Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! == Organization == {{Main|List of assets owned by Canadian Broadcasting Corporation}} === Mandate === The [[Broadcasting Act (1991)|1991 ''Broadcasting Act'']]<ref name="justice1">{{cite web |url=https://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/B-9.01/ |title=Broadcasting Act |publisher=Laws.justice.gc.ca |access-date=January 3, 2020 |archive-date=December 31, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231070503/https://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/B-9.01/ |url-status=live }}</ref> states that:<ref name=":2">"[https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/vision/mandate Mandate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210430024557/https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/vision/mandate |date=April 30, 2021 }}". ''CBC/Radio-Canada''.</ref> {{blockquote|... the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, as the national public broadcaster, should provide radio and television services incorporating a wide range of programming that informs, enlightens and entertains; ... the programming provided by the Corporation should: * be predominantly and distinctively Canadian, * reflect Canada and its regions to national and regional audiences, while serving the special needs of those regions, * actively contribute to the flow and exchange of cultural expression, * be in English and in French, reflecting the different needs and circumstances of each official language community, including the particular needs and circumstances of English and French linguistic minorities, * strive to be of equivalent quality in English and French, * contribute to shared national consciousness and identity, * be made available throughout Canada by the most appropriate and efficient means and as resources become available for the purpose, and * reflect the multicultural and multiracial nature of Canada. }}In June 2018, the [[Government of Canada]] launched a review of the ''Broadcasting Act'' as well as the ''[[Telecommunications Act (Canada)|Telecommunications Act]]'', and the CBC mandate is subject to updating following the review's completion. The CBC also submitted a paper to the Review Panel entitled "Our Culture, Our Democracy: Canada in the Digital World", which included various recommendations regarding the strengthening of [[public broadcasting]] within the global broadcasting market. The Review Panel submitted its final report and recommendations on January 29, 2020.<ref name=":2" /> === Management === As a [[crown corporation]], the CBC operates at [[Arm's length body|arm's length]] (autonomously) from the government in its day-to-day business. The corporation is governed by the ''Broadcasting Act''<ref name="justice1"/> of 1991, under a board of directors and is directly responsible to [[Parliament of Canada|Parliament]] through the [[Department of Canadian Heritage]]. General management of the organization is in the hands of a president, who is appointed by the [[Governor General of Canada]] [[Queen-in-Council|in Council]], on the [[Advice (constitutional)|advice]] of the prime minister. According to ''[[The Hill Times]]'', a clause in [[Bill C-60]]—an [[Omnibus spending bill|omnibus]] budget implementation bill introduced by the government of [[Stephen Harper]] in 2013—"appears to contradict a longstanding arm's-length relationship between the independent CBC and any government in power".<ref name="huffingtonpost_bill_c60" /><ref name="hilltimes_2013">{{cite web | url=http://www.hilltimes.com/news/politics/2013/05/01/feds-threatening-journalist-independence-of-cbc-under-new-power-over-wages/34568 | title=Feds threatening journalist independence of CBC under new power over wages, benefits, collective bargaining, say critics | work=The Hill Times | date=May 1, 2013 | access-date=October 14, 2015 | author=Naumetz, Tim | location=Ottawa | archive-date=November 17, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117025346/http://www.hilltimes.com/news/politics/2013/05/01/feds-threatening-journalist-independence-of-cbc-under-new-power-over-wages/34568 | url-status=live }}</ref> The clause allows the "prime minister's cabinet to approve salaries, working conditions and collective bargaining positions for the CBC".<ref name="huffingtonpost_bill_c60">{{cite web | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/04/30/bill-c60-cbc-harper_n_3187821.html | title=Bill C-60: Tories Quietly Taking Control of CBC, Group Alleges | work=HuffPost | date=April 30, 2013 | access-date=October 14, 2015 | archive-date=November 17, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117020254/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2013/04/30/bill-c60-cbc-harper_n_3187821.html | url-status=live }}</ref> On September 1, 2007, the CBC became subject to the federal ''[[Access to Information Act]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SRC Radio-Canada Network {{!