Inauguration of Donald Trump Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! == Inaugural events == === Ceremony === [[File:Donald Trump delivering inauguration speech 2017-01-20.jpg|thumb|President Trump delivering his inauguration speech following his swearing-in ceremony]] [[File:President Trump's Inaugural Address.webm|thumb|President Trump delivering his inaugural address]] [[File:Inaugration 16195.jpg|thumb|Donald Trump gave his first speech as the new 45th [[president of the United States]] for 16 minutes.]] [[Roy Blunt]] commenced the inauguration ceremony at 11:41 a.m. with welcoming remarks about the nation's "commonplace and miraculous" tradition of a peaceful transition of power. Courtney Williams, Senior Chief Musician and concert moderator for the [[United States Navy Band#Concert Band|U.S. Navy Concert Band]], returned as the platform announcer for his 3rd consecutive inauguration.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Nickelle |title=Middle Tennessee native serves as announcer for fourth presidential inauguration |url=https://www.wate.com/news/politics/middle-tennessee-native-serves-as-announcer-for-fourth-presidential-inauguration/ |website=WATE 6 On Your Side |date=January 20, 2021 |access-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-date=January 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122013605/https://www.wate.com/news/politics/middle-tennessee-native-serves-as-announcer-for-fourth-presidential-inauguration/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Three religious figures delivered [[invocation]]s, followed by the [[Missouri State University]] chorale performing an original work, "Now We Belong". After short remarks, [[Chuck Schumer]] ended his speech by asking everyone to stand for the swearing-in ceremony.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/2017/live-updates/politics/live-coverage-of-trumps-inauguration/president-elect-donald-trump-introduced-blunt-kicks-off-ceremony/|title=Blunt kicks off 'commonplace and miraculous' transfer of power|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=January 20, 2016|access-date=January 21, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130152540/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/2017/live-updates/politics/live-coverage-of-trumps-inauguration/president-elect-donald-trump-introduced-blunt-kicks-off-ceremony/|archive-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/2017/january/unprecedented-prayer-on-display-at-trump-inauguration|title=Unprecedented Prayer on Display at Trump Inauguration|work=[[CBN News]]|date=January 21, 2016|access-date=January 21, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121154529/http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/2017/january/unprecedented-prayer-on-display-at-trump-inauguration|archive-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/missouri-state-chorale-now-we-belong-lyrics/|title=Missouri State Chorale performs 'Now We Belong' at inauguration|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=January 20, 2016|access-date=January 21, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128204915/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/missouri-state-chorale-now-we-belong-lyrics/|archive-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/sen-chuck-schumer-inauguration-speech/|title=Sen. Chuck Schumer delivers remarks at Trump inauguration ceremony|publisher=[[CNN]]|date=January 20, 2016|access-date=January 21, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128224319/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/sen-chuck-schumer-inauguration-speech/|archive-date=January 28, 2017}}</ref> Outgoing President [[Barack Obama]], outgoing Vice President [[Joe Biden]] (who later defeated Trump in [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]] and inaugurated as the 46th president in [[Inauguration of Joe Biden|2021]]), former presidents [[Jimmy Carter]], [[Bill Clinton]], and [[George W. Bush]], and former vice presidents [[Dan Quayle]] and [[Dick Cheney]], along with their respective wives, attended the inauguration,<ref>{{cite news|last=Jackson|first=David M.|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/01/03/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-bill-clinton-inauguration/96117260|title=Hillary Clinton, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush to attend Trump inauguration|work=[[USA Today]]|date=January 3, 2017|access-date=January 3, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103205117/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2017/01/03/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-bill-clinton-inauguration/96117260/|archive-date=January 3, 2017}}</ref> including [[Hillary Clinton]], who had been Trump's main opponent in the general election (Clinton was attending as a former [[First Lady|first lady]], not as the losing candidate<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/03/politics/george-w-bush-laura-bush-to-attend-trump-inauguration/index.html|title=Bill, Hillary Clinton to attend Trump Inauguration|first1=Dan|last1=Merica|first2=Theodore|last2=Schleifer|publisher=[[CNN]]|access-date=January 15, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170116173710/http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/03/politics/george-w-bush-laura-bush-to-attend-trump-inauguration/index.html|archive-date=January 16, 2017}}</ref>). Former president [[George H. W. Bush]] and former first lady [[Barbara Bush]] did not attend the inauguration due to their health issues.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.kbtx.com/content/news/George-HW-Bush-Barbara-will-not-attend-Trump-inauguration-409577605.html|title=George H.W. Bush, Barbara will not attend Trump inauguration|last=Fullhart|first=Steve|access-date=January 15, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118061000/http://www.kbtx.com/content/news/George-HW-Bush-Barbara-will-not-attend-Trump-inauguration-409577605.html|archive-date=January 18, 2017}}</ref> ==== Oath of office ==== [[File:Mike Pence swearing in ceremony.jpg|thumb|Pence being sworn in as vice president by Supreme Court Justice [[Clarence Thomas]] on January 20, 2017]] At 11:54 a.m., [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States|Associate Justice]] [[Clarence Thomas]] swore in Mike Pence as the 48th [[Vice President of the United States|vice president of the United States]], with Pence's hand on his personal Bible as well as the Bible of [[Ronald Reagan]], the politician who inspired Pence to join the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. A performance of "[[America the Beautiful]]" by [[The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square]] followed. At noon, Trump became the 45th [[president of the United States]], taking the oath of office with [[Chief Justice of the United States|Chief Justice]] [[John Roberts]]. Trump was also sworn in using two Bibles, a Bible his mother gifted him and the historic [[Lincoln Bible]]. After the swearing-in, the [[United States Marine Band|Marine Band]] performed "[[Hail to the Chief]]" and Trump received the traditional [[21-gun salute]] in his honor.