Soul

====Views of various denominations====
; Roman Catholicism
The present [[Catechism of the Catholic Church]] states that the term soul
: "refers to the innermost aspect of [persons], that which is of greatest value in [them], that by which [they are] most especially in God's image: ‘soul’ signifies the spiritual principle in [humanity]".<ref>{{cite book |title= Catechism of the Catholic Church |section=paragraph&nbsp;363 |section-url= https://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P1B.HTM |via= Vatican.va |access-date= 1 March 2023 }}</ref>

All souls living and dead will be judged by Jesus Christ when [[Second Coming|he comes back to earth]]. The Catholic Church teaches that the existence of each individual soul is dependent wholly upon God:
: "The doctrine of the faith affirms that the spiritual and immortal soul is created immediately by God."<ref>{{cite book |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church |section=paragraph&nbsp;382 |via= Vatican.va |section-url=https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p6.htm |access-date= 13 November 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111116203545/https://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p1s2c1p6.htm |archive-date= 16 November 2011}}</ref>

[[File:Dutch Church Sleepy Hollow 24.JPG|thumb|Depiction of the soul on a 17th&nbsp;century tombstone at the cemetery of the [[Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow]] ]]
;Protestantism
Protestants generally believe in the soul's existence and immortality, but fall into two major camps about what this means in terms of an [[afterlife]].  Some, following [[John Calvin]], believe that the [[immortality of the soul|soul persists]] as consciousness after death.<ref>{{cite book |first=Paul |last=Helm |author-link=Paul Helm |year=2006 |title=John Calvin's Ideas |page=129 |quote=The Immortality of the Soul: As we saw when discussing Calvin's Christology, Calvin is a substance dualist.}}</ref> Others, following [[Martin Luther]], believe that the [[mortality of the soul|soul dies with the body]], and is unconscious ("sleeps") until the [[resurrection of the dead]].<ref>{{cite book |first1=Anthony |last1=Grafton |author1-link=Anthony Grafton |last2=Most |first2=Glenn W. |author2-link=Glenn W. Most |last3=Settis |first3=Salvatore |author3-link=Salvatore Settis |title=The Classical Tradition |year=2010 |page=480 |quote=On several occasions, Luther mentioned contemptuously that the ''Council Fathers'' had decreed the soul immortal.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Richard |last=Marius |author-link=Richard Marius |title=Martin Luther: The Christian between God and death |year=1999 |page=429 |quote=Luther, believing in soul sleep at death, held here that in the moment of resurrection ... the righteous will rise to meet Christ in the air, the ungodly will remain on earth for judgment,&nbsp;...}}</ref>

;Adventism:
Various [[new religious movement]]s deriving from [[Adventism]] — including [[Christadelphians]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Birmingham Amended Statement of Faith |url=http://www.christadelphia.org/basf.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216144622/http://www.christadelphia.org/basf.htm |archive-date=16 February 2014 }}</ref> [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventists]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-03 |title=Soul Sleep {{!}} Adventist Review |url=https://adventistreview.org/magazine-article/2009-24/ |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=adventistreview.org |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=beckettj |title=What Is Your Soul, According to the Bible? |url=https://www.adventist.org/death-and-resurrection/what-is-your-soul-according-to-the-bible/ |access-date=2022-08-12 |website=Adventist.org |language=en-US}}</ref> and [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]<ref>{{cite periodical |title= Do you have an immortal soul? |date= 15 July 2007 |periodical=[[The Watchtower]] |page=3 |url=http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/2007520 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231082848/http://wol.jw.org/en/wol/d/r1/lp-e/2007520 |archive-date=31 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=What Does the Bible Really Teach? |page=211}}</ref> — similarly believe that the dead do not possess a soul separate from the body and are unconscious until the resurrection.

;Latter-day Saints ('Mormonism'):
[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] teaches that the spirit and body together constitute the Soul of Man (Mankind). "The spirit and the body are the soul of man."<ref>{{cite book |title=[[Doctrine and Covenants]] |section=88:15 |publisher=[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] |place=Salt Lake City, UT |section-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Err_Jdbuu84C |via=Google Books |quote=And the spirit and the body is the soul of man.}}</ref> Latter-day Saints believe that the soul is the union of a pre-existing, God-made spirit<ref>{{cite book |title=[[Book of Moses|Moses]] |section=6:51 |publisher=[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] |place=Salt Lake City, UT |section-url= https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/pgp/moses/6.51?lang=eng |access-date= 2016-02-23 |via=churchofjesuschrist.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title= Hebrews |section=12:9 |publisher=[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] |place=Salt Lake City, UT |section-url= https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/nt/heb/12.9?lang=eng |access-date= 2016-02-23 |via=churchofjesuschrist.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Doctrine and Covenants |section=131:7–8 |publisher=[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] |place=Salt Lake City, UT |section-url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/131.7-8?lang=eng |via=churchofjesuschrist.org |quote=Joseph Smith goes so far as to say that these spirits are made of a finer matter that we cannot see in our current state}}</ref> and a temporal body, which is formed by physical conception on earth.

After death, the spirit continues to live and progress in the [[Spirit world (Latter Day Saints)|Spirit world]] until the [[resurrection]], when it is reunited with the body that once housed it. This reuniting of body and spirit results in a perfect soul that is immortal, and eternal, and capable of receiving a fulness of joy.<ref>{{cite book |title=[[Book of Mormon]] |chapter=Alma |at=5:15; 11:43–45; 40:23; 41:2 |publisher=[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] |place=Salt Lake City, UT}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Doctrine and Covenants |section=93:33–34 |section-url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/93.33-34?lang=eng |via=churchofjesuschrist.org}}</ref>

Latter-day Saint cosmology also describes "intelligences" as the essence of consciousness or agency. These are co-eternal with God, and animate the spirits.<ref>{{cite book |title=[[Doctrine and Covenants]] |section=93:29–30 |publisher=[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] |place=Salt Lake City, UT |section-url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/93.29-30?lang=eng |via=churchofjesuschrist.org}}</ref> The union of a newly-created spirit body with an eternally-existing intelligence constitutes a "spirit birth"{{Citation needed |date= April 2014}} and justifies God's title "Father of our spirits".<ref>{{cite book |title=[[Teachings of Presidents of the Church]] |year=2011 |section=Chapter&nbsp;37: Joseph F. Smith |pages=331–338 |publisher=[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] |place=Salt Lake City, UT |section-url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/teachings-joseph-f-smith/chapter-37?lang=eng}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Spirit |series=Guide to the Scriptures |publisher=[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] |place=Salt Lake City, UT |url= https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/gs/spirit?lang=eng |access-date= 2014-04-07 |via=churchofjesuschrist.org
}}
</ref><ref>
{{cite book
 |title=[[Gospel Principles]]
 |section=Chapter&nbsp;41: The Postmortal Spirit World
 |publisher=[[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]
 |place=Salt Lake City, UT
 |section-url= https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/manual/gospel-principles/chapter-41-the-postmortal-spirit-world?lang=eng
 |access-date= 2016-02-23
 |via= churchofjesuschrist.org
}}
</ref>