November 2015 Paris attacks

== Responses ==

=== Local ===
{{Main|Reactions to the November 2015 Paris attacks#Popular reactions}}

The [[hashtag]] ''#portesouvertes'' ("open doors") was used by Parisians to offer shelter to those afraid to travel home after the attacks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://qz.com/549818/isil-supporters-already-have-a-hashtag-for-the-bloody-paris-attacks-underway/|title=ISIL supporters already have a hashtag for the bloody Paris attacks|author=Caitlin Hu|work=Quartz|date=14 November 2015 |access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116051511/http://qz.com/549818/isil-supporters-already-have-a-hashtag-for-the-bloody-paris-attacks-underway/|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Dozens of mourning people captured during civil service in remembrance of November 2015 Paris attacks victims. Western Europe, France, Paris, place de la République, November 15, 2015.jpg|thumb|left|Civil service in remembrance of the attacks victims at the [[Place de la République]] on 15 November 2015]]
As had been the case in January after the ''Charlie Hebdo'' attacks, the [[Place de la République]] became a focal point of mourning, memorial, and tributes.<ref name="NYT1">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/in-place-de-la-republique-a-defiant-gathering-to-mourn/|title=Attacks in Paris: Live Updates From France|work=The New York Times|date=14 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116015759/http://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/in-place-de-la-republique-a-defiant-gathering-to-mourn/|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> An impromptu memorial also developed near the Bataclan theatre.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/paris-attacks-mother-daughter-pay-tribute-victims-male-sense-n463751|title=Paris Attacks: Mom, Daughter Pay Tribute to Victims, Make Sense of Terror|publisher=NBC News|date=15 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115114711/http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/paris-terror-attacks/paris-attacks-mother-daughter-pay-tribute-victims-male-sense-n463751|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 15 November, two days after the attacks, a memorial service was held at [[Notre Dame Cathedral]], presided over by the Archbishop of Paris, Cardinal [[André Vingt-Trois]], with several political and religious figures in attendance.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/mass-at-notre-dame-will-mourn-victims/|title=Attacks in Paris: Live Updates From France|work=The New York Times|date=14 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117043456/http://www.nytimes.com/live/paris-attacks-live-updates/mass-at-notre-dame-will-mourn-victims/|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Muslim organisations in France, such as the [[Union of Islamic Organisations of France]], strongly condemned the attacks in Paris.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fisher|first=David|title=France's Muslims strongly condemn Paris attacks|url=http://www.newsfultoncounty.com/politics/news/1416259-frances-muslims-strongly-condemn-paris-attacks|date=14 November 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151129092653/http://www.newsfultoncounty.com/politics/news/1416259-frances-muslims-strongly-condemn-paris-attacks|archive-date=29 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Attentats de Paris : les fédérations musulmanes dénoncent "une barbarie abjecte"|url=http://www.rtl.fr/actu/societe-faits-divers/attentats-de-paris-les-federations-musulmanes-denoncent-une-barbarie-abjecte-7780513339|access-date=15 November 2015|publisher=[[RTL (French radio)|RTL]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115232610/http://www.rtl.fr/actu/societe-faits-divers/attentats-de-paris-les-federations-musulmanes-denoncent-une-barbarie-abjecte-7780513339|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Après les attentats à Paris, les musulmans appelés à réagir|url=http://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/021479424407-apres-les-attentats-a-paris-les-musulmans-appeles-a-reagir-1175306.php|access-date=15 November 2015|work=[[Les Échos (France)|Les Échos]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116141449/http://www.lesechos.fr/politique-societe/societe/021479424407-apres-les-attentats-a-paris-les-musulmans-appeles-a-reagir-1175306.php|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The attacks affected business at high-profile venues and shopping centres in Paris, and many Parisians were concerned the attacks might lead to a marginalisation of Muslims in the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/world/europe/parisians-fear-attacks-will-divide-not-unite-the-city.html |title=Parisians Fear Terror Attacks Will Divide, Not Unite, the City|author=Celestine Bohlen|newspaper=The New York Times|date=15 November 2015|access-date=15 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020131558/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/15/world/europe/parisians-fear-attacks-will-divide-not-unite-the-city.html |archive-date=20 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> There was not the same call for solidarity with Islam, as in January, following the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/17/world/europe/after-paris-attacks-a-darker-mood-toward-islam-emerges-in-france.html|title=After Paris Attacks, a Darker Mood Toward Islam Emerges in France|author1=Adam Nossiter|author2=Liz Alderman|name-list-style=amp|newspaper=The New York Times|date=16 November 2015|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117091659/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/17/world/europe/after-paris-attacks-a-darker-mood-toward-islam-emerges-in-france.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Sales of the [[Flag of France|French flag]], which the French had rarely displayed prior to the attacks, increased dramatically after the attacks.<ref name=FrenchPatriotism>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/world/europe/paris-attacks-have-many-in-france-eager-to-join-the-fight.html|title=Paris Attacks Have Many in France Eager to Join the Fight|author=Liz Alderman|newspaper=The New York Times|date=26 November 2015|access-date=26 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151127084903/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/27/world/europe/paris-attacks-have-many-in-france-eager-to-join-the-fight.html|archive-date=27 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 4 December, the Bonne Bière café reopened, adorned by a banner with the defiant slogan "Je suis en terrasse" ("I'm on the Terrace"). A street cleaner told [[France 24]] that the city had removed six truckloads of wilted flowers and several kilograms of candles from memorials placed around this and the other shooting scenes: "We didn't really want to get rid of things, but it feels a bit like a cemetery with all the flowers."<ref>{{cite web|last=Chappell|first=Bill|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/04/458439094/caf-that-was-hit-by-paris-terrorism-attack-reopens|title=Cafe That Was Hit By Paris Terrorism Attack Reopens|date=4 December 2015|work=NPR.org|access-date=4 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011191815/http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/04/458439094/caf-that-was-hit-by-paris-terrorism-attack-reopens|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== National ===

