Al Capone

===Trials===
[[File:Al-capone-cell.jpg|thumb|Capone's cell at the now decommissioned [[Eastern State Penitentiary]] in [[Philadelphia]], where he spent about nine months starting in May 1929]]
[[File:Al Capone in Florida.jpg|thumb|[[Mug shot]] of Capone in [[Miami]], in 1930]]

On March 27, 1929, Capone was arrested by FBI agents as he left a Chicago courtroom after testifying to a grand jury that was investigating violations of federal prohibition laws. He was charged with contempt of court for feigning illness to avoid an earlier appearance.<ref name=fbi>{{cite web |url=https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/al-capone |title=Al Capone |publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation |access-date=April 3, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200303162952/https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/al-capone |archive-date=March 3, 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> On May 16, 1929, Capone was arrested in [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania, for carrying a concealed weapon. On May 17, 1929, Capone was indicted by a grand jury and a trial was held before Philadelphia Municipal Court Judge John E Walsh. Following the entering of a guilty plea by his attorney, Capone was sentenced to a prison term of one year.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Schoenberg |first1=Robert J |title=Mr Capone |date=1992 |publisher=William Morrow and Company, Inc |location=New York |isbn=0688089410 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mrcapone00robe/page/238 238] |url=https://archive.org/details/mrcapone00robe/page/238}}</ref> On August 8, 1929, Capone was transferred to Philadelphia's [[Eastern State Penitentiary]]. A week after his release in March 1930, Capone was listed as the number one "Public Enemy" on the unofficial Chicago Crime Commission's widely publicized list.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.themarshallproject.org/2018/05/28/defending-al-capone |title=Defending Al Capone |work=The Marshall Project |access-date=June 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827003135/https://www.themarshallproject.org/2018/05/28/defending-al-capone |archive-date=August 27, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 1930, Capone was arrested on [[Vagrancy#United States|vagrancy]] charges when visiting Miami Beach; the governor had ordered sheriffs to run him out of the state. Capone claimed that Miami police had refused him food and water and threatened to arrest his family. He was charged with [[perjury]] for making these statements, but was acquitted after a three-day trial in July.<ref>{{cite web |author=Luisa Yanez, The Miami Herald |url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2010-09-27/news/fl-al-capone-trial-20100927_1_gangster-al-capone-alphonse-capone-mock-trial |title=Gangster Al Capone's 1930 trial to return to Miami court – Sun Sentinel |publisher=Articles.sun-sentinel.com |date=September 27, 2010 |access-date=August 16, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714183531/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2010-09-27/news/fl-al-capone-trial-20100927_1_gangster-al-capone-alphonse-capone-mock-trial |archive-date=July 14, 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> In September, a Chicago judge issued a warrant for Capone's arrest on charges of vagrancy and then used the publicity to run against Thompson in the Republican primary.<ref>Reading Eagle – September 17, 1930, Gang leaders face arrest,</ref><ref>''Al Capone: A Biography'' By Luciano J. Iorizzo pp. 62–63</ref> In February 1931, Capone was tried on the contempt of court charge. In court, Judge [[James Herbert Wilkerson]] intervened to reinforce questioning of Capone's doctor by the prosecutor. Wilkerson sentenced Capone to six months, but he remained free while on appeal of the contempt conviction.<ref>The Pittsburgh Press – February 27, 1931</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bergreen|1994|p=419}}</ref>

In February 1930, Capone's organization was linked to the murder of Julius Rosenheim, who served as a police [[informant]] in the Chicago Outfit for 20 years.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1930/02/02/archives/informer-is-slain-by-chicago-gunmen-julius-rosenheim-in-police-pay.html|title=Informer is Slain by Chicago Gunmen; Julius Rosenheim, in Police Pay 20 Years, Is Shot Down Near His Home. Revenge Believed Motive, Two Members of the Capone Gang Are Arrested and Bullets Will Be Compared. Men Kill Him and Flee.|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=February 2, 1930|access-date=January 23, 2021|archive-date=January 28, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128215706/https://www.nytimes.com/1930/02/02/archives/informer-is-slain-by-chicago-gunmen-julius-rosenheim-in-police-pay.html|url-status=live}}</ref>