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/19/mike-pence-vice-president-swearing-in-symbolism/96782426/|title=Mike Pence's swearing-in is full of symbolism|work=[[USA Today]]|date=January 19, 2017|last=Groppe|first=Maureen|access-date=January 21, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122132021/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/19/mike-pence-vice-president-swearing-in-symbolism/96782426/|archive-date=January 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/inauguration-live-coverage/index.html |title=Trump inauguration: Live coverage |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=January 21, 2017 |first1=Daniella |last1=Diaz |first2=Sophie |last2=Tatum |first3=Amanda |last3=Wills |first4=Alysha |last4=Love |access-date=January 21, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120235847/http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/inauguration-live-coverage/index.html |archive-date=January 20, 2017 }}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite news|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/expect-donald-trumps-inauguration/story?id=44737678|title=The Tick-Tock of Donald Trump's Inauguration|work=[[ABC News]]|date=January 19, 2017|last=Stracqualursi|first=Veronica|access-date=January 21, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121153048/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/expect-donald-trumps-inauguration/story?id=44737678|archive-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/01/18/the-symbolism-of-trumps-two-inaugural-bible-choices-from-lincoln-to-his-mother/|title=The symbolism of Trump's two inaugural Bible choices, from Lincoln to his mother|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=January 18, 2017|last=Stracqualursi|first=Veronica|access-date=January 21, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121003555/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/01/18/the-symbolism-of-trumps-two-inaugural-bible-choices-from-lincoln-to-his-mother/|archive-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref> ==== Inaugural address ==== President Trump then delivered his 16-minute inaugural address of 1,433 words.<ref>Sean Rossman, [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/01/20/how-short-president-donald-trumps-speech/96830014/ How short was President Donald Trump's speech?] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170406022522/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2017/01/20/how-short-president-donald-trumps-speech/96830014/ |date=April 6, 2017 }}, ''[[USA Today]]'' (January 20, 2017).</ref> The speech was the shortest inaugural address since [[Jimmy Carter]]'s in [[Inauguration of Jimmy Carter|1977]].<ref name="Bierman">{{cite news |first=Noah |last=Bierman |url=https://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-trailguide-updates-donald-trump-delivers-short-populist-1484934128-htmlstory.html |title=Donald Trump delivers short, populist inaugural address |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129191554/http://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-trailguide-updates-donald-trump-delivers-short-populist-1484934128-htmlstory.html |archive-date=January 29, 2017 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=January 20, 2017}}</ref> In late December 2016, Trump told visitors that he was writing the first draft of his inaugural address, citing previous inauguration speeches by [[John F. Kennedy]] and [[Ronald Reagan]] as inspirations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/12/28/trump-tells-visitors-hes-drafting-his-inaugural-speech-with-reagan-and-kennedy-in-mind/|title=Trump tells visitors he's drafting his inaugural speech with Reagan and Kennedy in mind|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=January 29, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122045956/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/12/28/trump-tells-visitors-hes-drafting-his-inaugural-speech-with-reagan-and-kennedy-in-mind/|archive-date=January 22, 2017}}</ref> Trump "insisted publicly that he wrote his own speech,"<ref name="Calamur">Krishnadev Calamur, [https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/trump-america-first/514037/ A Short History of 'America First'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130094648/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/trump-america-first/514037/ |date=January 30, 2017 }}, ''[[The Atlantic]]'' (January 21, 2017).</ref> although ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' and others reported that it had been written by Trump senior aides [[Stephen Miller (political operative)|Stephen Miller]] and [[Steve Bannon]].<ref name="Calamur"/><ref name="BenderWSJ">{{citation |title=Donald Trump Strikes Nationalistic Tone in Inaugural Speech: Historians and speechwriters call the address one of the most ominous entrances ever, reinforcing familiar campaign themes of American decline |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=January 21, 2017 |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-strikes-nationalistic-tone-in-inaugural-speech-1484957527 |author=Michael C. Bender |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170310014741/https://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-strikes-nationalistic-tone-in-inaugural-speech-1484957527 |archive-date=March 10, 2017 }}</ref><ref>Shane Goldmacher, [http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/trump-miller-inauguration-speech-232967 Trump taps aide Stephen Miller to write inaugural address] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202023959/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/12/trump-miller-inauguration-speech-232967 |date=February 2, 2017 }}, ''[[Politico]]'' (December 26, 2016).</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/315464-bannon-miller-wrote-trumps-inauguration-address-report/|title=Miller and Bannon wrote Trump inaugural address: report|author=Max Greenwood|date=January 21, 2017|access-date=January 28, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126193550/http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/315464-bannon-miller-wrote-trumps-inauguration-address-report|archive-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref> The speech struck a tone that was both [[American nationalism|nationalist]] and [[Right-wing populism|populist]],<ref name="Bierman" /><ref name="BenderWSJ" /> with suggestions of [[Autocracy|absolutism]]<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Marietta|first1=Morgan|last2=Farley|first2=Tyler|last3=Cote|first3=Tyler|last4=Murphy|first4=Paul|date=July 2017|title=The Rhetorical Psychology of Trumpism: Threat, Absolutism, and the Absolutist Threat|url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/for.2017.15.issue-2/for-2017-0019/for-2017-0019.xml|journal=The Forum|volume=15|issue=2|pages=319|doi=10.1515/for-2017-0019|s2cid=148986197|access-date=February 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223055755/https://www.degruyter.com/view/j/for.2017.15.issue-2/for-2017-0019/for-2017-0019.xml|archive-date=February 23, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and distrust of [[democracy]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ivie|first=Robert L.