Hillary Clinton Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.Anti-spam check. Do not fill this in! ==First Lady of the United States (1993–2001)== {{main|Hillary Clinton's tenure as First Lady of the United States}} When Bill Clinton took office as president in January 1993, Hillary Rodham Clinton became the first lady. Her press secretary reiterated she would be using that form of her name.{{efn|name=ex04}} She was the first in this role to have a [[Postgraduate education|postgraduate degree]] and her own professional career up to the time of entering the [[White House]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/biography/clinton-hillary/ |title=Hillary Rodham Clinton |publisher=[[PBS]] |access-date=December 2, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228125947/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/biography/clinton-hillary/ |archive-date=December 28, 2014 }} Clinton had the first postgraduate degree through regular study and scholarly work. [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] had previously been awarded a postgraduate honorary degree. Clinton's successor [[Laura Bush]] became the second first lady with a postgraduate degree.</ref> She was also the first to have an office in the [[West Wing]] of the White House in addition to the usual first lady offices in the [[East Wing]].<ref name="nfll"/><ref>Troy 2006, p. 71.</ref> During [[Presidential transition of Bill Clinton|the presidential transition]], she was part of the innermost circle vetting appointments to the new administration. Her choices filled at least eleven top-level positions and dozens more lower-level ones.<ref>Troy 2006, p. 68.</ref><ref name="vox">{{cite web |last1=Skinner |first1=Richard |title=Bill Clinton set a bad example with his transition |url=https://www.vox.com/mischiefs-of-faction/2016/10/7/13143186/bill-clinton-transition-bad |website=Vox |access-date=February 1, 2021 |language=en |date=October 7, 2016}}</ref> After [[Eleanor Roosevelt]], Clinton was regarded as the most openly empowered presidential wife in American history.<ref>Troy 2006, p. xii.</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=First Lady President? |author=Rajghatta, Chidanand |date=January–February 2004 |work=[[Verve (Indian magazine)|Verve]] |author-link=Chidanand Rajghatta |url=http://www.verveonline.com/27/people/hillary/full.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040701113441/http://www.verveonline.com/27/people/hillary/full.shtml |archive-date=July 1, 2004}}</ref> Some critics called it inappropriate for the first lady to play a central role in public policy matters. Supporters pointed out that Clinton's role in policy was no different from that of other White House advisors, and that voters had been well aware she would play an active role in her husband's presidency.<ref>{{Cite news |title=The First Lady: Homemaker or Policy-Maker? |url=http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/first-lady-homemaker-or-policy-maker |author=Peart, Karen N. |publisher=[[Scholastic Press]] |access-date=August 22, 2006}}</ref> ===Health care and other policy initiatives=== {{See also|Clinton health care plan of 1993}} [[File:Hillary Clinton healthcare presentation 53520u (cropped1).jpg|thumb|alt=Photograph of Clinton making a presentation sitting at a table in front of a microphone|Clinton presenting her health care plan to Congress in 1993]] In January 1993, President Clinton named Hillary to chair a [[Clinton health care plan of 1993|task force on National Health Care Reform]], hoping to replicate the success she had in leading the effort for Arkansas education reform.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=170–75}} The recommendation of the task force became known as the [[Clinton health care plan]]. This was a comprehensive proposal that would require employers to provide health coverage to their employees through individual [[health maintenance organization]]s. Its opponents quickly derided the plan as "Hillarycare" and it even faced opposition from some Democrats in Congress.{{sfnm |1a1=Bernstein |1y=2007 |1pp=287–89, 400–02 |2a1=Gerth |2a2=Van Natta |2y=2007 |2pp=139–40}} Failing to gather enough support for a floor vote in either the House or the Senate (although Democrats controlled both chambers), the proposal was abandoned in September 1994.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=287–89, 400–02}} Clinton later acknowledged in her memoir that her political inexperience partly contributed to the defeat but cited many other factors. The first lady's approval ratings, which had generally been in the high-50 percent range during her first year, fell to 44 percent in April 1994 and 35 percent by September 1994.<ref>Bernstein 2007, pp. 240, 380, 530. The [[Whitewater controversy|Whitewater investigations]] were also a factor in her declining rating.</ref> The Republican Party negatively highlighted the Clinton health care plan in their campaign for the [[1994 United States elections|1994 midterm elections]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/forum/may96/background/health_debate_page3.html |title=A Detailed Timeline of the Healthcare Debate portrayed in 'The System' |date=May 1996 |publisher=[[PBS]]|access-date=September 25, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071029030146/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/forum/may96/background/health_debate_page3.html |archive-date=October 29, 2007}}</ref> The Republican Party saw strong success in the midterms, and many analysts and pollsters found the healthcare plan to be a major factor in the Democrats' defeat, especially among [[independent (voter)|independent]] voters.