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PreviewAdvancedSpecial charactersHelpHeadingLevel 2Level 3Level 4Level 5FormatInsertLatinLatin extendedIPASymbolsGreekGreek extendedCyrillicArabicArabic extendedHebrewBanglaTamilTeluguSinhalaDevanagariGujaratiThaiLaoKhmerCanadian AboriginalRunesÁáÀàÂâÄäÃãǍǎĀāĂ㥹ÅåĆćĈĉÇçČčĊċĐđĎďÉéÈèÊêËëĚěĒēĔĕĖėĘęĜĝĢģĞğĠġĤĥĦħÍíÌìÎîÏïĨĩǏǐĪīĬĭİıĮįĴĵĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńÑñŅņŇňÓóÒòÔôÖöÕõǑǒŌōŎŏǪǫŐőŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŜŝŞşŠšȘșȚțŤťÚúÙùÛûÜüŨũŮůǓǔŪūǖǘǚǜŬŭŲųŰűŴŵÝýŶŷŸÿȲȳŹźŽžŻżÆæǢǣØøŒœßÐðÞþƏəFormattingLinksHeadingsListsFilesDiscussionReferencesDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getItalic''Italic text''Italic textBold'''Bold text'''Bold textBold & italic'''''Bold & italic text'''''Bold & italic textDescriptionWhat you typeWhat you getReferencePage text.<ref>[https://www.example.org/ Link text], additional text.</ref>Page text.[1]Named referencePage text.<ref name="test">[https://www.example.org/ Link text]</ref>Page text.[2]Additional use of the same referencePage text.<ref name="test" />Page text.[2]Display references<references />↑ Link text, additional text.↑ Link text===Americas=== Usually the region presents associates, bachelor's, master's, doctoral, and postdoctoral degrees. ====Brazil==== {{See also|Universities and higher education in Brazil}} In Brazil, a bachelor's degree takes from three years to six years to complete depending on the course load and the program. A bachelor's degree is the title sought by Brazilians in order to be a professional in a certain area of human knowledge. Master's and doctoral degrees are additional degrees for those seeking an academic career or a specific understanding of a field. Even without a formal adhesion to the [[Bologna system]], a Brazilian "bachelor's" would correspond to a European "first cycle". A Brazilian "bachelor's" takes three to six years<ref>Ministério da Educação, Conselho Nacional de Educação, Câmara de Educação Superior. Resolução CES/CNE nº 2/2007 Resolução 4/2009. Retrieved from http://portal.mec.gov.br/</ref> for completion, as well as usually a written monograph or concluding project, in the same way that a European bachelor's can be finished in three to four years, after which time Europeans may embark on a one- to two-year 2nd cycle program usually called a "master's", according to the Bologna Process. Depending on programs and personal choices, Europeans can achieve a master's degree in as little as four years (a three-year bachelor's and a one-year master's) and as long as six years (a four-year bachelor's, a two-year master's) of higher education. In Brazil it would be possible to have a specialization "lato-sensu" degree—which differs from a Brazilian "stricto-sensu" master's degree—in as little as three years (two years for a "{{lang|pt-BR|tecnólogo}}"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.mec.gov.br/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15698|title=Diploma dos tecnólogos vale para concurso e pós-graduação|author=Assessoria de Comunicação Social|access-date=29 June 2015}}</ref> degree and an additional year for a specialization) or as long as eight years (six years for professional degrees, plus two years for a master's "stricto-sensu" degree—typical in medicine or engineering). ====Canada==== Education in Canada is governed independently by each province and territory; however, a common framework for degrees was agreed to by the Council of Ministers of Education, Canada, in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministerial Statement on Quality Assurance of Degree Education in Canada |url=https://www.cmec.ca/Publications/Lists/Publications/Attachments/95/QA-Statement-2007.en.pdf}}</ref> This adopted descriptors for bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees that were deliberately similar to those defined by the [[Bologna Process]].<ref name="Canadian Framework">{{cite web|url=http://www.cmec.ca/Publications/Lists/Publications/Attachments/95/QA-Statement-2007.en.pdf|title=Canadian Degree Qualifications Framework|publisher=Council of Ministers of Education, Canada|access-date=10 November 2016|date=2007|work=Ministerial Statement on Quality Assurance of Degree Education in Canada}}</ref> Under the framework, four general forms of bachelor's degree are defined: general programs that provide a broad education and prepare graduates for graduate-entry professional programs or employment generally; in-depth academic programs in a specific subject that prepare graduates for postgraduate study in the field or employment generally; applied programs that concentrate on a mastery of practice rather than knowledge; and professional programs, often (but not exclusively) graduate-entry, that prepare graduates to practice as professionals in a specific field. This last category includes graduate-entry degrees titled as if they were doctorates, such as MD, JD and DDS degrees—despite their names, these are considered bachelor's degrees.