|date=June 2017|title=Rhetorical Aftershocks of Trump's Ascendency: Salvation by Demolition and Deal Making|url=http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.desklight-11ca5677-0d3b-44b3-bd27-9d2f9abe11de|journal=Res Rhetorica|issue=2|pages=67|access-date=February 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180223051329/http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.desklight-11ca5677-0d3b-44b3-bd27-9d2f9abe11de|archive-date=February 23, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' described the address as "a truncated version of Trump's campaign rally addresses, absent specific policy and big on a sense of anger at what he defined as a ruling class that has raided America for its own benefit."<ref name="Bierman"/> Historians and speechwriters termed the inaugural address as "one of the most ominous" in U.S. history,<ref name="BenderWSJ"/> striking an unusually dark and bleak note.<ref name="Page">{{Cite web |last=Page |first=Susan |date=20 January 2017 |title=Analysis: Trump's short, dark and defiant inaugural address |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/20/donald-trump-president-inauguration-speech-analysis-defiant-address-and-political-revolt/96836152/ |access-date= |website=[[USA Today]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>Thomas Leeper, [http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2017/01/23/president-trumps-inaugural-address-experts-reactions/#One Remarkably pessimistic, remarkably despondent] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201141331/http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2017/01/23/president-trumps-inaugural-address-experts-reactions/ |date=February 1, 2017 }}, in ''President Trump's inaugural address: Expert reactions'', [[London School of Economics and Political Science]] (January 23, 2017).</ref><ref name="Graham">David A. Graham, [https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/trump-inaugural-speech-analysis/513956/ 'America First': Donald Trump's Populist Inaugural Address] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121003122/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/trump-inaugural-speech-analysis/513956/ |date=January 21, 2017 }}, ''[[The Atlantic]]'' (January 20, 2017): "President Donald Trump took office on Friday with an inaugural address that was striking for both its bleakness and its fiery, populist promises for a better future."</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Altman|first1=Alex|last2=Miller|first2=Zeke J.|title=The Same Trump From the Campaign Spoke at Inauguration|url=http://time.com/4641313/trump-inauguration-speech-analysis/|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403020158/http://time.com/4641313/trump-inauguration-speech-analysis/|archive-date=April 3, 2017}} (January 20, 2017)</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ivie|first=Robert L.|date=Winter 2017|title=Trump's Unwitting Prophecy|jstor=10.14321/rhetpublaffa.20.4.0707|journal=Rhetoric and Public Affairs|volume=20|issue=4|pages=707–718|doi=10.14321/rhetpublaffa.20.4.0707|s2cid=158881745}}</ref> Former U.S President [[George W. Bush]] reportedly referred to the speech as "some weird shit" after the ceremony concluded.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Palma|first1=Bethania|title=Did George W. Bush Describe President Trump's Inauguration as 'Some Weird Sh*t'?|url=http://www.snopes.com/2017/03/31/bush-trumps-inauguration-weird-sht/|website=Snopes|date=March 31, 2017 |access-date=April 2, 2017}} (March 31, 2017)</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Mortimer|first1=Caroline|title=George Bush on Trump inauguration: that was some weird s***|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/george-w-bush-donald-trump-inauguration-weird-shit-word-ceremony-us-president-a7657246.html|access-date=April 2, 2014|work=[[The Independent]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330155428/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/george-w-bush-donald-trump-inauguration-weird-shit-word-ceremony-us-president-a7657246.html|archive-date=March 30, 2017}} (March 30, 2017)</ref> Trump pledged to end what he referred to as "American carnage,"<ref>{{citation |url=http://globalnews.ca/news/3194820/donald-trump-inauguration-speech-and-transcript/ |title=Donald Trump's full inauguration speech and transcript |publisher=[[Global News]] |date=January 20, 2017 |access-date=January 28, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128155656/http://globalnews.ca/news/3194820/donald-trump-inauguration-speech-and-transcript/ |archive-date=January 28, 2017 }}</ref><ref name="WaPo">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-to-be-sworn-in-marking-a-transformative-shift-in-the-countrys-leadership/2017/01/20/954b9cac-de7d-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html|title=Donald Trump is sworn in as president, vows to end 'American carnage'|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|access-date=January 22, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122040205/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-to-be-sworn-in-marking-a-transformative-shift-in-the-countrys-leadership/2017/01/20/954b9cac-de7d-11e6-ad42-f3375f271c9c_story.html|archive-date=January 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2017/01/american-carnage|title=Donald Trump becomes America's 45th president|date=January 20, 2017|access-date=January 22, 2017|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121235051/http://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2017/01/american-carnage|archive-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref> depicting the United States in a [[dystopia]]n light—as a "land of abandoned factories, economic angst, rising crime"—while pledging "a new era in American politics."<ref name="Page"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Torpey|first=John|date=December 2017|title=The End of the World as We Know It?: American Exceptionalism in an Age of Disruption|journal=Sociological Forum|volume=32|issue=4|pages=701–725|doi=10.1111/socf.12372}}</ref> [[File:Obama hands over presidency to Trump at 58th Presidential Inauguration 170120-D-NA975-0960.jpg|thumb|[[Barack Obama]] with Donald Trump on Inauguration Day. [[Joe Biden]] stands behind Trump.|alt=]] Fact-checking organizations, such as [[FactCheck.org]], [[PolitiFact]], and ''[[The Washington Post]]''{{'}}s Fact Checker claimed that Trump's portrayal of the United States in decline "did not always match reality."<ref name="FactCheck">Eugene Kiely, Lori Robertson & Robert Farley, [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/20/fact-check-president-trump-inaugural-address/96836370/ Fact check: President Trump's inaugural address] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170515185857/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/20/fact-check-president-trump-inaugural-address/96836370/ |date=May 15, 2017 }}, [[FactCheck.org]], [[Annenberg Public Policy Center]] (January 20, 2017) (republished by ''[[USA Today]]'').</ref><ref name="PolitiFact">[http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2017/jan/20/donald-trumps-inaugural-address-fact-checked/ Fact-checking Donald Trump's inaugural address] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128071705/http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2017/jan/20/donald-trumps-inaugural-address-fact-checked/ |date=January 28, 2017 }}, ''[[PolitiFact]]'' (January 20, 2017).