Love

===Ancient Greek===
{{See also|Greek words for love}}
[[File:Eros bow Musei Capitolini MC410.jpg|thumb|Roman copy of a Greek sculpture by [[Lysippus]] depicting [[Eros]], the Greek personification of romantic love]]
[[Greek language|Greek]] distinguishes [[Greek words for love|several different senses]] in which the word "love" is used. Ancient Greeks identified four forms of love: kinship or [[familial love|familiarity]] ({{transliteration|grc|[[storge]]}}), [[friendship]] and/or [[platonic love|platonic desire]] ({{transliteration|grc|[[philia]]}}), sexual and/or [[romance (love)|romantic desire]] ({{transliteration|grc|[[eros (concept)|eros]]}}), and [[Kenosis|self-emptying]] or divine love ({{transliteration|grc|[[agape]]}}).<ref>{{multiref2
|1={{cite book|first=C. S.|last=Lewis|title=[[The Four Loves]]|year=1960}}
|2={{cite book |last=Kristeller |first=Paul Oskar |title=Renaissance Thought and the Arts: Collected Essays |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1980 |isbn=978-0-691-02010-5}} }}</ref> Modern authors have distinguished further varieties of romantic love.<ref>[[Stendhal]], in his book ''On Love'' ("De l'amour"; Paris, 1822), distinguished carnal love, passionate love, a kind of uncommitted love that he called "taste-love", and love of vanity. [[Denis de Rougemont]] in his book ''Love in the Western World'' traced the story of passionate love ({{lang|fr|l'amour-passion}}) from its courtly to its romantic forms. [[Benjamin Péret]], in the introduction to his ''Anthology of Sublime Love'' (Paris, 1956), further identified "sublime love", a state of realized idealisation perhaps equatable with the romantic form of passionate love.</ref> However, with Greek (as with many other languages), it has been historically difficult to separate the meanings of these words totally. At the same time, the Ancient Greek text of the [[Bible]] has examples of the [[verb]] {{transliteration|grc|agapo}} having the same meaning as {{transliteration|grc|[[phileo]]}}.

;''[[Agapē|Agape]]'' ({{lang|grc|ἀγάπη}} {{transliteration|grc|agápē}})
: ''love'' in modern-day Greek. The term {{transliteration|grk|s'agapo}} means ''I love you'' in Greek. The word {{transliteration|grk|agapo}} is the verb ''I love''. It generally refers to a "pure," [[ideal type]] of love, rather than the physical attraction suggested by {{transliteration|grc|eros}}. However, there are some examples of {{transliteration|grc|agape}} used to mean the same as {{transliteration|grc|eros}}. It has also been translated as "love of the soul."{{r|Nygren}}

;''[[Eros (love)|Eros]]'' ({{lang|grc|ἔρως}} {{transliteration|grc|érōs}})
: (from the Greek deity [[Eros]]) is passionate love, with sensual desire and longing. The Greek word {{transliteration|grc|erota}} means ''in love''. [[Plato]] refined his own definition. Although {{transliteration|grc|eros}} is initially felt for a person, with contemplation it becomes an appreciation of the beauty within that person, or even becomes appreciation of beauty itself. {{transliteration|grc|Eros}} helps the soul recall knowledge of beauty and contributes to an understanding of spiritual truth. Lovers and philosophers are all inspired to seek truth by {{transliteration|grc|eros}}. Some translations list it as "love of the body".{{r|Nygren}}

;''[[Philia]]'' ({{lang|grc|φιλία}} {{transliteration|grc|philía}})
: dispassionate virtuous love, was a concept addressed and developed by [[Aristotle]] in his [[Nicomachean Ethics]] Book VIII.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/love/|title=Philosophy of Love |website=Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy|language=en-US|access-date=24 August 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829093137/http://www.iep.utm.edu/love/|archive-date=29 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> It includes loyalty to friends, family, and community, and requires virtue, equality, and familiarity. {{transliteration|grc|Philia}} is motivated by practical reasons; one or both of the parties benefit from the relationship. It can also mean "love of the mind."

;''[[Storge]]'' ({{lang|grc|στοργή}} {{transliteration|grc|storgē}}) 
: natural affection, like that felt by parents for offspring

; ''[[Xenia (Greek)|Xenia]]'' ({{lang|grc|ξενία}} {{transliteration|grc|xenía}})
: hospitality, was an extremely important practice in [[ancient Greece]]. It was an almost ritualized friendship formed between a host and his guest, who could previously have been strangers. The host fed and provided quarters for the guest, who was expected to repay only with gratitude. The importance of this can be seen throughout [[Greek mythology]]—in particular, [[Homer]]'s ''[[Iliad]]'' and ''[[Odyssey]]''.
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