Filioque

=== Third Ecumenical Council ===
{{Further|Council of Ephesus}}
The third Ecumenical council, Ephesus I (431), quoted the creed in its 325 form, not in that of 381,{{sfn|Percival|1900|p=[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.x.xvi.x.html 231b]}} decreed in Ephesus I canon 7 that:{{blockquote|{{interp| |orig=When these things had been read, the holy Synod decreed that}} it is unlawful {{interp| |orig=for any man}} to bring forward, or to write, or to compose a different {{interp| |orig=({{lang|grc|ἑτέραν}}).}} Faith as a rival to that established by the {{interp| |orig=holy}} Fathers assembled {{interp| |orig=with the Holy Ghost}} in Nicæa. {{interp| |orig=But}} those who {{interp| |orig=shall dare to}} compose a different faith, or to introduce or offer it to persons desiring to turn to the acknowledgment of the truth, whether from Heathenism or from Judaism, or from any heresy whatsoever, shall be deposed, if they be bishops or clergymen; {{interp| |orig=bishops from the episcopate and clergymen from the clergy;}} and if they be laymen, they shall be anathematized. {{interp| |orig=And in like manner, if any, whether bishops, clergymen, or laymen, should be discovered to hold or teach the doctrines contained in the Exposition introduced by the Presbyter Charisius concerning the Incarnation of the Only-Begotten Son of God, or the abominable and profane doctrines of Nestorius, which are subjoined, they shall be subjected to the sentence of this holy and ecumenical Synod. So that, if it be a bishop, he shall be removed from his bishopric and degraded; if it be a clergyman, he shall likewise be stricken from the clergy; and if it be a layman, he shall be anathematized, as has been afore said.}}{{sfn|Percival|1900|p=[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.x.xvi.x.html 231b]}}{{efn|Ephesus I canon 7 was translated into English in the late 19th century in {{harvtxt|Percival|1900|pp=231–234}} and translated in the late 20th century in {{harvtxt|Tanner|1990|pp=[http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG0835/_P12.HTM 65–66]}}}}}}

Ephesus I canon 7 was cited at the [[Second Council of Ephesus]] (449) and at the [[Council of Chalcedon]] (451), and was echoed in the Chalcedon definition.{{sfn|Price|Gaddis|2005|pp=8, 111}} This account in the 2005 publication concerning the citing by Eutyches of Ephesus I canon 7 in his defence was confirmed by Stephen H. Webb in his 2011 book ''Jesus Christ, Eternal God''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Webb|first=Stephen H.|year=2011|title=Jesus Christ, eternal God : heavenly flesh and the metaphysics of matter|location=Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19982795-4|page=314|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C6gdEqy6ICwC&pg=PA314}}</ref>{{Relevance inline|sentence|date=November 2015}}

Ephesus I canon 7, against additions to the Creed of Nicaea, is used as a polemic against the addition of {{lang|la|Filioque}} to the [[Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed]],{{sfn|Hopko|n.d.(b)|loc="[http://oca.org/orthodoxy/the-orthodox-faith/bible-history/church-history/fifth-century Fifth Century]"}}<ref>{{cite web|last=Bonocore|first=Mark|date=12 December 2006|title=Filioque: a response to Eastern Orthodox objections|website=catholic-legate.com|location=Ottawa, CA|publisher=Catholic Legate|url=http://www.catholic-legate.com/articles/filioque.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070707163502/http://www.catholic-legate.com/articles/filioque.html|archive-date=7 July 2007|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Self-published source|date=November 2015}} In any case, while Ephesus I canon 7 forbade setting up a different creed as a rival to that of Nicaea I, it was the creed attributed to Constantinople I that was adopted liturgically in the East and later a Latin variant was adopted in the West. The form of this creed that the West adopted had two additions: "God from God" ({{lang|la|Deum de Deo}}) and "and the Son" ({{lang|la|Filioque}}).{{sfn|Nichols|2010|p=254}} Strictly speaking, Ephesus I canon 7 applies "only to the formula to be used in the reception of converts."{{sfn|Price|Gaddis|2005|p=323}}

[[Philippe Labbe]] remarked that Ephesus I canons 7 and 8 are omitted in some collections of canons and that the collection of [[Dionysius Exiguus]] omitted all the Ephesus I canons, apparently considered that they did not concern the Church as a whole.{{sfn|Percival|1900|p=[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.x.xvi.ix.html 231a]}}