<ref name="Canadian Framework"/> Bachelor's degrees may take either three or four years to complete and are awarded by colleges and universities. In many universities and colleges, bachelor's degrees are differentiated either as (ordinary) bachelor's or as honours bachelor's degrees. The term "honours" is an academic distinction, which indicates that students must achieve their bachelor's degree with a sufficiently high overall grade point average; in addition, some programs may require more education than non-honours programs. The honours degrees are sometimes designated with the abbreviation in brackets of "(Hon(s))". Going back in history, the ''Bachelor with Honours'' ([[Neo-Latin|Latin]] ''baccalaureatus cum honore'', {{lang-fr|baccalauréat spécialisé}}) was traditionally taken as the highest undergraduate degree. The program requires at least 4 years of studies, with strong emphasis on the research-based ''Honours Seminar Thesis'' which is considered approximately equivalent to a formal master's thesis. Universities show the [[academic degree]] as well as the possible honours distinction ([[Latin honors|Latin honours]]) on the diploma (e.g., "{{lang|la|BACCALAUREATUS ARTIUM CUM HONORE ... CUM LAUDE}}"). In Quebec, students have to take a minimum of two years of [[College education in Quebec|college]] before entering, for example, a three-year Bachelor of Science (BSc) or a four-year Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) program. As a consequence, there is no ''de jure'' "honours degree" (although some universities market some of their programs as being ''de facto'' honours degrees in their English-language materials)<ref>[https://www.quebec.ca/en/education/study-quebec/education-system Québec education system > Higher education > College studies]. [[Gouvernement du Québec]].</ref> but there are some specializations called "concentrations" in French, which are mostly taken as optional courses. In the province of Ontario, the most bachelor's degrees offered by [[List of universities in Ontario|Ontario universities]] are academic in nature. In contrast, Ontario legislation requires bachelor's degrees offered by [[List of colleges in Ontario|Ontario colleges]] to be applied and vocationally focused.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.collegequarterly.ca/2014-vol17-num01-winter/panacci.html|title=Baccalaureate Degrees at Ontario Colleges: Issues and Implications|first1=Adam G.|last1=Panacci|date=2014|access-date=10 February 2014|publisher=The College Quarterly}}</ref> ====Colombia==== {{Unreferenced section|date=October 2023}} In Colombia, secondary school has two milestones, in 9th and 11th grades. After completing the first 4 years of secondary school (6th, 7th, 8th and 9th grades), a student is considered to have completed the basic secondary school while after completed the last two years (10th and 11th grades) is considered to have completed "bachillerato" or high school diploma. This degree can be either academic (the most common) or: * military, given by military specialised schools. It provides the opportunity for male students not to go to otherwise compulsory military service. * commercial, which grants students focused skills on accountancy. * technical, which grants students focused skills on technical abilities such as electricity, mechanics and related matters. * academic, which grants students focused skills on elementary education. After graduating from high-school, hopeful students must take a nationwide exam that determines their eligibility to apply for their desired program, depending on the score the student achieves on the exam. In Colombia, the system of academic degrees is similar to the US model. After completing their "{{lang|es|bachillerato}}" (high school), students can take one of three options. The first one is called a "profesional" (professional career), which is similar to a bachelor's degree requiring from four to six years of study according to the chosen program. However, strictly-career-related subjects are taken from the very beginning