher=Kachere Series |page=14 |language=English |quote=In the 1990s the New Apostolic Church had almost 300 apostles with 60,000 congregations comprising 16 million members globally.}}</ref><ref name="Kuligin2005">{{cite journal |last1=Kuligin |first1=Victor |title=The New Apostolic Church |journal=Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology |date=2005 |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=1–18 |language=English}}</ref> Irvingianism, possessing elaborate [[Christian liturgy|liturgies]], teaches three [[sacraments]]: [[Baptism]], [[Holy Communion]] and [[New Apostolic Church#Holy Sealing|Holy Sealing]].<ref name="Carson2020"/><ref name="Whalen1981">{{cite book |last1=Whalen |first1=William Joseph |title=Minority Religions in America |date=1981 |publisher=Alba House |isbn=978-0-8189-0413-4 |page=104 |language=English}}</ref><ref name="Nomos1992">{{cite book |title=Decisions of the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court) Federal Republic of Germany |date=1992 |publisher=Nomos |isbn=978-3-8329-2132-3 |page=6 |language=English}}</ref>