==== Government ====
President Hollande issued a statement asking the French people to remain strong in the face of the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2015/11/13/paris-attacks-president-francois-hollande-sot-tsr.bfmtv/video/playlists/paris-shootings/|title=President Hollande: France will overcome the terrorists|date=13 November 2015|publisher=CNN|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114104352/http://www.cnn.com/videos/world/2015/11/13/paris-attacks-president-francois-hollande-sot-tsr.bfmtv/video/playlists/paris-shootings/|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=Sharma>{{cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Swati|title='It is horror': French President Hollande's remarks after Paris attacks|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/11/13/it-is-horror-french-president-hollandes-remarks-after-paris-attacks/?tid=pm_world_pop_b|access-date=14 November 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114055525/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/11/13/it-is-horror-french-president-hollandes-remarks-after-paris-attacks/?tid=pm_world_pop_b|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> He also visited the Bataclan theatre and vowed to "mercilessly" fight against terrorism.<ref name="Haaretz story" /> Hollande chaired an emergency meeting of the [[Government of France|French Cabinet]] that night and directed his national security council to meet the next morning.<ref name="Haaretz story" /> The authorities urged the residents of Paris to stay indoors for their own safety and declared a state of emergency.<ref name=GuardNov15 /><ref name="National Post 2015-1">{{cite web|title='It's a horror': Hollande orders French borders closed after Paris terror attack leaves at least 149 dead|website=National Post|date=13 November 2015|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/shootout-at-paris-restaurant-leaves-several-dead-police|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20151114043628/http://news.nationalpost.com/news/shootout-at-paris-restaurant-leaves-several-dead-police|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|work=[[Le Figaro]]|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualites/2015/11/13/01001-20151113LIVWWW00406-fusillade-paris-explosions-stade-de-france.php|title=Attaques terroristes à Paris : une centaine de morts, l'état d'urgence décrété|date=13 November 2015 |quote=La Mairie de Paris appelle les habitants de la capitale à rester chez eux|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114040639/http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualites/2015/11/13/01001-20151113LIVWWW00406-fusillade-paris-explosions-stade-de-france.php|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Hollande cancelled his trip to the [[2015 G-20 Antalya summit]] because of the attacks, instead sending Foreign Minister [[Laurent Fabius]] and Finance Minister [[Michel Sapin]] as his representatives.<ref name="G20 trip">{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/hollande-cancels-trip-turkey-g20-attacks-presidency-003825521.html;_ylt=AwrC1Ci8g0ZW52kAs2DQtDMD;_ylu=X3oDMTByOHZyb21tBGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNzcg--|title=Hollande cancels trip to Turkey for G20 after attacks: presidency|publisher=Yahoo! News|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=13 November 2015|access-date=13 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114185503/http://news.yahoo.com/hollande-cancels-trip-turkey-g20-attacks-presidency-003825521.html%3B_ylt%3DAwrC1Ci8g0ZW52kAs2DQtDMD%3B_ylu%3DX3oDMTByOHZyb21tBGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDBHNlYwNzcg--|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 14 November, Hollande announced three [[national day of mourning|days of national mourning]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.europe1.fr/politique/attentats-hollande-decrete-le-deuil-national-pendant-trois-jours-2620373|title=Attentats: Hollande décrète "trois jours de deuil national"|date=14 November 2015 |publisher=Europe 1|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115065524/http://www.europe1.fr/politique/attentats-hollande-decrete-le-deuil-national-pendant-trois-jours-2620373|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 November, Hollande convened a special [[Congress of the French Parliament]] to address the attack and lay out legislative and diplomatic plans he wanted to take in response to them. These proposals included an extension of the state of emergency for three months, changes to the [[Constitution of France|French constitution]], one of which would have enabled France to protect itself from [[dual citizen]]s who might pose a risk, and an increase in military attacks against ISIL.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-34849724 |title=Paris attacks: Hollande upstages opposition |publisher=BBC |date=17 November 2015}}</ref>

