Asia

=== Climate ===
{{Main|Climate of Asia}}
[[File:Koppen-Geiger Map Asia present.svg|thumb|[[Köppen climate classification|Köppen-Geiger climate classification]] map for Asia<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Beck |first1=Hylke E. |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Niklaus E. |last3=McVicar |first3=Tim R. |last4=Vergopolan |first4=Noemi |last5=Berg |first5=Alexis |last6=Wood |first6=Eric F. |author-link6=Eric Franklin Wood |title=Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution |journal=Scientific Data |date=30 October 2018 |volume=5 |pages=180214 |doi=10.1038/sdata.2018.214|pmid=30375988 |pmc=6207062 |bibcode=2018NatSD...580214B }}</ref>]]
Asia has extremely diverse [[climate]] features. Climates range from [[arctic]] and [[subarctic]] in [[Siberia]] to tropical in southern [[India]] and Southeast Asia. It is [[Moisture|moist]] across southeast sections, and dry across much of the interior. Some of the largest daily temperature ranges on Earth occur in western sections of Asia. The [[monsoon]] circulation dominates across southern and eastern sections, due to the presence of the [[Himalayas]] forcing the formation of a thermal low which draws in moisture during the summer. Southwestern sections of the continent are hot. [[Siberia]] is one of the coldest places in the [[Northern Hemisphere]], and can act as a source of arctic air masses for [[North America]]. The most active place on [[Earth]] for [[tropical cyclone]] activity lies northeast of the [[Philippines]] and south of Japan.

====Climate change====
{{Main|Climate change in South Asia|Climate change in Southeast Asia|Climate change in Central Asia|Climate change in East Asia|Climate change in North Asia}}
{{Further|:Category:Climate change in Asia}}
[[Climate change]] is having major impacts on many countries in the continent.
A survey carried out in 2010 by global risk analysis farm [[Maplecroft]] identified 16 countries that are extremely [[Climate change vulnerability|vulnerable to climate change]]. Each nation's vulnerability was calculated using 42 socio, economic and environmental indicators, which identified the likely [[climate change]] impacts during the next 30 years. The Asian countries of [[Climate change in Bangladesh|Bangladesh]], [[Climate change in India|India]], [[Climate change in the Philippines|the Philippines]], [[Climate change in Vietnam|Vietnam]], [[Climate change in Thailand|Thailand]], [[Climate change in Pakistan|Pakistan]], [[Climate change in China|China]] and [[Climate change in Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]] were among the 16 countries facing extreme risk from climate change.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asia tops climate change's 'most vulnerable' list|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20827832-400-asia-tops-climate-changes-most-vulnerable-list/|access-date=17 December 2020|website=New Scientist|language=en-US|archive-date=13 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413222219/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20827832-400-asia-tops-climate-changes-most-vulnerable-list/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Which countries are most threatened by and vulnerable to climate change?|url=https://www.iberdrola.com/environment/top-countries-most-affected-by-climate-change|access-date=17 December 2020|website=Iberdrola|language=en|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127071529/https://www.iberdrola.com/environment/top-countries-most-affected-by-climate-change|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Climate Risk Index 2020 – World|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-climate-risk-index-2020|access-date=17 December 2020|website=ReliefWeb|date=5 December 2019 |language=en|archive-date=27 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127205336/https://reliefweb.int/report/world/global-climate-risk-index-2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Some shifts are already occurring. For example, in tropical parts of India with a [[semi-arid climate]], the temperature increased by 0.4&nbsp;°C between 1901 and 2003.
A 2013 study by the [[International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics]] (ICRISAT) aimed to find science-based, pro-poor approaches and techniques that would enable Asia's agricultural systems to cope with climate change, while benefiting poor and vulnerable farmers. The study's recommendations ranged from improving the use of climate information in local planning and strengthening weather-based agro-advisory services, to stimulating diversification of rural household incomes and providing incentives to farmers to adopt natural resource conservation measures to enhance forest cover, replenish [[groundwater]] and use [[renewable energy]].<ref>[http://exploreit.icrisat.org/sites/default/files/uploads/1378286859_PolicyBrief23.pdf ''Vulnerability to Climate Change: Adaptation Strategies and layers of Resilience''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140226173957/http://exploreit.icrisat.org/sites/default/files/uploads/1378286859_PolicyBrief23.pdf |date=26 February 2014 }}, [[ICRISAT]], Policy Brief No. 23, February 2013</ref>

The ten countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) – Brunei, [[Climate change in Cambodia|Cambodia]], [[Climate change in Indonesia|Indonesia]], Laos, [[Climate change in Malaysia|Malaysia]], [[Climate change in Myanmar|Myanmar]], [[Climate change in the Philippines|the Philippines]], [[Climate change in Singapore|Singapore]], [[Climate change in Thailand|Thailand]], and [[Climate change in Vietnam|Vietnam]] – are among the most vulnerable to the effects of climate change in the world, however, [[ASEAN|ASEAN's]] climate mitigation efforts are not commensurate with the climate threats and risks it faces.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Overland |first1=Indra |last2=Sagbakken |first2=Haakon Fossum |last3=Chan |first3=Hoy-Yen |last4=Merdekawati |first4=Monika |last5=Suryadi |first5=Beni |last6=Utama |first6=Nuki Agya |last7=Vakulchuk |first7=Roman |title=The ASEAN climate and energy paradox |journal=Energy and Climate Change |date=December 2021 |volume=2 |pages=100019 |doi=10.1016/j.egycc.2020.100019 |hdl=11250/2734506 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>