Monotheism

====Native American religion====
[[Native American religion]]s may be monotheistic, polytheistic, henotheistic, animistic, or some combination thereof. [[Cherokee spiritual beliefs|Cherokee religion]], for example, is monotheist as well as pantheist.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Buskirk |first=Kathy Van |date=2007-04-04 |title=The Cherokee religion |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2007/04/cherokee-language-dances-songs |access-date=2024-02-28 |website=New Statesman |language=en-US}}</ref>

The [[Great Spirit]], called ''[[Wakan Tanka]]'' among the [[Sioux]],<ref name=Ostler>Ostler, Jeffry. The Plains Sioux and U.S. Colonialism from Lewis and Clark to Wounded Knee. Cambridge University Press, Jul 5, 2004. {{ISBN|0521605903}}, pg 26.</ref> and ''[[Gitche Manitou]]'' in [[Algonquian languages|Algonquian]], is a conception of universal spiritual force, or [[God|supreme being]] prevalent among some [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] and [[First Nations in Canada|First Nation]] cultures.<ref name=Thomas>Thomas, Robert Murray. Manitou and God: North-American Indian Religions and Christian Culture. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007. {{ISBN|0313347794}} pg 35.</ref> According to [[Lakota people|Lakota]] activist [[Russell Means]] a better translation of ''Wakan Tanka'' is the Great Mystery.<ref name=Means>Means, Robert. Where White Men Fear to Tread: The Autobiography of Russell Means. Macmillan, 1995. {{ISBN|0312147619}} pg 241.</ref>

Some researchers have interpreted [[Aztec philosophy]] as fundamentally monotheistic or panentheistic. While the populace at large believed in a polytheistic pantheon, Aztec priests and nobles might have come to an interpretation of [[Teotl]] as a single universal force with many facets.<ref name="iepMaffie">{{cite encyclopedia|author=James Maffie|title=Aztec Philosophy|encyclopedia= [[Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|date= 2005|url=http://www.iep.utm.edu/a/aztec.htm }}</ref> There has been criticism to this idea, however, most notably that many assertions of this supposed monotheism might actually come from post-Conquistador bias, imposing an Antiquity pagan model onto the Aztec.<ref>James Maffie, Aztec Philosophy: Understanding a World in Motion, University Press of Colorado, 15/03/2014</ref>