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,981987-2,00.html |title=The Once and Future Hillary |author=Carney, James |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=December 12, 1994}}</ref> After this, the White House subsequently sought to downplay Clinton's role in shaping policy.<ref>Burns 2008, p. 141.</ref> Along with senators [[Ted Kennedy]] and [[Orrin Hatch]], Clinton was a force behind the passage of the [[State Children's Health Insurance Program]] in 1997, which gave state support to children whose parents could not provide them health coverage. She participated in campaigns to promote the enrollment of children in the program after it took effect.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.factcheck.org/2008/03/giving-hillary-credit-for-schip/ |title=Giving Hillary Credit for SCHIP |author=Jackson, Brooks |publisher=[[FactCheck.org]] |date=March 18, 2008}}</ref> Enactment of [[welfare reform]] was a major goal of Bill Clinton's presidency. When the first two bills on the issue came from a Republican-controlled Congress lacking protections for people coming off welfare, Hillary urged her husband to veto the bills, which he did.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=461–65}}<ref name="nyt-041108">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/11/us/politics/11welfare.html |title=From Welfare Shift in '96, a Reminder for Clinton |author=Goodman, Peter S. |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 11, 2008}}</ref> A third version came up during his 1996 general election campaign that restored some of the protections but cut the scope of benefits in other areas. While Clinton was urged to persuade the president to similarly veto the bill,{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=461–65}} she decided to support the bill, which became the [[Welfare Reform Act of 1996]], as the best political compromise available.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=461–65}}<ref name="nyt-041108"/> Together with [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[Janet Reno]], Clinton helped create the [[Office on Violence Against Women]] at the [[United States Department of Justice|Department of Justice]].<ref name="nfll"/> In 1997, she initiated and shepherded the [[Adoption and Safe Families Act]], which she regarded as her greatest accomplishment as the first lady.<ref name="nfll"/><ref name="nyt102900c"/> In 1999, she was instrumental in the passage of the [[Foster Care Independence Act]], which doubled federal monies for teenagers [[aging out]] of [[foster care]].<ref name="nyt102900c">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/29/nyregion/campaigns-soft-pedal-on-children-and-the-poor.html |title=Campaigns Soft-Pedal on Children and the Poor |author=Sengupta, Somini |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=October 29, 2000}}</ref> ===International diplomacy and promotion of women's rights=== [[File:Hillary Rodham Clinton Addresses the Fourth United Nations Conference on Women at the Beijing International Conference Center in Bejiing, China - NARA - 131493880.jpg|thumb|Clinton at the Fourth World Conference on Women, where she uttered the famous line, "Women's rights are human rights"]] Clinton traveled to 79 countries as first lady,<ref name="nyt122607">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/26/us/politics/26clinton.html |title=The Résumé Factor: Those 8 Years as First Lady |author=Healy, Patrick |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 26, 2007}}</ref> breaking the record for most-traveled first lady previously held by [[Pat Nixon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=38 |title=First Lady Biography: Pat Nixon |publisher=[[National First Ladies' Library]] |access-date=October 18, 2007 |archive-date=May 9, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509084238/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=38 |url-status=dead }}</ref> She did not hold a [[security clearance]] or attend [[United States National Security Council|National Security Council]] meetings, but played a role in U.S. diplomacy attaining its objectives.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/26/us/politics/26clinton.html |title=The Résumé Factor: Those 2 Terms as First Lady |author=Healy, Patrick |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=December 26, 2007}}</ref> In [[Women's Rights Are Human Rights|a September 1995 speech]] before the [[Fourth World Conference on Women]] in Beijing, Clinton argued forcefully against practices that abused women around the world and in the People's Republic of China itself. She declared, "it is no longer acceptable to discuss women's rights as separate from human rights".<ref name="nyt090695">{{Cite news |author=Tyler, Patrick |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/09/06/world/hillary-clinton-in-china-details-abuse-of-women.html |title=Hillary Clinton, In China, Details Abuse of Women |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 6, 1995}}</ref> Delegates from over 180 countries heard her declare, {{blockquote|If there is one message that echoes forth from this conference, let it be that human rights are women's rights and women's rights are human rights, once and for all."<ref name="nw-doctrine"/>}} In delivering these remarks, Clinton resisted both internal administration and Chinese pressure to soften her remarks.<ref name="nyt122607"/><ref name="nw-doctrine"/> The speech became a key moment in the empowerment of women and years later women around the world would recite Clinton's key phrases.<ref>Hudson and Leidl 2015, pp. 7–8.