</ref><ref name="Kessler">[[Glenn Kessler (journalist)|Glenn Kessler]] & Michelle Ye Hee Lee, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/01/20/fact-checking-president-trumps-inaugural-address/ Fact-checking President Trump's inaugural address] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131015121/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2017/01/20/fact-checking-president-trumps-inaugural-address/ |date=January 31, 2017 }}, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (January 20, 2016).</ref> The fact-checking organizations noted, among other things, that the U.S. violent crime rate was far below its 1991 peak; that the U.S. economy had gained jobs for 75 consecutive months and that [[unemployment]] was significantly below its historical average; and participation in U.S. [[welfare]] programs had declined.<ref name="FactCheck"/><ref name="PolitiFact"/><ref name="Kessler"/> In the speech, Trump repeated his campaign-trail "[[America First (policy)|America First]]" slogan in reference to economic<ref name="WaPo"/><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Fidler|first=David P.|date=March 2017|title=President Trump, Trade Policy, and American Grand Strategy: From Common Advantage to Collective Carnage|url=http://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/aihlp12&i=4|journal=Asian Journal of WTO & International Health Law and Policy|volume=12|issue=1|pages=3–14|via=HeinOnline|access-date=January 29, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017043032/https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals%2Faihlp12&i=4|archive-date=October 17, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and foreign policy issues.<ref>[[Michael Crowley (journalist)|Michael Crowley]], [http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/2017-trump-inauguration-foreign-policy-reaction-233924 Foreign policy experts fret over Trump's America First approach] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202151350/http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/2017-trump-inauguration-foreign-policy-reaction-233924 |date=February 2, 2017 }}, ''[[Politico]]'' (January 20, 2017).</ref> Trump's use of the phrase was controversial because of the slogan's association with U.S. [[Isolationism|isolationists]] who had opposed American entry in [[World War II]].<ref name="Graham"/><ref name="WaPo"/> Trump's decision "not to make a strong case for the role of American power in shaping the outside world was a departure from the inaugural addresses of recent Republican presidents from Ronald Reagan to George W. Bush," and represented "a sharp break with the internationalist vision of nearly every U.S. president of the past 100 years that troubled veteran foreign policy experts."<ref name="CrowleyAmericaFirst">Michael Crowley, [http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/2017-trump-inauguration-foreign-policy-reaction-233924 Foreign policy experts fret over Trump's America First approach] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202151350/http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/2017-trump-inauguration-foreign-policy-reaction-233924 |date=February 2, 2017 }}, ''[[Politico]]'' (January 20, 2017).</ref> Nevertheless, Trump's themes on foreign policy appealed "to many Americans as well as to critics of Washington's bipartisan foreign policy establishment."<ref name="CrowleyAmericaFirst"/> ==== Benedictions ==== Three religious leaders delivered [[benediction]]s following Trump's speech, bringing the total number of [[Prayers at United States presidential inaugurations|prayers]] during the ceremony to six, a record number. Reverend [[Franklin Graham]]; Cardinal [[Timothy M. Dolan]], [[Archbishop of New York]]; Reverend Dr. [[Samuel Rodriguez]]; Pastor [[Paula White]]; Rabbi [[Marvin Hier]]; and Bishop Wayne T. Jackson gave the benedictions.<ref name="auto" /> [[Jackie Evancho]] concluded the ceremony with a performance of the [[The Star-Spangled Banner|U.S. national anthem]].<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/inauguration/7662486/jackie-evancho-national-anthem-performance-donald-trump-inauguration-video|title=Watch Jackie Evancho Deliver the National Anthem at Donald Trump's Inauguration|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|date=January 20, 2016|access-date=January 21, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121101923/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/inauguration/7662486/jackie-evancho-national-anthem-performance-donald-trump-inauguration-video|archive-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref> === Post-ceremony events === After the inaugural ceremony, President Trump, First Lady Melania Trump, Vice President Mike Pence and Second Lady Karen Pence escorted former president Barack Obama and former first lady Michelle Obama to a departure ceremony on the east side of the U.S. Capitol. The Trumps exchanged remarks and bid farewell to the Obamas at the base of the helicopter that would transport them to [[Joint Base Andrews]], and then returned to the steps of the Capitol building where they waved as the Obamas' helicopter took off. Meanwhile, the Bidens took a limousine to [[Union Station (Washington, D.C.)|Union Station]] where they boarded a train for [[Wilmington, Delaware]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Fishman|first=Margie|date=January 20, 2017|title=Joe Biden leaves D.C. on -- what else? -- Amtrak|work=The (Wilmington, Del.) News Journal|url=https://www.delawareonline.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/20/biden-returns-delaware-amtrak-inauguration/96840088/|access-date=June 26, 2021}}</ref> Before the luncheon and in keeping with tradition, President Trump signed his first presidential orders in the [[President's Room]] at the Capitol,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/2017/live-updates/politics/live-coverage-of-trumps-inauguration/trump-signs-documents-to-formalize-his-new-role/ |title=Trump signs documents to formalize his new role |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 20, 2017 |author=Hedgpeth, Dana |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120205105/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/2017/live-updates/politics/live-coverage-of-trumps-inauguration/trump-signs-documents-to-formalize-his-new-role/ |archive-date=January 20, 2017 }}</ref> and then signed the guest book for the luncheon. [[File:58th Presidential Inauguration Marianique Santos 21.jpg|left|thumb|President and Mrs. Trump bidding farewell to former president and Mrs. Obama on the East Front of the U.S. Capitol]] Next, Trump signed orders to officially present the nominations for his [[United States Cabinet|Cabinet]] and several sub‑Cabinet officials to the [[United States Senate|Senate]] for [[List of positions filled by presidential appointment with Senate confirmation|confirmation]].<ref name="signing">{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/donald-trump-first-law-actions/ |title=President Donald Trump signs first bill into law |author=Kopan, Tal |work=[[CNN]]|access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 20, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123063737/http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/20/politics/donald-trump-first-law-actions |archive-date=January 23, 2017 }}</ref> His first bill that he signed into law was a waiver of the [[National Security Act of 1947]] granted to him that allowed the nomination of retired general [[James Mattis]] to be nominated for the position of [[United States Secretary of Defense|United States secretary of defense]].