London

===Local government===
{{main|Local government in London|History of local government in London|List of heads of London government}}
[[File:City coat of arms, Holborn Viaduct (cropped).jpg|thumb|[[Coat of arms of the City of London|Arms of the Corporation of the City of London]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sacred-texts.com/lcr/fsca/fsca19.htm|title=The Heraldic Dragon|work=Fictitious and Symbolic Creatures in Art |first1=John |last1=Vinycomb |date=1909 |publisher=Internet Sacred Text Archive |access-date=23 July 2015|archive-date=28 May 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170528185311/http://www.sacred-texts.com/lcr/fsca/fsca19.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>]]
The administration of London is formed of two tiers: a citywide, strategic tier and a local tier. Citywide administration is coordinated by the [[Greater London Authority]] (GLA), while local administration is carried out by 33 smaller authorities.<ref name="london_032">{{Cite web |title=Who runs London – Find Out Who Runs London and How |url=http://www.londoncouncils.gov.uk/who-runs-london|access-date=28 March 2021 |website=[[London Councils]] }}</ref> The GLA consists of two elected components: the [[mayor of London]], who has [[executive powers]], and the [[London Assembly]], which scrutinises the mayor's decisions and can accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals each year. The GLA has responsibility for the majority of London's transport system through its functional arm [[Transport for London]] (TfL), it is responsible for overseeing the city's police and fire services, and also for setting a strategic vision for London on a range of issues.<ref name="london_goverance">{{cite web |title=The essential guide to London local government |url=https://www.londoncouncils.gov.uk/who-runs-london/essential-guide-london-local-government |publisher=London Councils |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref> The headquarters of the GLA is [[City Hall, Newham|City Hall]], Newham. The mayor since 2016 has been [[Sadiq Khan]], the first [[Muslim]] mayor of a major Western capital.<ref>{{Cite news |title=London Elections 2016: Results |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election/2016/london/results |access-date=7 May 2016}}</ref> The mayor's [[statutory planning]] strategy is published as the [[London Plan]], which was most recently revised in 2011.<ref name="london_plan">{{Cite web |title=The London Plan |url=http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/planning/londonplan |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508220051/http://www.london.gov.uk/priorities/planning/londonplan |archive-date=8 May 2012 |access-date=25 May 2012 |website=[[Greater London Authority]] }}</ref>

The local authorities are the councils of the 32 [[London borough]]s and the [[City of London Corporation]].<ref name="london_035">{{Cite web |title=London Government Directory – London Borough Councils |url=http://directory.londoncouncils.gov.uk/ |access-date=29 March 2017 |website=[[London Councils]] }}</ref> They are responsible for most local services, such as local planning, schools, libraries, leisure and recreation, [[social work|social services]], local roads and refuse collection.<ref>{{cite web |title=London Government |url=https://www.politics.co.uk/reference/london-government/ |publisher=politics.co.uk |access-date=19 June 2023}}</ref> Certain functions, such as [[Waste disposal authorities in London|waste management]], are provided through joint arrangements. In 2009–2010 the combined revenue expenditure by London councils and the GLA amounted to just over £22&nbsp;billion (£14.7&nbsp;billion for the boroughs and £7.4&nbsp;billion for the GLA).<ref>{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Local Government Financial Statistics England No.21 (2011) |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/7462/1911067.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428000713/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/7462/1911067.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=25 March 2021 |archive-date=28 April 2018}}</ref>

The [[London Fire Brigade]] is the [[statute|statutory]] [[Fire service in the UK|fire and rescue service]] for Greater London, run by the [[London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority]]. It is the third largest fire service in the world.<ref name="LFB">{{Cite web |url=http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/WhoWeAre.asp |title=Who we are |publisher=London Fire Brigade |access-date=25 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429034538/http://www.london-fire.gov.uk/WhoWeAre.asp |archive-date=29 April 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[National Health Service]] [[Emergency medical services|ambulance services]] are provided by the [[London Ambulance Service|London Ambulance Service (LAS) NHS Trust]], the largest free-at-the-point-of-use emergency ambulance service in the world.<ref name="LAS">{{Cite web |url=http://www.londonambulance.nhs.uk/about_us.aspx |title=About us |publisher=London Ambulance Service NHS Trust |access-date=25 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110427031902/http://www.londonambulance.nhs.uk/about_us.aspx |archive-date=27 April 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The [[London Air Ambulance]] charity operates in conjunction with the LAS where required. [[Her Majesty's Coastguard]] and the [[Royal National Lifeboat Institution]] operate on the [[River Thames]], which is under the jurisdiction of the [[Port of London Authority]] from [[Teddington Lock]] to the sea.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Port of London Act 1968 (as amended) |url=http://www.pla.co.uk/Port-of-London-Act-1968 |access-date=29 March 2021 |website=[[Port of London Authority]]}}</ref>