15th century

=== 1490–1500 ===
[[File:SiegeOfRhodes1480.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[Siege of Rhodes (1480)|Siege of Rhodes]] ([[1480]]). Ships of the [[Hospitaliers]] in the forefront, and Turkish camp in the background.]]
* [[1492]]: The death of [[Sonni Ali|Sunni Ali Ber]] left a leadership void in the [[Songhai Empire]], and his son was soon dethroned by [[Askia Muhammad I|Mamadou Toure]] who ascended the throne in 1493 under the name [[Askia Mohammad I|Askia]] (meaning "general") Muhammad. Askia Muhammad made Songhai the largest empire in the history of West Africa. The empire went into decline, however, after 1528, when the now-blind Askia Muhammad was dethroned by his son, [[Askia Musa]].
* [[1492]]: [[Boabdil]]'s surrender of [[Granada]] marks the end of the Spanish [[Reconquista]] and [[Al-Andalus]].
* [[1492]]: [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Ferdinand]] and [[Isabella I of Castile|Isabella]] sign the [[Alhambra Decree]], expelling all [[Jews]] from Spain unless they convert to [[Catholicism]]; 40,000–200,000 leave.
* [[1492]]: [[Christopher Columbus]] landed in the Americas from [[Spain]].
* [[1493]]: [[Christopher Columbus]] landed on modern-day [[Puerto Rico]].
* [[1493]]: [[Leonardo da Vinci]] creates the first known design for a [[helicopter]].
* [[1494]]: Spain and Portugal sign the [[Treaty of Tordesillas]] and agree to divide the World outside of Europe between themselves.
* [[1494]]–1559: The [[Italian Wars]] lead to the downfall of the [[Italian city-states]].
* [[1495]]: [[Manuel I of Portugal]] was succeeded as the king of [[Portugal]] (reigns until [[1521]]).
* [[1497]]–[[1499]]: [[Vasco da Gama]]'s first voyage from [[Europe]] to [[India]] and back.
* [[1499]]: [[Ottoman Navy|Ottoman fleet]] defeats [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]] at the [[Battle of Zonchio]].
* [[1499]]: University "Alcalá de Henares" in Madrid, Spain is built.
* [[1499]]: [[Michelangelo]]'s [[Pietà]] in St. Peter's Basilica is made in Rome
* [[1500]]: Islam becomes the dominant religion across the Indonesian archipelago.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religions |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Indonesia/Religions |last=Leinbach |first=Thomas R. |date=20 February 2019 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=23 February 2019}}</ref>
* [[1500]]: The [[List of sultans of Brunei|Bruneian Sultan]], [[Bolkiah]] arrives in Luzon and establishes the city of [[Selurong]]—later named [[Maynila (historical polity)|Maynila]] shortly after taking over Tundun (Luzon) from its monarch,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017 |title=Kingdom of Tondo |url=https://borneohistory57.blogspot.com/2017/03/kingdom-of-tondo.html |url-status=live |website=historylearning.com}}</ref> Lakan Gambang.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Carating |first=Rodelio B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sY7EBAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&pg=PA31&dq=Brunei+%C2%A0Tondo&hl=en |title=The Soils of the Philippines |last2=Galanta |first2=Raymundo G. |last3=Bacatio |first3=Clarita D. |date=2014-04-23 |publisher=Springer Science & Business |isbn=978-94-017-8682-9 |pages=31 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[1500]]: Around late 15th century [[Bujangga Manik]] manuscript was composed, tell the story of Jaya Pakuan Bujangga Manik, a [[Sunda kingdom|Sundanese]] Hindu hermit journeys throughout Java and Bali.<ref name="Noorduyn 2006 437">{{Cite book |last=Noorduyn |first=J. |title=Three Old Sundanese poems |publisher=KITLV Press |year=2006 |page=437}}</ref>
* [[1500]]: [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles of Ghent]] (future [[Lord of the Netherlands]], [[King of Spain]], [[Archduke of Austria]], and [[Holy Roman Emperor]]) was born.
* [[1500]]: [[Guru Nanak]] begins the spreading of [[Sikhism]], the fifth-largest religion in the world.
* [[1500]]: [[Spain|Spanish]] navigator [[Vicente Yáñez Pinzón]] encounters [[Brazil]] but is prevented from claiming it by the [[Treaty of Tordesillas]].
* [[1500]]: [[Portugal|Portuguese]] navigator [[Pedro Álvares Cabral]] claims Brazil for Portugal.
* [[1500]]: The [[Ottoman Navy|Ottoman fleet]] of [[Kemal Reis]] defeats the [[Republic of Venice|Venetians]] at the [[Battle of Lepanto (1500)|Second Battle of Lepanto]].{{Gallery}}