<ref name="dlamothe1">{{cite news|last1=Lamothe|first1=Dan|title=Trump has chosen retired Marine Gen. James Mattis for secretary of defense|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-has-chosen-retired-marine-gen-james-mattis-for-secretary-of-defense/2016/12/01/6c6b3b74-aff9-11e6-be1c-8cec35b1ad25_story.html|access-date=December 1, 2016|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=December 1, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201214008/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-has-chosen-retired-marine-gen-james-mattis-for-secretary-of-defense/2016/12/01/6c6b3b74-aff9-11e6-be1c-8cec35b1ad25_story.html|archive-date=December 1, 2016}}</ref> The National Security Act of 1947 requires a seven-year waiting period before retired military personnel can assume the role of Secretary of Defense.<ref name="dlamothe1" /> Mattis became only the second secretary of defense to receive such a waiver, following [[George Marshall]], who served under President [[Harry S. Truman]].<ref name="dlamothe1" /> Following in tradition, Trump used various commemorative pens to sign the Cabinet nominations, and distributed them among the lawmakers and guests that had gathered. The pens are traditionally given as a gift to politicians or individuals touched by the action, or were instrumental in its implementation.<ref name="signing" /> Trump also signed a proclamation declaring his inauguration a National Day of Patriotic Devotion.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/what-does-trumps-day-of-patriotic-devotion-really-mean/514196/|title=What Does Trump's 'Day of Patriotic Devotion' Really Mean?|first=Andrew|last=McGill|work=[[The Atlantic]]|publisher=[[Atlantic Media]]|date=January 23, 2017|access-date=February 6, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207113125/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/01/what-does-trumps-day-of-patriotic-devotion-really-mean/514196/|archive-date=February 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/23/trump-declares-national-day-of-patriotic-devotionbut-you-already-missed-it.html|title=Trump declares National Day of Patriotic Devotion...but you already missed it|first=Christine|last=Wang|work=[[CNBC]]|publisher=[[NBCUniversal]]|location=[[Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey]]|date=January 23, 2017|access-date=February 6, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206024918/http://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/23/trump-declares-national-day-of-patriotic-devotionbut-you-already-missed-it.html|archive-date=February 6, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/01/24/2017-01798/national-day-of-patriotic-devotion|title=National Day of Patriotic Devotion, 2017 Proclamation|work=[[Federal Register]]|publisher=[[National Archives and Records Administration]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|language=en|date=January 20, 2017|access-date=February 6, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031259/https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2017/01/24/2017-01798/national-day-of-patriotic-devotion|archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref> In this he followed Barack Obama, who [[First inauguration of Barack Obama#Post-ceremony traditions|declared his]] a National Day of Renewal and Reconciliation,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/01/23/trump-names-his-inauguration-day-a-national-day-of-patriotic-devotion/|title=Trump names his Inauguration Day a 'National Day of Patriotic Devotion'|first=Amy|last=Phillip|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|date=January 23, 2017|access-date=February 6, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170208061646/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/01/23/trump-names-his-inauguration-day-a-national-day-of-patriotic-devotion/|archive-date=February 8, 2017}}</ref> and previous declarations of periods of patriotism by such former presidents as [[Jimmy Carter]] and [[Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="timesign">{{cite magazine |url=http://time.com/4641112/trump-patriotism-day-history/ |title=Donald Trump's National Celebration of Patriotism Won't Be the First |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 20, 2017 |author=Rothman, Lily |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123061525/http://time.com/4641112/trump-patriotism-day-history/ |archive-date=January 23, 2017 }}</ref> Trump was accompanied at the signing ceremony by his wife, and children, and several of his grandchildren, as well as the chairs of the Joint Congressional Inauguration Committee, including senators Roy Blunt, Mitch McConnell and Chuck Schumer, and Congressional leaders Paul Ryan, Kevin McCarthy and Nancy Pelosi.<ref name="timesign" /> During the ceremony, the lawmakers joked with President Trump, he handed pens to participants (e.g. [[Elaine Chao]]'s nomination pen to [[Nancy Pelosi]], Trump stating, because "they were both women") and then traded pens in an offer to give, not as an ask to receive ([[Nancy Pelosi]] gave Elaine Chao's nomination pen to Chao's husband, [[Mitch McConnell]]).<ref name="timesign" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UXYMPTdC40|title=Donald Trump inauguration day|last=[[The Guardian|Guardian Wires]]|date=January 21, 2017|access-date=February 2, 2017|via=YouTube|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202150430/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UXYMPTdC40|archive-date=February 2, 2017}} ([[Press pool|Press]] [[Pool feed]])</ref> The Trumps and Pences then attended an inaugural luncheon at the U.S. Capitol before traveling from there to the presidential reviewing stand at the White House to watch the parade.<ref name="menu" /><ref name="parade" /> [[File:Trump first day as President.jpg|thumb|President Trump signing his first official orders as president, including nominating his Cabinet]] === Luncheon === The Trumps and Pences joined several congressional guests for the inaugural luncheon in [[National Statuary Hall]] at the U.S. Capitol. Guests included top Washington lawmakers as well as former presidents and vice presidents. During his formal address at the lunch, Trump asked those in attendance to give [[Hillary Clinton]], one of his opponents during the [[2016 United States presidential election|2016 election]], a standing ovation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rollcall.com/news/hoh/statuary-lunch-hall-model-make-nice-decorum|title=Statuary Lunch Hall a Model of Make-Nice Decorum|work=Roll Call|date=January 20, 2017|access-date=January 21, 2017|first=John T.