On 4 December 2015, the French government published a guide in form of a cartoon on how to survive a terrorist attack. The guide is to be posted in public places and be available online.<ref>{{cite news|title=France publishes guide on how to survive a terrorist attack |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/france-publishes-guide-on-how-to-survive-a-terrorist-attack/article27598417/ |website=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=4 December 2015 |access-date=4 December 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208191825/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/france-publishes-guide-on-how-to-survive-a-terrorist-attack/article27598417/ |archive-date=8 December 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Love|first1=Brian|last2=Callus|first2=Andrew|title=France issues guide to surviving terrorist attack|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-shooting-advisory-idUSKBN0TN1LY20151204 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=4 December 2015 |access-date=4 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151205025940/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-france-shooting-advisory-idUSKBN0TN1LY20151204 |archive-date=5 December 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

In July 2016, the French government published the report of a commission of inquiry, presided over by [[Georges Fenech]], into possible security failings relating to the 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris. The report recommended the establishment of a single "national anti-terrorism agency".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20160705-french-inquiry-recommends-intelligence-overhaul-after-paris-attacks |title=French inquiry calls for intelligence overhaul after Paris attacks |publisher=France 24 |date=5 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/14/rap-enq/r3922-t2.asp |title= French Parliamentary commission's report |author= Assemblée Nationale |date=5 July 2016 |publisher= Assemblée National|access-date= 23 July 2019}}</ref>