unlike US where focused career-related subjects usually are part of the curriculum from the third year. The other option is called a "{{lang|es|técnico}}" (technician); this degree consists of only two and a half years of study and prepares the student for technical or mechanical labors. Finally, the third option is called a "{{lang|es|tecnólogo}}" (equivalent to an associate degree), and consist of 3 years of study. A technical school gives to the student, after a program of two years, an [[Classification of Academic Degrees|undergraduate degree]] in areas like software development, networks and IT, accountancy, nursing and other areas of health services, mechanics, electricity and technic-like areas. Universities offer graduate degrees in [[ICFES]] endorsed programs like medicine, engineering, laws, accountancy, business management and other professional areas. A typical undergraduate program usually takes 10 or 11 semesters and some (i.e. medicine) require an additional period of service or practice to apply for the degree. A student who has obtained an undergraduate degree can opt to continue studying a career after completing their undergraduate degree by continuing onto master's and doctorate degrees. They can also choose to do a specialization in certain fields of study by doing an extra year. ====Costa Rica, El Salvador and Venezuela==== {{See also|Education in Costa Rica|Education in El Salvador|Education in Venezuela}} In these countries, there are two titles that should not be confused: # High school students who pass their ''{{lang|es|bachillerato}}'' or high school exams obtain a certificate of ''{{lang|es|Bachiller de Educación Secundaria}} (not the same as a 'Bachelor' for higher education degrees)'', which is needed in order to enter a university and is usually requested by companies in their profiles. # University students obtain an American equivalent bachelor's degree in their respective fields after completing four years of education, and a ''licenciatura'' licentiate degree completing one more year of studies (and meeting other requisites unique to each institution, it is common to write a dissertation on the professional field), this enables them to work as professionals in their chosen areas; for example, a ''{{lang|es|Profesor en Enseñanza Secundaria}}'' ("Licentiate degree in secondary education") enables a person to work as a high school teacher. Currently, the trend is for universities not to offer a bachelor's degree and to offer instead a [[Licentiate (degree)|licentiate]]'s or "{{lang|es|ingeniero}}" degree after five years of education. ====Guyana==== {{Unreferenced section|date=October 2023}} In Guyana, the universities offer bachelor programs in different streams like Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science in nursing, design and arts, liberal arts, psychology, Doctor of Medicine (MD) and other health science programs. These programs are delivered by University of Guyana, [[Texila American University]], Green Heart Medical University, Lesley university and many more offers these bachelor programs. ====Mexico==== {{Main|Education in Mexico}} Bachelor's degrees may take an average of five years (from four to five years) to complete depending on the course load and the program and they are awarded by colleges and universities.<ref>[https://aljawaz.com/en/bachelors-degree-in-mexico/ ''Bachelor’s Degree in Mexico''] ''Aljawaz.com''.</ref> Medicine is from 6 to 7 years. Each college has its own curriculum and requirements with an emphasis of their choice, governed independently by each state of the republic. After finishing all the subjects the student require a final work, which means the completion of particular honours seminars, research and development or a written thesis in a particular field. Mexico's regulations established as an obligation in order to receive their license and title the fulfillment of a "social service" to the nation (usually for those who finished their studies in a public institution) as a remuneration to society in the form of social actions, the benefits, as students, were received during training. This requirement takes about six months to one year depending on the type of degree. Bachelor's degree should not be falsely related with its Spanish cognate "bachiller", which designate a prerequisite for matriculate in a career or bachelor studies. The official name for a bachelor's degree in Mexico is "licenciado" and such studies are referred as "licenciatura". Bachelor's degrees should not be confused with [[Engineer's degree|Engineering Degrees]], where an ''Ingeniería'' is prefixed to the name and requires additional courses for certification as an Engineer.