Council of Chalcedon

===The status of Jerusalem===
{{see also|Jerusalem in Christianity}}
The metropolitan of Jerusalem was given independence from the [[Patriarch of Antioch|metropolitan of Antioch]] and from any other higher-ranking bishop, given what is now known as [[autocephaly]], in the council's seventh session whose "Decree on the Jurisdiction of Jerusalem and Antioch" contains: "the bishop of Jerusalem, or rather the most holy Church which is under him, shall have under his own power the three Palestines".<ref name= SevenCouncils /> This led to Jerusalem becoming a [[patriarch]]ate, one of the five patriarchates known as the [[pentarchy]], when the title of "patriarch" was created in 531 by [[Justinian]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.homolaicus.com/storia/medioevo/pentarchia/pentarchia.htm |title=L'idea di pentarchia nella cristianità|work= Homo laicus}}</ref> The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, s.v. ''patriarch (ecclesiastical)'', also calls it "a title dating from the 6th century, for the bishops of the five great sees of Christendom". Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions,<ref>{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ZP_f9icf2roC |title= Encyclopedia of World Religions |publisher= Merriam-Webster |access-date= 2016-11-01 |isbn=978-0-87779044-0 |year=1999}}</ref> says: "Five patriarchates, collectively called the pentarchy, were the first to be recognized by the legislation of the emperor Justinian (reigned 527–565)".