Maui

==Modern development==
[[File:KahakuloaHead sml.jpg|thumb|left|Kahakuloa Head near the tiny village of [[Kahakuloa, Hawaii|Kahakuloa]] on the north side of west Maui]]

The island experienced rapid population growth through 2007, with Kīhei one of the most rapidly growing towns in the United States (see chart, below). The island attracted many retirees, adding service providers for them to the rapidly increasing number of tourists. Population growth produced strains, including traffic congestion, housing unaffordability, and issues of access to water.

{{US Census population
|1950=40103
|1960=35717
|1970=38691
|1980=62823
|1990=91361
|2000=117644
|2010=144444
|footnote=State of Hawaii {{R|PopRef}}
|2020=168307}}

Most recent years have brought droughts, resulting in the {{okina}}Īao aquifer being drawn at possibly unsustainable rates above 18 million U.S. gallons (68,000 m<sup>3</sup>) per day. Recent estimates indicate that the total potential supply of potable water on Maui is around 476 million U.S. gallons (1,800,000 m<sup>3</sup>) per day, {{Citation needed|date=June 2017}} virtually all of which runs off into the ocean.

Water for sugar cultivation comes mostly from the streams of East Maui, routed through a network of tunnels and ditches hand dug by [[Chinese immigration to Hawaii|Chinese]] laborers in the 19th century. In 2006, the town of [[Paia, Hawaii|Paia]] successfully petitioned the county against mixing in treated water from wells known to be contaminated with both [[1,2-dibromoethane]] and [[1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane]] from former pineapple cultivation in the area (''Environment Hawaii'', 1996). Agricultural companies have been released from all future liability for these chemicals (County of Maui, 1999). In 2009, the Office of Hawaiian Affairs and others successfully argued in court that sugar companies should reduce the amount of water they take from four streams.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.starbulletin.com/news/20090412_Pending_ruling_restores_water_to_4_streams_on_Maui.html |title=Pending ruling restores water to 4 streams on Maui |work=Honolulu Star-Advertiser |access-date=10 October 2014}}</ref>

In 1974, Emil Tedeschi of the [[Napa Valley]] winegrower family of [[Calistoga, California]], established the first Hawaiian commercial winery, the Tedeschi Winery at Ulupalakua Ranch.

In the 2000s, controversies raged over whether to continue rapid real-estate development, vacation rentals in which homeowners rent their homes to visitors, and [[Hawaii Superferry]]. In 2003, Corey Ryder of the Earth Foundation gave a presentation regarding the unique situation on Maui, "Hazard mitigation, safety & security", before the Maui County Council.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slideshare.net/earthfoundation/earth-foundationcoreyryder |title=Earth foundation-corey-ryder |access-date=10 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141024124806/http://www.slideshare.net/earthfoundation/earth-foundationcoreyryder |archive-date=24 October 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all}}</ref> In 2009, the county approved a 1,000-unit development in South Maui in the teeth of the financial crisis. Vacation rentals are now strictly limited, with greater enforcement than previously. Hawaii Superferry, which offered transport between Maui and Oahu, ceased operations in May 2009, ended by a court decision that required environmental studies from which Governor [[Linda Lingle]] had exempted the operator.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/stories/2009/03/23/story5.html?page=all |title=Supreme Court ruling forces Hawaii Superferry shutdown, layoffs |access-date=2013-06-27 |archive-date=2014-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140718233006/http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/stories/2009/03/23/story5.html?page=all |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2016, Maui residents convinced officials to switch to [[organic pesticides]] for highway applications after they found out that label requirements for [[glyphosate formulation]]s were not being followed.<ref name=time>{{Cite magazine |title=How Activists Are Restricting Use of a Major Pesticide |magazine=Time |access-date=2018-08-15 |url=http://time.com/4295272/glyphosate-pesticide-roundup-hawaii-activists/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129085757/http://time.com/4295272/glyphosate-pesticide-roundup-hawaii-activists/ |archive-date=2018-01-29 |url-status=live}}</ref>