|last=Bennett|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170129015838/http://www.rollcall.com/news/hoh/statuary-lunch-hall-model-make-nice-decorum|archive-date=January 29, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://qz.com/888791/trump-and-pence-are-receiving-official-inauguration-gifts-from-the-american-people/|title=Trump and Pence are receiving official inauguration gifts from 'the American people'|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]|date=January 20, 2017|access-date=January 21, 2017|first=Zameena|last=Mejia|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170130071529/https://qz.com/888791/trump-and-pence-are-receiving-official-inauguration-gifts-from-the-american-people/|archive-date=January 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/2017-trump-inauguration-clintons-233929|title=Hillary Clinton gets standing ovation at Trump luncheon|work=[[Politico]]|date=January 20, 2017|access-date=January 21, 2017|first=Louis|last=Nelson|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120232722/http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/2017-trump-inauguration-clintons-233929|archive-date=January 20, 2017}}</ref> A luncheon at the U.S. Capitol has been part of the inaugural program since 1953 (before that time, the luncheon was usually held at the White House and hosted by the outgoing president and first lady). The menu for the 2017 inaugural luncheon, which in the past has often featured dishes representative of the home states of the new president and vice president, included more traditional dishes from around the country.<ref name="menu">{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/17/politics/trump-inaugural-lunch-menu/ |title=Here's Donald Trump's inaugural lunch menu |work=[[CNN]]|access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 17, 2017 |author=Mueller, Eleanor |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121114047/http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/17/politics/trump-inaugural-lunch-menu/ |archive-date=January 21, 2017 }}</ref> The first course consisted of [[Maine lobster]] and Gulf shrimp with saffron sauce and peanut crumble, accompanied by a [[J. Lohr Vineyards and Wines|J. Lohr]] 2013 Arroyo Vista [[Chardonnay]].<ref name="menu" /> The second dish contained Seven Hills [[Angus beef]] in dark chocolate and [[juniper]] jus with potato gratin, served with a Napa Valley [[Cabernet Sauvignon]], and dessert included a chocolate [[soufflé]] and cherry vanilla ice cream with [[Korbel Champagne Cellars|Korbel California champagne]].<ref name="menu" /> Since 1985, a painting has served as a backdrop for the head table. For the 2017 inaugural luncheon, the featured painting was [[George Caleb Bingham]]'s ''[[The Verdict of the People]]'', which depicts a Missouri town and its citizens both celebrating and mourning the election victory of what historians say was a likely [[proslavery]] candidate.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/donald-trump-will-eat-his-inaugural-lunch-in-front-of-an-image-of-slavery/2017/01/13/961a31e0-d76e-11e6-b8b2-cb5164beba6b_story.html |title=The controversy behind the painting that will hang at Trump's inaugural luncheon |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 13, 2017 |author=Kennicott, Philip |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170122160543/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/donald-trump-will-eat-his-inaugural-lunch-in-front-of-an-image-of-slavery/2017/01/13/961a31e0-d76e-11e6-b8b2-cb5164beba6b_story.html |archive-date=January 22, 2017 }}</ref> === Parade === [[File:Inaugural parade Donald Trump and Melania Trump 01-20-17.jpg|thumb|President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump walking the parade route on Pennsylvania Avenue]] Following the luncheon, Trump, Pence, and their wives reviewed an [[honor guard]] of troops at the East Front of the U.S. Capitol before beginning the parade.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?422295-1/president-trump-reviews-troops-east-front-capitol |title=Presidential Review of Honor Guard |publisher=[[C-SPAN]] |date=January 20, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202020708/https://www.c-span.org/video/?422295-1%2Fpresident-trump-reviews-troops-east-front-capitol |archive-date=February 2, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Michael |last=Heiman |url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2017/01/20/cusp-trump-presidency/MR7Dg8uMaodt5AZ54rGadJ/story.html |title=Photo: Trump, with first lady Melania, Maj. Gen. Bradley Becker, Vice President Mike Pence and his wife Karen review troops on the East Front of the U.S. Capitol |work=[[The Boston Globe]] |agency=[[Getty Images]] |date=January 20, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126072402/http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2017/01/20/cusp-trump-presidency/MR7Dg8uMaodt5AZ54rGadJ/story.html |archive-date=January 26, 2017 }}</ref> The inaugural parade route ran along [[Pennsylvania Avenue (Washington, D.C.)|Pennsylvania Avenue]], [[Northwest, Washington, D.C.|NW]] from the U.S. Capitol, ending at the north face of the White House.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dc.about.com/od/specialevents/a/InaugParade.htm |title=Inaugural Parade 2017 |publisher=About.com |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 20, 2017 |author=Cooper, Rachel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126111026/http://dc.about.com/od/specialevents/a/InaugParade.htm |archive-date=January 26, 2017 }}</ref> During most of the parade, President Trump and First Lady Melania Trump traveled in the armored [[Presidential state car (United States)|limousine]] used by the president because of potential security threats. The president and first lady exited their limousine twice, walking on Pennsylvania Avenue for portions of the parade,<ref name="parade">{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/donald-trump-inauguration |title=Trump Hops Out of Car a Second Time -- But Not in Front of His Hotel |newspaper=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 20, 2017 |author=Paletta, Damian |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123015101/http://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/donald-trump-inauguration |archive-date=January 23, 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmQew6CSrU8|title=President Donald Trump walks parade route on Inauguration Day 2017|last=PBS NewsHour|date=January 20, 2017|access-date=February 2, 2017|via=YouTube|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126190121/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gmQew6CSrU8|archive-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfeGlHY32q8|title=President Donald Trump walks parade route on Inauguration Day 2017|work=[[CNN]]|date=January 24, 2017|access-date=February 2, 2017|via=YouTube|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909153808/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfeGlHY32q8|archive-date=September 9, 2017}}</ref> a longstanding custom.<ref>{{cite web |first=Christine |last=Hauser |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/19/us/trump-inaugural-parade-walk.html |title=The Inaugural Parade, and the Presidents Who Walked It |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 19, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123171705/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/19/us/trump-inaugural-parade-walk.html |archive-date=January 23, 2017 }}</ref> Vice President Pence and his wife Karen walked the parade route at several points with their children as well.