}} History of Canadian Broadcasting |url=https://broadcasting-history.com/listing_and_histories/src-radio-canada-network |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509014057/https://broadcasting-history.com/listing_and_histories/src-radio-canada-network |archive-date=May 9, 2023 |access-date=May 9, 2023 |website=[[Canadian Communications Foundation]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Access to Information |url=https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/impact-and-accountability/access-to-information |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230509000806/https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/impact-and-accountability/access-to-information |archive-date=May 9, 2023 |access-date=May 9, 2023 |website=CBC/Radio-Canada |language=en}}</ref> ==== Board of directors ==== In accordance with the ''Broadcasting Act'', a board of directors is responsible for the management of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The board is made up of 12 members, including the chair and the president and CEO. A current list of directors is available from the Canadian [[Governor in Council]] here.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.appointments.gc.ca/prflOrg.asp?OrgID=CBC&lang=eng |title=Organization Profile – Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |publisher=Appointments.gc.ca |date=July 20, 2012 |access-date=August 15, 2012 |archive-date=September 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130922104213/http://www.appointments.gc.ca/prflOrg.asp?OrgID=CBC&lang=eng |url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2021|April}}, the CBC's board of directors page lists:<ref name="cbc._Boar">{{Cite web | title=Board of Directors | work=cbc.radio-canada.ca | access-date=June 5, 2020 | url=https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/vision/leadership/board-of-directors | archive-date=June 5, 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605193207/https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/vision/leadership/board-of-directors | url-status=live }}</ref> {{col div |colwidth=27em}} * [[Michael Goldbloom]] * [[Catherine Tait]] (president and CEO) * Guillaume Aniorté * Suzanne Guèvremont * René Légère * Sandra Mason * Jennifer Moore Rattray * François R. Roy * [[Rita Shelton Deverell]] * Sandra Singh * Bill Tam * [[Marie Wilson (journalist)|Marie Wilson]]{{col div end}} ==== Presidents ==== {{col div |colwidth=27em}} * 1936–1939: [[Leonard Brockington]] * 1940–1944: [[René Morin]] * 1944–1945: [[Howard B. Chase]] * 1945–1958: [[Arnold Davidson Dunton|A. Davidson Dunton]] * 1958–1967: [[J. Alphonse Ouimet]] * 1968–1972: [[George Forrester Davidson|George F. Davidson]] * 1972–1975: [[Laurent Picard|Laurent A. Picard]] * 1975–1982: [[A.W. Johnson]] * 1982–1989: [[Pierre Juneau]] * 1989: [[William T. Armstrong]] * 1989–1994: [[Gérard Veilleux]] * 1994–1995: [[Anthony S. Manera]] * 1995–1999: [[Perrin Beatty]] * 1999–2007: [[Robert Rabinovitch]] * 2008–2018: [[Hubert T. Lacroix]] * 2018–present: [[Catherine Tait]]<ref name="cbctait">{{cite news| url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-president-catherine-tait-1.4602504| title=Catherine Tait chosen as CBC/Radio-Canada president| date=April 3, 2018| access-date=January 3, 2020| publisher=[[CBC News]]| archive-date=January 17, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200117014707/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-president-catherine-tait-1.4602504| url-status=live}}</ref> {{col div end}} ==== Ombudsmen ==== English (CBC) {{col div |colwidth=27em}} * [[Bill Morgan (producer)|William Morgan]] * [[David Bazay]] (1995 – October 30, 2005) * [[Vince Carlin]] (January 2006 – December 2010) * [[Kirk LaPointe]] (November 2010 – 2012) * [[Esther Enkin]] (January 1, 2013 – December 2018)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/media-centre/2012/11/28/|title=Esther Enkin Appointed as New CBC Ombudsman|publisher=CBC/Radio-Canada|access-date=January 26, 2013|date=November 28, 2012|archive-date=December 3, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121203093812/http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/media-centre/2012/11/28/|url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Jack Nagler]] (January 2019 – present)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/ombudsman |title=Ombudsman – CBC/Radio-Canada |access-date=July 15, 2020 |archive-date=July 13, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200713140114/https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/ombudsman/ |url-status=live }}</ref> {{col div end}} French (Radio-Canada) {{col div |colwidth=27em}} * [[Bruno Gauron]] (1992) * [[Mario Cardinal]] (1993–1997) * [[Marcel Pépin]] (1997–1999) * [[Renaud Gilbert]] (2000–2007) * [[Julie Miville-Dechêne]] (April 1, 2007 – July 2011)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.radio-canada.ca/ombudsman/bio.shtml |title=Bureau de l'ombudsman |publisher=CBC/Radio-Canada |access-date=February 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429234229/http://www.radio-canada.ca/ombudsman/bio.shtml |archive-date=April 29, 2011 }}</ref> * [[Pierre Tourangeau]] (November 14, 2011 – April 2016) * [[Guy Gendron]] (April 1, 2016 – 