In August 2016, minister of the interior Bernard Cazeneuve stated that about 20 radicalised mosques and more than 80 hate preachers had been expelled from France since 2012.<ref name="figaro1aug2016">{{cite news|title=Une vingtaine de mosquées fermées depuis décembre, annonce Cazeneuve|url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2016/08/01/01016-20160801ARTFIG00129-une-vingtaine-de-mosquees-fermees-depuis-decembre-annonce-cazeneuve.php|access-date=16 March 2017|work=Le Figaro|date=1 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170317143031/http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2016/08/01/01016-20160801ARTFIG00129-une-vingtaine-de-mosquees-fermees-depuis-decembre-annonce-cazeneuve.php|archive-date=17 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Military ====
On 15 November, the [[French Air Force]] launched the biggest airstrike of [[Opération Chammal]], its bombing campaign against ISIL, sending 10 aircraft to drop 20 bombs on [[Raqqa]], the city where ISIL is based.<ref name="Airstrikes against ISIS, Police Raids">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/15/paris-attacks-car-found-with-kalashnikovs-as-gunmans-relatives-questioned|title=Paris attacks: French police launch raids as military strikes Isis in Syria|work=The Guardian|date=16 November 2015|access-date=16 November 2015 |last=Henley |first=Jon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115223117/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/15/paris-attacks-car-found-with-kalashnikovs-as-gunmans-relatives-questioned|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 16 November, the French Air Force carried out more airstrikes on ISIL targets in Raqqa, including a command centre and a training camp.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/16/middleeast/france-raqqa-airstrikes-on-isis/|title=French jets bomb ISIS stronghold of Raqqa|publisher=CNN|date=16 November 2015|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119221911/http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/16/middleeast/france-raqqa-airstrikes-on-isis/|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> On 18 November 2015, French aircraft carrier ''[[Charles de Gaulle (aircraft carrier)|Charles de Gaulle]]'' left its home port of [[Toulon]] heading towards the eastern [[Mediterranean]] to support bombing operations carried out by the [[Military intervention against ISIL|international coalition]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/video/2015/11/18/le-porte-avions-charles-de-gaulle-a-appareille-en-direction-de-la-mediterranee-orientale_4812714_3218.html |title=Le porte-avions " Charles-de-Gaulle " a appareillé en direction de la Méditerranée orientale |trans-title=Aircraft Carrier "Charles de Gaulle" Heading Towards Eastern Mediterranean |newspaper=Le Monde.fr |date=18 November 2015 |access-date=23 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118220542/http://www.lemonde.fr/proche-orient/video/2015/11/18/le-porte-avions-charles-de-gaulle-a-appareille-en-direction-de-la-mediterranee-orientale_4812714_3218.html |archive-date=18 November 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> This decision was taken before the November attacks but was accelerated by the events.

French authorities regularly gave detailed information to US authorities on the whereabouts of high-ranking IS members in the Syria-Iraq zone to be tracked and killed. This cooperation led to American air strikes being able to kill the planners of the 13 November 2015 attacks. United States authorities cooperated as they consider that if terrorist attacks hadn't taken place in France, they would have done so in the US instead.<ref name="france1"/>

==== Public ====
Applications to join the [[French Army]], which were around 100–150 per day in 2014, rose to 1,500 in the week following the attacks, higher than the rise to 400 after the ''Charlie Hebdo'' shooting in January.<ref name=FrenchPatriotism/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Floc'h|first1=Benoît|title=Au centre de recrutement des armées :" Ce coup-là, c'est bon, je m'engage "|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/attaques-a-paris/article/2015/11/19/au-centre-de-recrutement-des-armees-ce-coup-la-c-est-bon-je-m-engage_4813846_4809495.html|access-date=20 November 2015|work=[[Le Monde]]|date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120060154/http://www.lemonde.fr/attaques-a-paris/article/2015/11/19/au-centre-de-recrutement-des-armees-ce-coup-la-c-est-bon-je-m-engage_4813846_4809495.html|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

