Fallen angel

=== Early Christianity ===
During the period immediately before the rise of Christianity, the intercourse between the Watchers and human women was often seen as the first fall of the angels.<ref>Gregory A. Boyd, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Hj791_BeAF0C&q=first+fall&pg=PA138 God at War: The Bible & Spiritual Conflict]'', InterVarsity Press 1997 {{ISBN|978-0-8308-1885-3}}, p. 138</ref> Christianity stuck to the Enochian writings at least until the third century.<ref name="Patricia Crone p. 4" /> Many [[Church Father]]s such as [[Irenaeus]], [[Justin Martyr]], [[Clement of Alexandria]] and [[Lactantius]]<ref name="Reed 2005 14, 15">{{harvnb|Reed|2005|pp=14, 15}}</ref><ref>Annette Yoshiko Reed ''Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature'' Cambridge University Press 2005 {{ISBN|978-0-521-85378-1}} p. 149</ref> accepted the association of the angelic descent to the sons of God passage in Genesis 6:1–4.<ref name="Reed 2005 14, 15" /> However, some [[Christian monasticism|ascetics]], such as Origen ({{Circa|184|253}}),<ref>David L Bradnick ''Evil, Spirits, and Possession: An Emergentist Theology of the Demonic'' Brill 2017 {{ISBN|978-90-04-35061-8}} p. 30</ref> rejected this interpretation. According to the Church Fathers who rejected the doctrine by Origen, these angels were guilty of having transgressed the limits of their nature and of desiring to leave their heavenly abode to experience sensual experiences.<ref>Annette Yoshiko Reed ''Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature'' Cambridge University Press 2005 {{ISBN|978-0-521-85378-1}} p. 163</ref> Irenaeus referred to fallen angels as [[apostates]], who will be punished by an everlasting fire. Justin Martyr ({{Circa|100|165}}) identified pagan deities as fallen angels or their demonic offspring in disguise. Justin also held them responsible for Christian persecution during the first centuries.<ref>Annette Yoshiko Reed ''Fallen Angels and the History of Judaism and Christianity: The Reception of Enochic Literature'' Cambridge University Press 2005 {{ISBN|978-0-521-85378-1}} p. 162</ref> [[Tertullian]] and Origen also referred to fallen angels as teachers of [[astrology]].<ref>Tim Hegedus ''Early Christianity and Ancient Astrology'' Peter Lang 2007 {{ISBN|978-0-8204-7257-7}} p. 127</ref>

The Babylonian king, who is described as a fallen "morning star" in Isaiah 14:1–17, was probably the first time identified with a fallen angel by Origen.<ref>Jeffrey Burton Russell ''Satan: The Early Christian Tradition'' Cornell University Press 1987 {{ISBN|978-0-8014-9413-0}} p. 130</ref><ref>Philip C. Almond ''The Devil: A New Biography'' I.B.Tauris 2014 {{ISBN|978-0-85773-488-4}} p. 42</ref> This description was interpreted typologically both as an angel and a human king. The image of the fallen morning star or angel was thereby applied to Satan by early Christian writers,<ref>{{harvnb|Charlesworth|2010|p=149}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Schwartz|2004|p=108}}</ref> following the equation of Lucifer to Satan in the pre-Christian century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/10177-lucifer |title=Lucifer |publisher=Jewish Encyclopedia |access-date=2014-03-11}}</ref>