Philanthropy

===Andrew Carnegie===
[[File:Carnegie-1903.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|[[Andrew Carnegie]]'s philanthropy. ''[[Puck (magazine)|Puck]]'' magazine cartoon by [[Louis Dalrymple]], 1903]]

[[Andrew Carnegie]] (1835–1919) was the most influential leader of philanthropy on a national (rather than local) scale. After selling his steel company in 1901 he devoted himself to establishing philanthropic organizations and to making direct contributions to many educational, cultural, and research institutions. He financed over 2,500 public [[Carnegie library|libraries]] built across the United States and abroad. He also funded [[Carnegie Hall]] in New York City and the [[Peace Palace]] in the Netherlands.

His final and largest project was the [[Carnegie Corporation of New York]], founded in 1911 with a {{currency|25 million|USD|passthrough=yes}} endowment, later enlarged to {{currency|135 million|USD|passthrough=yes|linked=no}}. Carnegie Corporation has endowed or otherwise helped to establish institutions that include the Russian Research Center at [[Harvard University]] (now known as the [https://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/ Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies]), the [[Brookings Institution]] and the [[Sesame Workshop]]. In all, Andrew Carnegie gave away 90% of his fortune.<ref>{{cite book|first=Joseph Frazier|last=Wall|title=Andrew Carnegie|url=https://archive.org/details/andrewcarnegie0000wall|url-access=registration|publisher=University of Pittsburgh Press|year=1970|pages=[https://archive.org/details/andrewcarnegie0000wall/page/882/mode/2up 882]–84}}</ref>