==== Domestic politics ====
All major political parties, including Hollande's governing [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]], [[Marine Le Pen]]'s [[National Front (France)|National Front]], and [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]'s [[The Republicans (France)|Republicans]] temporarily suspended their election campaigns for the [[2015 French regional elections|upcoming French regional elections]].<ref name="Regional election campaigning suspended">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/paris-terror-attacks-fn-far-right-le-pen-front-national|title=Front National has chance to take centre stage after Paris attacks|work=The Guardian|date=14 November 2015|access-date=16 November 2015|last=Willsher|first=Kim|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115231706/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/paris-terror-attacks-fn-far-right-le-pen-front-national|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> There was a nationwide minute of silence at noon which President Hollande and several ministers observed at a ceremony at the Paris Sorbonne University.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/attaques-a-paris/video/2015/11/16/minute-de-silence-a-la-sorbonne-en-presence-du-president-hollande_4811066_4809495.html|title=Minute de silence à la Sorbonne en présence du président Hollande|work=Le Monde.fr|access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117041420/http://www.lemonde.fr/attaques-a-paris/video/2015/11/16/minute-de-silence-a-la-sorbonne-en-presence-du-president-hollande_4811066_4809495.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 18 November, Hollande reaffirmed France's commitment to accept 30,000 Syrian refugees over the next two years.<ref>{{cite news|last=Potter|first=Mitch|date=18 November 2015|title=Hollande promises France will remain a country of freedom|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/11/18/hollande-promises-france-will-remain-a-country-of-freedom.html|newspaper=Toronto Star|location=Toronto, Canada|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119140851/http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/11/18/hollande-promises-france-will-remain-a-country-of-freedom.html|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> This was despite the doubts that the terror attack had sown in people's minds. His announcement drew a standing ovation from a gathering of French mayors.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/11/18/france-says-it-will-take-30000-syrian-refugees-while-u-s-republicans-would-turn-them-away/|title=France says it will take 30,000 Syrian refugees, while U.S. Republicans would turn them away|author=Ishaan Tharoor|date=18 November 2015|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119163315/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/11/18/france-says-it-will-take-30000-syrian-refugees-while-u-s-republicans-would-turn-them-away/|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

However, in the election campaign for the regional elections of France, to begin on 6 December 2015, Marine Le Pen, leader of the far-right Front National party who was vying to be president of the Nord-Pas de Calais area, was recommending hardline security measures. She was getting a great deal of media attention with her strong anti-immigrant stance and may have been helping to sway public opinion across France. "The influx of migrants must be stopped," Le Pen told the CBC in an interview.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/france-le-pen-canada-refugees-1.3340209 |title=France's National Front leader calls Canada's refugee plan 'madness' |first=Lisa |last=Mayer |date=27 November 2015 |website=CBC News |publisher=CBC/Radio Canada |access-date=1 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151201000235/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/france-le-pen-canada-refugees-1.3340209 |archive-date=1 December 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Le Pen was doing well in opinion polls as of early December 2015. Since the elections would start only weeks after the Paris attacks, she was thought to be getting dividends from the timing, when the fear of terrorism was still very strong.<ref>{{cite news |last=Vivdon-White |first=Maya |date=26 November 2015 |title=France's far-right party surges on immigration, terror fears |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/nov/26/frances-far-right-party-surges-on-immigration-terr/ |newspaper=Washington Times |location=Washington, DC, USA |access-date=1 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130203930/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/nov/26/frances-far-right-party-surges-on-immigration-terr/ |archive-date=30 November 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

=== European Union ===
{{Main|Reactions to the November 2015 Paris attacks#European Union}}

[[Jean-Claude Juncker]], President of the [[European Commission]], rejected calls to rethink the European Union's policy on migration. Dismissing suggestions that open borders led to the attacks, Juncker said he believed that the attacks should be met with a stronger display of liberal values, including internal open borders.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.freerepublic.com/tag/news-news/index?more=9356590|title=News/Current Events (News/Activism)|access-date=5 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130193629/http://www.freerepublic.com/tag/news-news/index?more=9356590|archive-date=30 January 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.praguepost.com/eu-news/50718-pm-disappointed-at-juncker-s-words-about-migration|title=PM disappointed at Juncker's words about migration|date=15 November 2015|website=The Prague Post|access-date=21 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121035134/http://praguepost.com/eu-news/50718-pm-disappointed-at-juncker-s-words-about-migration|archive-date=21 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> European Commission Vice-president [[Federica Mogherini]] and EU defence ministers unanimously backed France's request for help in military missions.<ref>{{cite web|title = Paris attacks: Latest updates – BBC News|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-34840858|website = www.bbc.com| date=17 November 2015 |access-date = 17 November 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151117131840/http://www.bbc.com/news/live/world-europe-34840858|archive-date = 17 November 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>

