Baltimore

====Architecture====
[[File:West baltimore formstone facing rowhouse.jpg|thumb|An [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]] rowhouse clad in [[formstone]] in West Baltimore]]
Baltimore exhibits examples from each period of architecture over more than two centuries, and work from architects such as [[Benjamin Henry Latrobe|Benjamin Latrobe]], [[George A. Frederick]], [[John Russell Pope]], [[Mies van der Rohe]], and [[I. M. Pei]].

Baltimore is rich in architecturally significant buildings in a variety of styles. The [[Basilica of the National Shrine of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary|Baltimore Basilica]] (1806–1821) is a neoclassical design by Benjamin Latrobe, and one of the oldest [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] cathedrals in the United States. In 1813, Robert Cary Long Sr. built for [[Rembrandt Peale]] the first substantial structure in the United States designed expressly as a museum. Restored, it is now the Municipal Museum of Baltimore, or popularly the [[Peale Museum]].

The [[McKim's School|McKim Free School]] was founded and endowed by John McKim. The building was erected by his son [[Isaac McKim|Isaac]] in 1822 after a design by William Howard and William Small. It reflects the popular interest in [[ancient Greece|Greece]] when the nation was securing its independence and a scholarly interest in recently published drawings of Athenian antiquities.

The [[Phoenix Shot Tower]] (1828), at {{convert|234.25|ft|m}} tall, was the tallest building in the United States until the time of the Civil War, and is one of few remaining structures of its kind.<ref>Dorsey & Dilts (1997), pp. 182–183. "Once there were three such towers in Baltimore; now there are only a few left in the world."</ref> It was constructed without the use of exterior scaffolding. The Sun Iron Building, designed by R.C. Hatfield in 1851, was the city's first iron-front building and was a model for a whole generation of downtown buildings. [[Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church]], built in 1870 in memory of financier [[George Brown (financier)|George Brown]], has [[stained glass]] windows by [[Louis Comfort Tiffany]] and has been called "one of the most significant buildings in this city, a treasure of art and architecture" by ''[[Baltimore (magazine)|Baltimore]]'' magazine.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.browndowntown.org/files/april_balt_magazine.pdf|title=Window to the Future|last=Evitts|first=Elizabeth|date=April 2003|magazine=[[Baltimore (magazine)|Baltimore]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110911075155/http://www.browndowntown.org/files/april_balt_magazine.pdf|archive-date=September 11, 2011|access-date=May 6, 2009|via=[[Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church]]}}</ref><ref name=Sun2003>{{Cite news| last=Bishop| first=Tricia| title=Illuminated by a jewel| work=[[The Baltimore Sun]]| date=April 7, 2003| url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/baltsun/access/321974201.html?dids=321974201:321974201&FMT=ABS&FMTS| access-date=May 6, 2009| archive-date=May 24, 2011| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524173047/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/baltsun/access/321974201.html?dids=321974201:321974201&FMT=ABS&FMTS| url-status=dead}}</ref>

The 1845 [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek Revival]]-style [[Lloyd Street Synagogue]] is one of the [[oldest synagogues in the United States]]. The [[Johns Hopkins Hospital]], designed by [[John Shaw Billings|Lt. Col. John S. Billings]] in 1876, was a considerable achievement for its day in functional arrangement and fireproofing.

I.M. Pei's [[Baltimore World Trade Center|World Trade Center]] (1977) is the tallest equilateral pentagonal building in the world at {{convert|405|ft|m}} tall.

The [[Inner Harbor East|Harbor East]] area has seen the addition of two new towers which have completed construction: a 24-floor tower that is the new world headquarters of [[Legg Mason]], and a 21-floor [[Four Seasons Hotel]] complex.

The streets of Baltimore are organized in a grid and spoke pattern, lined with tens of thousands of [[Terraced house|rowhouses]]. The mix of materials on the face of these rowhouses also give Baltimore its distinct look. The rowhouses are a mix of brick and formstone facings, the latter a technology patented in 1937 by Albert Knight. [[John Waters (director born 1946)|John Waters]] characterized formstone as "the polyester of brick" in a 30-minute documentary film, ''Little Castles: A Formstone Phenomenon''.<ref>{{cite web |author=Paul K. Williams |date=September 23, 2009 |title=The Story of Formstone |url=http://welcometobaltimorehon.com/the-story-behind-formstone |access-date=March 21, 2011 |work=Welcome to Baltimore, Hon! |archive-date=November 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130174743/http://welcometobaltimorehon.com/the-story-behind-formstone |url-status=dead }}</ref> In ''The Baltimore Rowhouse'', Mary Ellen Hayward and [[Charles Belfoure]] considered the rowhouse as the architectural form defining Baltimore as "perhaps no other American city".<ref>{{cite book| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6pGARnkq3eUC&q=baltimore+rowhouse| title=The Baltimore Rowhouse| author=Mary Ellen Hayward and Charles Belfoure| publisher=Princeton Architectural Press| year=1999| isbn=978-1-56898-283-0| page=back cover| access-date=March 21, 2011}}</ref> In the mid-1790s, developers began building entire neighborhoods of the British-style rowhouses, which became the dominant house type of the city early in the 19th century.<ref>Hayward and Belfoure, pp 17–18, 22.</ref>

[[Oriole Park at Camden Yards]] is a [[Major League Baseball]] park, which opened in 1992 and was built as a [[retro style]] baseball park. Along with the National Aquarium, Camden Yards have helped revive the Inner Harbor area from what once was an exclusively [[industrial district]] full of dilapidated warehouses into a bustling commercial district full of bars, restaurants, and retail establishments.

After an international competition, the [[University of Baltimore School of Law]] awarded the [[Germany|German]] firm [[Behnisch Architekten]] 1st prize for its design, which was selected for the school's new home. After the building's opening in 2013, the design won additional honors including an ENR National "Best of the Best" Award.<ref>{{cite web|title=University of Baltimore Law School Wins ENR National "Best of the Best" Award for Design and Construction|url=http://www.muellerassoc.com/university-baltimore-law-school-wins-enr-national-%E2%80%9Cbest-best%E2%80%9D-award-design-and-construction|publisher=Mueller Associates|date=January 2, 2014|access-date=May 13, 2017|archive-date=April 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170415120852/http://muellerassoc.com/university-baltimore-law-school-wins-enr-national-%E2%80%9Cbest-best%E2%80%9D-award-design-and-construction|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Baltimore's newly rehabilitated [[Everyman Theatre, Baltimore|Everyman Theatre]] was honored by the Baltimore Heritage at the 2013 Preservation Awards Celebration in 2013. Everyman Theatre will receive an Adaptive Reuse and Compatible Design Award as part of Baltimore Heritage's 2013 historic preservation awards ceremony. Baltimore Heritage is Baltimore's nonprofit historic and architectural preservation organization, which works to preserve and promote Baltimore's historic buildings and neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://baltimore.broadwayworld.com/article/Everyman-Theatre-Honored-with-Baltimore-Heritage-Historic-Preservation-Award-20130618 |title=Everyman Theatre Honored with 'Baltimore Heritage Historic Preservation Award' |access-date=July 8, 2013}}</ref>