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/20/day-one-mike-pence-americas-new-vice-president/96851000/ |title=Day 1 for Mike Pence, America's new vice president |work=The Indianapolis Star |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 20, 2017 |author=Cook, Tony |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909153810/http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2017/01/20/day-one-mike-pence-americas-new-vice-president/96851000/ |archive-date=September 9, 2017 }}</ref> The parade lasted approximately two hours during the afternoon and early evening following the inaugural ceremony.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mic.com/articles/166054/how-long-will-trump-s-presidential-inauguration-last-start-end-time-for-friday-s-events |title=How long will Trump's presidential inauguration last? Start, end time for Friday's events |publisher=Mic.com |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 20, 2017 |author=Tilford, Julia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120104119/https://mic.com/articles/166054/how-long-will-trump-s-presidential-inauguration-last-start-end-time-for-friday-s-events |archive-date=January 20, 2017 |url-status=live }}</ref> Parade participants included more than 8,000 people,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/donald-trump-administration/2016/12/inauguration-parade-lineup-233064 |title=Trump's inaugural parade lineup announced |work=[[Politico]]|access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=December 30, 2016 |author=McCaskill, Nolan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125154954/http://www.politico.com/blogs/donald-trump-administration/2016/12/inauguration-parade-lineup-233064 |archive-date=January 25, 2017 }}</ref> "representing forty organizations including high school and university marching bands, equestrian corps, first responders, and veterans groups," according to the Joint Congressional Inauguration Committee.<ref name="parader">{{cite web |url=https://www.58pic2017.org/press-releases/presidential-inaugural-committee-announces-inaugural-parade-participant-lin |title=Presidential Inaugural Committee Announces Inaugural Parade Participant Lineup |publisher=Joint Congressional Inauguration Committee |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=December 30, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120045825/https://www.58pic2017.org/press-releases/presidential-inaugural-committee-announces-inaugural-parade-participant-lin |archive-date=January 20, 2017 }}</ref> Each branch of the United States military was also represented.<ref name="parader" /> Vice President Mike Pence invited several groups from Indiana to march in the parade in the Indiana section, including the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department Drill Team, the [[Culver Military Academy]], and the [[Columbus North High School]] marching band from Pence's native [[Columbus, Indiana]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fox59.com/2017/01/20/video-three-indiana-groups-perform-in-inaugural-parade/ |title=Three Indiana groups perform in Inaugural Parade |publisher=[[Fox News]] |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 20, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121212009/http://fox59.com/2017/01/20/video-three-indiana-groups-perform-in-inaugural-parade/ |archive-date=January 21, 2017 }}</ref> Shortly after the parade, Trump went to the [[Oval Office]] to sign his first executive orders as president, including an order to start the process of dismantling the [[Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act|Affordable Care Act]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-executiveorder-idUSKBN155010|title=Trump, in Oval Office, signs first order on Obamacare|work=[[Reuters]]|date=January 21, 2017|access-date=January 21, 2017|first1=Jeff|last1=Mason|first2=Roberta|last2=Rampton|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121013753/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-executiveorder-idUSKBN155010|archive-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/trump-inauguration-five-things-to-watch-233885|title=Trump sworn in as 45th president|work=[[Politico]]|date=January 20, 2017|access-date=January 21, 2017|first1=Louis|last1=Nelson|first2=Madeline|last2=Conway|first3=Eli|last3=Stokols|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121003902/http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/trump-inauguration-five-things-to-watch-233885|archive-date=January 21, 2017}}</ref> === Inaugural balls === [[File:Donald Trump and Melania Trump at Liberty Ball Inauguration 2017.jpg|thumb|upright|The President and First Lady at the Liberty Ball on the evening of the inauguration]] President Donald Trump and First Lady Melania Trump attended three official [[United States presidential inaugural balls|inaugural balls]] during the evening of January 20, 2017,<ref name="auto1" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/01/21/510917522/photos-trump-ends-inauguration-day-his-way-with-dances-at-3-balls|title=PHOTOS: Trump Ends Inauguration Day His Way, With Dances At 3 Balls|website=[[NPR]]|date=January 21, 2017 |access-date=January 22, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121232857/http://www.npr.org/2017/01/21/510917522/photos-trump-ends-inauguration-day-his-way-with-dances-at-3-balls|archive-date=January 21, 2017|last1=Doubek |first1=James }}</ref> titled "Liberty and Freedom: The Official Presidential Inaugural Balls."<ref name="edition">{{cite web |url=http://www.insideedition.com/headlines/21152-trumps-to-dance-to-frank-sinatras-my-way-at-inaugural-ball-despite-controversy |title=Trumps to Dance to Frank Sinatra's 'My Way' at Inaugural Ball Despite Controversy |work=Inside Edition |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 20, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123182120/http://www.insideedition.com/headlines/21152-trumps-to-dance-to-frank-sinatras-my-way-at-inaugural-ball-despite-controversy |archive-date=January 23, 2017 }}</ref> Donald Trump wore a classic black tuxedo, with a white button up shirt, and a black bow tie, in keeping with tradition.<ref name="us">{{cite web |url=http://www.usmagazine.com/stylish/news/see-melania-ivanka-trumps-inaugural-ball-dresses-photos-w462272 |title=All the Details on Melania Trump's Inaugural Ball Dress |work=Us Magazine |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 20, 2017 |author=Walano, Rose |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123182138/http://www.usmagazine.com/stylish/news/see-melania-ivanka-trumps-inaugural-ball-dresses-photos-w462272 |archive-date=January 23, 2017 }}</ref> Melania Trump wore a white, off-the-shoulder, sleeveless gown designed by French-American fashion designer [[Hervé Pierre (designer)|Hervé Pierre]].<ref name="wwd">{{cite web |author=Foley, Bridget |date=January 20, 2017 |url=http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/melania-trump-wears-herve-pierre-to-inaugural-balls-10760356/ |title=Melania Trump Wears Hervé Pierre to Inaugural Balls |work=Women's Wear Daily |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123015456/http://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-features/melania-trump-wears-herve-pierre-to-inaugural-balls-10760356/ |archive-date=January 23, 2017 }}</ref> Pierre has also designed dresses for first ladies [[Laura Bush]], [[Hillary Clinton]] and [[Michelle Obama]], and he has been styling for Melania Trump for several years.