The United Kingdom has stated its intent to help France with operations in Syria,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1592482/pm-uk-should-join-france-in-syria-strikes|title=PM: UK Should Join France in Syria Strikes|work=Sky News|access-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125044750/http://news.sky.com/story/1592482/pm-uk-should-join-france-in-syria-strikes|archive-date=25 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> while some countries intend to aid France by taking over activities in Africa. Germany announced sending troops to Mali and military trainers to Kurdish forces in Iraq, and on 4 December voted in favour of deploying aircraft and a frigate in an effort to aid the French forces over Syria.<ref>{{cite web|title = German parliament gives green light to air missions in Syria|url = http://www.euronews.com/2015/12/04/german-parliament-approves-air-strikes-in-syria-against-isil-by-445-to-146-votes/|website = euronews|date = 4 December 2015|access-date = 4 December 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151206230428/http://www.euronews.com/2015/12/04/german-parliament-approves-air-strikes-in-syria-against-isil-by-445-to-146-votes/|archive-date = 6 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-send-up-to-650-soldiers-to-mali/a-18874576|title=Germany to send up to 650 soldiers to Mali|website=dw.com|access-date=25 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125135841/http://www.dw.com/en/germany-to-send-up-to-650-soldiers-to-mali/a-18874576|archive-date=25 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

The attacks prompted European officials to re-evaluate their stance on EU policy toward migrants, especially in light of the ongoing [[European migrant crisis]].<ref name="ParisAttacksMigrants1">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/16/world/europe/paris-attacks-shift-europes-migrant-focus-to-security.html |title=Paris Attacks Shift Europe's Migrant Focus to Security|author1=Rick Lyman|author2=Alison Smale|name-list-style=amp|newspaper=The New York Times|date=15 November 2015|access-date=16 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160329030311/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/16/world/europe/paris-attacks-shift-europes-migrant-focus-to-security.html |archive-date=29 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ParisAttacksMigrants2">{{cite news |title=Paris Attacks Provoke Fresh Migrant Fears in Europe |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/11/14/world/europe/ap-eu-germany-migrants-rising-tensions.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118052008/http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/11/14/world/europe/ap-eu-germany-migrants-rising-tensions.html |archive-date=18 November 2015 |url-status=dead |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=14 November 2015 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=14 November 2015}}</ref> Many German officials believed a higher level of scrutiny was needed, and criticised German Chancellor [[Angela Merkel]], while the German Vice-Chancellor [[Sigmar Gabriel]] defended her.<ref name="ParisAttacksMigrants2" />

French Interior Minister Bernard Cazeneuve said that he would meet with EU ministers to discuss how to deal with terrorism across the European Union.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/11/19/france-pm-terrorists-could-use-chemical-weapons-next.html|title=Paris attacks suspected mastermind killed in Saint-Denis raids|last=Bloomberg and Associated Press|date=19 November 2015|work=Toronto Star|access-date=19 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119202621/http://www.thestar.com/news/world/2015/11/19/france-pm-terrorists-could-use-chemical-weapons-next.html|archive-date=19 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> Meeting reports indicated that Schengen area border controls have been tightened for EU citizens entering or leaving, with passport checks<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/story/1591309/eu-agrees-to-tighten-border-checks-after-paris|title=EU agrees to tighten border checks|date=20 November 2015|publisher=Sky News|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121135306/http://news.sky.com/story/1591309/eu-agrees-to-tighten-border-checks-after-paris|archive-date=21 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and systematic screening against biometric databases.