<ref>[https://www.bachelorstudies.com/bachelor/engineering-studies/mexico ''24 Bachelor Programs in Engineering Studies in Mexico 2023'']. ''bachelorstudies.com''</ref> ====United States==== {{Main|Higher education in the United States}} Bachelor's degrees in the United States are typically designed to be completed in four years of full-time study, which typically represents an average of 15 hours of weekly instruction per four-month semester, two semesters per year, for a total of eight semesters and 120 instructional credit hours, although some programs, such as engineering or architecture,<ref>{{cite web|title=Penn State College of Arts and Architecture|url=https://stuckeman.psu.edu/arch|access-date=2 July 2013}}</ref> may take five years, and some universities and colleges allow students, usually with the help of summer school, who are taking many classes each semester or who have existing credit from high school [[Advanced Placement program|Advanced Placement]] or [[International Baccalaureate]] course exams, to complete them more rapidly. Some US colleges and universities have a separate academic track known as an "honours" or "scholars" program, generally offered to the top percentile of students, based on [[GPA]], that offers more challenging courses or more individually directed seminars or research projects instead or in addition to the standard [[core curriculum]]. Those students are awarded the same bachelor's degree as students completing the standard curriculum but with the notation ''[[in cursu honorum]]'' on the [[college transcript|transcript]] and the [[diploma]]. Usually, the above Latin honours are separate from the notation for this honours course, but a student in the honours course generally must maintain grades worthy of at least the ''cum laude'' notation anyway.<ref>{{cite web|title=WVU Honors College |url=http://honors.wvu.edu/current/handbook_policies.php |access-date=30 December 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130204072301/http://honors.wvu.edu/current/handbook_policies.php |archive-date=4 February 2013 }}</ref> Hence, a graduate might receive a diploma ''Artium Baccalaureatum rite'' or ''Artium Baccalaureatum summa cum laude'' in the regular course or ''Artium Baccalaureatum summa cum laude in cursu honorum'' in the honours course. If the student has completed the requirements for an honours degree only in a particular discipline (e.g., English language and literature), the degree is designated accordingly (e.g., "BA with Honours in English"). In this case, the degree candidate will complete the normal curriculum for all subjects except the selected discipline ("English", in the preceding example). The requirements in either case usually require completion of particular honours seminars, independent research at a level higher than usually required (often with greater personal supervision by faculty than usual), and a written honours thesis in the major subject. Many universities and colleges in the United States award bachelor's degrees with [[Latin honours]], usually (in ascending order) ''[[cum laude]]'' ("with honor/praise"), ''[[magna cum laude]]'' ("with great honor/praise"), ''[[summa cum laude]]'' ("with highest honor/praise"), and the occasionally seen ''[[maxima cum laude]]'' ("with maximal honor/praise"). Requirements for such notations of honours generally include minimum [[grade point average]]s (GPA), with the highest average required for the ''summa'' distinction (or ''maxima'', when that distinction is present). In the case of some schools, such as [[Bates College]], [[Carleton College]], [[Colby College]], [[Middlebury College]], [[Guilford College]], [[Franklin College Switzerland]], and larger universities like the [[University of Virginia]], [[Princeton University]], [[North Carolina State University]], [[University of Massachusetts Amherst]], a senior [[thesis]] for degrees in the [[humanities]] or [[laboratory]] [[research]] for [[natural science]] (and sometimes [[social science]]) degrees is also required. Five notable exceptions are [[Reed College]], [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], [[The Evergreen State College]], [[Sarah Lawrence College]], and [[Bennington College]], which do not have deans' lists, Latin honours recognitions, or undergraduate honours programs or subjects. Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page