2021)<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ombudsman.cbc.radio-canada.ca/fr/a-propos/|title=À propos de Guy Gendron|publisher=CBC/Radio-Canada|access-date=September 15, 2018|date=April 1, 2016|archive-date=September 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180915225948/http://www.ombudsman.cbc.radio-canada.ca/fr/a-propos/|url-status=live}}</ref> {{col div end}} === Financing === For the fiscal year 2006, the CBC received a total of $1.53 billion from all revenue sources, including government funding via taxpayers, subscription fees, advertising revenue, and other revenue (e.g., real estate). Expenditures for the year included $616 million for English television, $402 million for French television, $126 million for specialty channels, a total of $348 million for radio services in both languages, $88 million for management and technical costs, and $124 million for "[[amortization (business)|amortization]] of property and equipment". Some of this spending was derived from amortization of funding from previous years.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/annualreports/2005-2006/pdf/financials-e.pdf |title=CBC Annual Report 2005-2006 |access-date=February 19, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009124451/http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/annualreports/2005-2006/pdf/financials-e.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2009 }}</ref> Among its revenue sources for the [[Canadian federal budget, 2005|year ending March 31, 2006]], the CBC received $946 million in its annual funding from the federal government, as well as $60 million in "one-time" supplementary funding for programming. However, this supplementary funding has been repeated annually for a number of years. This combined total is just over a billion dollars annually and is a source of heated debate. To supplement this funding, the CBC's television networks and websites sell advertising, while cable/satellite-only services such as CBC News Network additionally collect subscriber fees, in line with their privately owned counterparts. The CBC's radio services do not sell advertising except when required by law (for example, to political parties during federal elections). CBC's funding differs from that of the public broadcasters of many European nations, which collect a [[television licence|licence fee]], or those in the United States, such as [[PBS]] and [[NPR]], which receive some public funding but rely to a large extent on voluntary contributions from individual viewers and listeners. A [[Nanos Research]] poll from August 2014 conducted for Asper Media (''[[National Post]]'', ''[[Financial Post]]'') showed 41% of Canadians wanted funding increased, 46% wanted it maintained at current levels, and only 10% wanted to see it cut.<ref>{{cite web | last = Csanady | first = Ashley | title = Majority of Conservative voters like the CBC: poll | website = Canada.com | date = September 5, 2014 | url = http://o.canada.com/news/politics-and-the-nation/majority-of-conservative-voters-like-the-cbc-poll | access-date = May 13, 2015 | archive-date = March 9, 2015 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150309042123/http://o.canada.com/news/politics-and-the-nation/majority-of-conservative-voters-like-the-cbc-poll | url-status = dead }}</ref> The network's defenders note that the CBC's mandate differs from private media's, particularly in its focus on Canadian content; that much of the public funding actually goes to the radio networks; and that the CBC is responsible for the full cost of most of its prime-time programming, while private networks can fill up most of their prime-time schedules with American series acquired for a fraction of their production cost. CBC supporters also point out that additional, long-term funding is required to provide better Canadian dramas and improved local programming to attract and sustain a strong viewership.{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}} According to the [[Canadian Media Guild]], the $115-million deficit reduction action plan cuts to CBC which started with the 2012 budget and were fully realized in 2014, amounted to "one of the biggest layoffs of content creators and journalists in Canadian history". The 2014 cuts combined with earlier ones totalled "3,600 jobs lost at CBC since 2008. The CMG asked the federal government to reverse the cuts<ref name="CMG_2014">{{cite web | url=http://www.cmg.ca/en/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/ENG-FINAL-DOCUMENT-JULY-2014-Funding-an-Independent-CBC-CMG-Proposals.pdf | title=CBC/Radio-Canada needs more funding and true independence: CMG proposals | work=Canadian Media Guild | date=July 2014 | access-date=14 October 2015 | pages=11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141212175836/http://www.cmg.ca/en/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/ENG-FINAL-DOCUMENT-JULY-2014-Funding-an-Independent-CBC-CMG-Proposals.pdf | archive-date=December 12, 2014 | url-status=live }}</ref> and to repeal Clause 17 of omnibus budget bill C-60 "to remove government's interference in CBC's day-to-day operations".