Poland's European affairs minister designate [[Konrad Szymański]] declared that he saw no possibility of enacting the recent [[European migrant crisis#European Union|EU refugee relocation]] scheme.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/poland-plans-to-backtrack-on-migrant-commitment-following-attacks-in-paris-a6734521.html|title=Poland says it cannot accept migrants under EU quotas, following attacks in Paris|newspaper=The Independent|date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151116170030/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/poland-plans-to-backtrack-on-migrant-commitment-following-attacks-in-paris-a6734521.html|archive-date=16 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-france-shooting-poland-reaction-idUKKCN0T30P920151114|title=Poland says cannot take migrants under EU quotas without guarantees after Paris attacks |publisher=[[Reuters]] UK |date=14 November 2015|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114182022/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/11/14/uk-france-shooting-poland-reaction-idUKKCN0T30P920151114|archive-date=14 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> The new Prime Minister of Poland, [[Beata Szydło]] said she would ask the EU to change its decision on refugee quotas.<ref>[http://kurier.pap.pl/depesza/158613/ Premier w internecie. Szydło: zaproponujemy Unii Europejskiej zmiany decyzji w sprawie uchodźców] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122134152/http://kurier.pap.pl/depesza/158613/ |date=22 November 2015 }} Kurier PAP 21 November 2015 05:31</ref><ref>[http://www.thenews.pl/1/10/Artykul/229798,PM-Szydlo-we-need-to-assess-whether-EU-refugees-decision-was-appropriate PM Szydło: we need to assess whether EU refugees decision was 'appropriate'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151122055914/http://www.thenews.pl/1/10/Artykul/229798,PM-Szydlo-we-need-to-assess-whether-EU-refugees-decision-was-appropriate |date=22 November 2015 }} Polskie Radio 21 November 2015 12:07</ref> Szydło said Poland would honour the commitment made by the previous government to accommodate 9,000 refugees.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globalpost.com/article/6692390/2015/11/22/tunisia-group-claims-beheading-teen-shepherd |title=Poland's new right-wing government takes hard line on migrants |last=Agence France-Press |date=16 November 2015 |website=Global Post|access-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123084828/http://www.globalpost.com/article/6692390/2015/11/22/tunisia-group-claims-beheading-teen-shepherd |archive-date=23 November 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/polish-pm-slams-eu-policy/2273012.html |title=Polish PM slams EU policy as 'export of migrant problem' |last=Agence France-Press |date=18 November 2015 |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |access-date=22 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123101029/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/polish-pm-slams-eu-policy/2273012.html |archive-date=23 November 2015 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

Hungary's prime minister, [[Viktor Orbán]], rejected the concept of mandatory resettlement quotas.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://euobserver.com/migration/131175|title=France confirms it will receive 30,000 refugees|last=Maurice|first=Eric|date=19 November 2015|website=EUobserver|access-date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120180629/https://euobserver.com/migration/131175|archive-date=20 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Czech Prime Minister [[Bohuslav Sobotka]] criticised President [[Miloš Zeman]] for supporting [[Counterjihad|anti-Islamic groups]] and spreading hatred, according to Reuters, whose report added that the Sobotka government had been deporting migrants.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-immmigrants-czech-pm-idUSKCN0T91LY20151120#O9u6r1hgyhl4fLQI.99|title=Czech PM rebukes president for supporting anti-Islamic groups: paper|last1=Lopatka|first1=Jan|last2=Muller|first2=Robert|date=20 November 2015 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |access-date=20 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151121075911/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/11/20/us-immmigrants-czech-pm-idUSKCN0T91LY20151120#O9u6r1hgyhl4fLQI.99|archive-date=21 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Intelligence review ===
[[File:Paris Shootings - The day after (22593744177).jpg|thumb|French police gathering evidence at the Bataclan theatre on 14 November]]