<ref name="wwd" /> The dress featured a front slit, a ruffled accent and a thin red belt to cinch the waist.<ref name="us" /> The Liberty Ball, one of two official balls held at the [[Walter E. Washington Convention Center]], was the first stop of the evening for the president and first lady. The Trumps danced to their first song, which was chosen to be "[[My Way]]" by [[Frank Sinatra]], and was performed by [[Erin Boheme]], an American jazz singer.<ref name="edition" /><ref name="us" /> In an attempt to allow more access to the inaugural balls, the Presidential Inauguration Committee announced that they intended to make the inaugural balls the most affordable in recent history, offering $50 tickets to either the Liberty or Freedom Balls.<ref name="ballinfo">{{cite web |url=https://www.58pic2017.org/press-releases/pic-announces-inaugural-ball-information |title=PIC Announces Inaugural Ball Information |publisher=Presidential Inauguration Committee |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 17, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119203510/https://www.58pic2017.org/press-releases/pic-announces-inaugural-ball-information |archive-date=January 19, 2017 }}</ref> The second ball that the Trumps attended was the Freedom Ball, also held at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center, and also featured a first dance to "My Way", as with the Liberty Ball.<ref name="us" /> [[File:Armed Services Ball 01-20-17.jpg|left|thumb|The President, First Lady, Vice President and Second Lady dancing with service members at the Armed Services Ball]] The third ball that the president and first lady attended was the Salute To Our Armed Services Ball, which took place at the [[National Building Museum]]. The ball was by invitation only, with free tickets being provided to "active duty and reserve military, [[Medal of Honor]] recipients, wounded warriors, military families, veterans, and first responders," according to the Presidential Inauguration Committee.<ref name="ballinfo" /> At the beginning of the ball, Trump and his wife, Melania, addressed the crowd of gathered service members, and then spoke via satellite with active duty soldiers in [[Bagram Airfield]], [[Afghanistan]].<ref name="defensegov">{{cite web |url=https://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/1055973/trump-honors-service-members-at-military-ball |title=Trump Honors Service Members at Military Ball |author=Ferdinando, Lisa |publisher=US Department of Defense |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 20, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128053047/https://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/1055973/trump-honors-service-members-at-military-ball |archive-date=January 28, 2017 }}</ref> Trump thanked the active duty soldiers for the congratulations on his inauguration as [[Commander-in-chief#United States|Commander-in-chief]].<ref name="defensegov" /> [[Tony Orlando]] and the Josh Weathers Band performed at the Armed Services Ball.<ref name="defensegov" /> It is tradition for the president and first lady, and the vice president and second lady, to dance with military service members during the Armed Services Ball. Sgt. Angel Rodriguez, who danced with Second Lady Karen Pence, drew attention for his dancing style, spinning the Second Lady, which provoked playful laughter from Tiffany and Eric Trump.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chicagoinc/ct-east-chicago-marine-karen-pence-0122-chicago-inc-20170121-story.html |title=East Chicago Marine who danced at D.C. ball: I survived Chicago shooting |work=Chicago Tribune |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 21, 2017 |author=Janssen, Kim |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123003541/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/chicagoinc/ct-east-chicago-marine-karen-pence-0122-chicago-inc-20170121-story.html |archive-date=January 23, 2017 }}</ref> === Prayer service === [[File:President Donald J. Trump at National Prayer Service (cropped).jpg|thumb|President and Mrs. Trump arriving at Washington National Cathedral for the national prayer service]] On January 21, President Trump, First Lady Melania Trump, Vice President Pence and Second Lady Karen Pence gathered at the [[Washington National Cathedral]] for a national day of prayer,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/21/politics/trump-presidency-day-two/ |title=On Day Two, Trump prayed, met the CIA and attacked the press |author=Collinson, Stephen |work=CNN|date=January 21, 2017 |access-date=January 23, 2017 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123143712/http://www.cnn.com/2017/01/21/politics/trump-presidency-day-two |archive-date=January 23, 2017 }}</ref> a tradition dating back to the first president, [[George Washington]].<ref name="voa" /> Among the parishioners were more than two dozen religious leaders from a variety of different faiths.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/president-donald-trump-attend-national-prayer-service/story?id=44941276 |title=President Trump Attends Service at National Cathedral |work=[[ABC News]] |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 21, 2017 |author=Stracqualursi, Veronica |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123004011/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/president-donald-trump-attend-national-prayer-service/story?id=44941276 |archive-date=January 23, 2017 }}</ref> [[Marlana VanHoose]], a 20-year-old vocalist who was born with [[cytomegalovirus]], performed at the ceremony, singing "[[How Great Thou Art]]".<ref name="marlana">{{cite web |url=http://www.christianpost.com/news/melania-trump-leads-standing-ovation-for-blind-singer-at-national-prayer-service-173305/ |title=Melania Trump Leads Standing Ovation for Blind Singer at National Prayer Service |work=The Christian Post |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 21, 2017 |author=Showalter, Brandon |url-status=live |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20170122213704/http://www.christianpost.com/news/melania-trump-leads-standing-ovation-for-blind-singer-at-national-prayer-service-173305/ |archive-date=January 22, 2017 }}</ref> Melania Trump was visibly emotional during the performance, and led a standing ovation for her after she finished performing.<ref name="marlana" /> The service began with call to prayer by the Reverend Rosemarie Duncan, Mikhail Manevich, a Jewish [[cantor]], and Mohamed Magid, a Muslim imam.<ref name="voa">{{cite web |url=http://www.voanews.com/a/trump-pence-national-prayer-service-seeking-reconciliation/3686715.html |title=Trump, Pence Attend National Prayer Service Stressing Reconciliation |publisher=VOA News |access-date=January 23, 2017 |date=January 21, 2017 |author=Diallo, Mariama |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170124191328/http://www.voanews.com/a/trump-pence-national-prayer-service-seeking-reconciliation/3686715.html |archive-date=January 24, 2017 }}</ref> The clergy spoke of both compassion and diversity.<ref name="voa" /> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. 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