<ref name="CMG_2014" /> In September 2015, the Canadian Media Guild announced that the CBC planned to sell all of its properties across Canada to gain a temporary increase in available funds. Media relations manager Alexandra Fortier denied this and stated that the corporation planned to sell only half of its assets.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/09/22/cbc-to-sell-all-property-across-canada.html|title=CBC property sell-off questioned by union|first=Michael|last=Robinson|work=Toronto Star|date=September 22, 2015|access-date=September 30, 2015|archive-date=September 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927215905/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/09/22/cbc-to-sell-all-property-across-canada.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2015, [[Hubert Lacroix]], then-president of CBC/Radio-Canada, spoke at the international public broadcasters' conference in [[Munich|Munich, Germany]]. He claimed for the first time that public broadcasters were "at risk of extinction".<ref name="huffingtonpost_2015">{{cite web | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/09/18/cbc-hubert-lacroix-public-broadcasting_n_8159668.html | title=CBC President Hubert Lacroix: Public Broadcasters 'Risk Being Boiled To Death' | work=The Huffington Post Canada | date=September 18, 2015 | access-date=October 14, 2015 | author=Tencer, Daniel | archive-date=October 22, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151022065500/http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/09/18/cbc-hubert-lacroix-public-broadcasting_n_8159668.html | url-status=live }}</ref> The Canadian Media Guild responded that Lacroix had "made a career of shredding" the CBC by cutting one quarter of its staff—approximately 2,000 jobs since 2010 under Lacroix's tenure. More than 600 jobs were cut in 2014 in order "to plug a $130-million budget shortfall".<ref name="huffingtonpost_2015" /> Isabelle Montpetit, president of Syndicat des communications de Radio-Canada (SCRC), observed that Lacroix was hand-picked by Stephen Harper for the job as president of the CBC.<ref name="huffingtonpost_2015" /> For the fiscal year 2015, the CBC received $1.036 billion from government funding and took 5% funding cuts from the previous year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cbc.radio-canada.ca/site/annual-reports/2014-2015/|title=CBC/Radio-Canada Annual Report 2014-2015|access-date=March 25, 2016|archive-date=April 6, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406112824/http://www.cbc.radio-canada.ca/site/annual-reports/2014-2015/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2015, the Liberal Party was returned to power. As part of its election platform, it promised to restore the $115 million of funding to the CBC that was cut by the Harper Government, over three years, and add $35 million, for a total extra funding of $150 million.<ref>{{cite news |last=Szklarski |first=Cassandra |date=December 7, 2015 |title=A new era for CBC, hopefully: Things could finally start looking up for the beleaguered public broadcaster in 2016 |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/a-new-era-for-cbc-hopefully-things-could-finally-start-looking-up-for-the-beleaguered-public-broadcaster-in-2016 |location=Toronto, Ontario, Canada |access-date=December 8, 2015}}</ref> On November 28, 2016, the CBC issued a request for $400 million in additional funding, which it planned to use towards removing advertising from its television services, production and acquisition of Canadian content, and "additional funding of new investments to face consumer and technology disruption". The broadcaster argued that it had operated "[under] a business model and cultural policy framework that is profoundly broken", while other countries "[reaped] the benefits of strong, stable, well-funded public broadcasters".<ref>{{cite web|title=CBC/Radio Canada asks for $400M in increased government funding to go ad-free|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-radio-canada-ad-free-proposal-1.3871077|publisher=CBC News|access-date=November 29, 2016|archive-date=November 29, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161129081639/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/cbc-radio-canada-ad-free-proposal-1.3871077|url-status=live}}</ref> CBC has received $1.2 billion annually from the federal government since fiscal 2018. Government funding increased to almost $1.4 billion for 2020-2021 to cover 'retroactive salary inflation' and potential issues arising from the pandemic. It returned to $1.2 billion the following year.<ref>{{cite web |title=2020-2021 Annual Report |url=https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/impact-and-accountability/finances/annual-reports/ar-2020-2021/highlights/financial-highlights |website=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322225045/https://cbc.radio-canada.ca/en/impact-and-accountability/finances/annual-reports/ar-2020-2021/highlights/financial-highlights |archive-date=March 22, 2023 |url-status=live |access-date=March 22, 2023 }}</ref> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! 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