Shortly after the attacks, intelligence staff in multiple countries began to review electronic surveillance recorded before the attacks.<ref name="Nossiter 2015" /> [[Adam Schiff]], the [[Ranking member|ranking Democratic member]] of the [[United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence]], said he did not know of any intercepted communications that would have provided warning of the attacks.<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. reacts to Paris attacks; officials unaware of prior 'chatter'|url=http://www.journalnow.com/news/nation_world/u-s-reacts-to-paris-attacks-officials-unaware-of-prior/article_b4c24762-8a72-11e5-9423-5f7fb85bd671.html|website=Winston-Salem Journal|agency=Associated Press|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010120421/http://www.journalnow.com/news/nation_world/u-s-reacts-to-paris-attacks-officials-unaware-of-prior/article_b4c24762-8a72-11e5-9423-5f7fb85bd671.html|archive-date=10 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

One source said the French National Police met with German police and intelligence services a month before the attack to discuss suspicions that terrorists were staking out possible targets in France. The exact targets were not known at that time.<ref name="sofrep">{{cite web|last1=Murphy|first1=Jack|title=Breaking: French and German Police Knew Paris Attack Was Coming a Month Prior|url=http://sofrep.com/44480/french-and-german-police-knew-paris-attack-was-coming-a-month-prior/|website=SOFREP.com|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115011102/http://sofrep.com/44480/french-and-german-police-knew-paris-attack-was-coming-a-month-prior/|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Police in Germany stopped a car on 5 November, arrested its driver, and confiscated weapons that may have been connected to the Paris attacks.<ref>{{cite news|title=Man Arrested in Germany With Weapons in Car May Have Links To Paris Attacks|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/paris-attacks-weapons_56474262e4b06037734934e0|website=The Huffington Post|agency=Associated Press|access-date=14 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151115044348/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/paris-attacks-weapons_56474262e4b06037734934e0|archive-date=15 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

Some of the attackers were known to law enforcement officials prior to the attacks, and at least some of the attackers lived in the [[Sint-Jans-Molenbeek|Molenbeek]] area of Brussels, which is noted for its links to extremist activities.<ref name="CoordinatedAttacks" /> A counter-terrorism expert said the fact that the perpetrators were known to authorities suggested that intelligence was "pretty good" but the ability to act on it was lacking. The number of Europeans who have links to Syria makes it difficult for security services to keep track of them all.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Higgins|first1=Andrew|last2=DE FREYTAS-TAMURA|first2=KIMIKO|last3=BENNHOLDNOV|first3=KATRIN|title=In Suspects' Brussels Neighborhood, a History of Petty Crimes and Missed Chances|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/17/world/europe/in-suspects-brussels-neighborhood-a-history-of-petty-crimes-and-missed-chances.html|work=The New York Times|date=17 November 2015 |access-date=17 November 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117101804/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/17/world/europe/in-suspects-brussels-neighborhood-a-history-of-petty-crimes-and-missed-chances.html|archive-date=17 November 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 26 December 2015, "Belgian newspaper ''De Morgen'' reported that a police oversight body, known as Committee P," is investigating why prior warnings from a school about the radicalisation of one of the attackers, Bilal Hadfi, were not reported to Belgian law enforcement.<ref>{{Cite news|title = School's Warnings About Paris Attacker Were Not Passed On|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/27/world/europe/schools-warnings-about-paris-attacker-were-not-passed-on.html|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 26 December 2015|access-date = 26 December 2015|issn = 0362-4331|first1 = Sewell|last1 = Chan|first2 = Milan|last2 = Schreuer|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151226233001/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/27/world/europe/schools-warnings-about-paris-attacker-were-not-passed-on.html|archive-date = 26 December 2015|url-status = live}}</ref>

On 8 March 2021, [[Italy|Italian]] police arrested a 36-year-old [[Algeria]]n man on suspicion of helping authors of the Paris attacks and for belonging to the [[Islamic State group]]. It was reported that he had "guaranteed the availability of forged documents" to the Paris attackers.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210308-italy-arrests-forger-over-links-to-2015-paris-attack|title=Italy arrests 'forger' over links to 2015 Paris attack|access-date=8 March 2021|website=France 24|date=8 March 2021}}</ref>