</ref> During the late 1990s, Clinton was one of the most prominent international figures to speak out against the treatment of [[Taliban treatment of women|Afghan women by the Taliban]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Taliban: Islam, Oil and the New Great Game in Central Asia |author=Rashid, Ahmed |publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]] |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-86064-830-4 |author-link=Ahmed Rashid|title-link=Taliban: Islam, Oil and the New Great Game in Central Asia }} pp. 70, 182.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.feminist.org/research/report/94_toc.html |title=Feminist Majority Joins European Parliament's Call to End Gender Apartheid in Afghanistan |publisher=[[Feminist Majority]] |date=Spring 1998 |access-date=September 26, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070830042222/http://www.feminist.org/research/report/94_toc.html <!-- Added by H3llBot --> |archive-date=August 30, 2007}}</ref> She helped create [[Vital Voices]], an international initiative sponsored by the U.S. to encourage the participation of women in the political processes of their countries.<ref>Hudson and Leidl 2015, pp. 25–26.</ref> ===Scandals and investigations=== {{Further|topic=these investigations|Whitewater controversy|Travelgate|Filegate|Hillary Clinton cattle futures controversy}} Clinton was a subject of several investigations by the [[United States Office of the Independent Counsel]], committees of the U.S. Congress, and the press. One prominent investigation was related [[Whitewater controversy]], which arose out of real estate investments by the Clintons and associates made in the 1970s.<ref name="nyt030892">{{Cite news |author=Gerth, Jeff |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/08/us/1992-campaign-personal-finances-clintons-joined-s-l-operator-ozark-real-estate.html |title=Clintons Joined S.& L. Operator in an Ozark Real-Estate Venture |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 8, 1992 |author-link=Jeff Gerth}}</ref>{{sfn|Gerth|Van Natta|2007|pp=72–73}}<ref name="nyt030892"/> As part of this investigation, on January 26, 1996, Clinton became the first spouse of a U.S. president to be [[subpoena]]ed to testify before a federal [[grand jury]].<ref name="pbs100797">{{Cite news |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/arkansas/docs/recs.html |work=[[Frontline (U.S. TV series)|Frontline]] |title=Once Upon a Time in Arkansas: Rose Law Firm Billing Records |date=October 7, 1997}}</ref> After several Independent Counsels had investigated, a final report was issued in 2000 that stated there was insufficient evidence that either Clinton had engaged in criminal wrongdoing.<ref name=nyt092100>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/09/21/us/statement-by-independent-counsel-on-conclusions-in-whitewater-investigation.html |title=Statement by Independent Counsel on Conclusions in Whitewater Investigation |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=September 21, 2000}}</ref> [[File:Hillary Clinton Bill Chelsea on parade.jpg|thumb|left|alt=The Clinton family walking and greeting the crowds|Chelsea, Bill, and Hillary Clinton walking down [[Pennsylvania Avenue]] to start Bill's second presidential term in 1997]] Another investigated scandal involving Clinton was the [[White House travel office controversy]], often referred to as "Travelgate".{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=327–28}} Another scandal that arose was the [[Hillary Clinton cattle futures controversy]], which related to cattle futures trading Clinton had made in 1978 and 1979.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/18/us/top-arkansas-lawyer-helped-hillary-clinton-turn-big-profit.html |title=Top Arkansas Lawyer Helped Hillary Clinton Turn Big Profit |author=Gerth, Jeff |author-link=Jeff Gerth |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 18, 1994|display-authors=etal}}</ref> Some in the press had alleged that Clinton had engaged in a conflict of interest and disguised a bribery. Several individuals analyzed her trading records, however, no formal investigation was made and she was never charged with any wrongdoing in relation to this.<ref>{{Cite news |author=Rosett, Claudia |url=http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/cRosett/?id=65000476 |title=Hillary's Bull Market |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |date=October 26, 2000 |author-link=Claudia Rosett |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001208164800/http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/cRosett/?id=65000476 |archive-date=December 8, 2000}}</ref> An outgrowth of the "Travelgate" investigation was the June 1996 discovery of improper White House access to hundreds of FBI background reports on former Republican White House employees, an affair that some called "[[White House FBI files controversy|Filegate]]".<ref name="cnn072800"/> Accusations were made that Clinton had requested these files and she had recommended hiring an unqualified individual to head the White House Security Office.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/04/01/filegate/index.html |title='Filegate' Depositions Sought From White House Aides |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=April 1, 1998}}</ref> The 2000 final Independent Counsel report found no substantial or credible evidence that Clinton had any role or showed any misconduct in the matter.<ref name="cnn072800">{{Cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/07/28/clinton.filegate/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030124154710/http://edition.cnn.com/2000/ALLPOLITICS/stories/07/28/clinton.filegate/ |archive-date=January 24, 2003 |title=Independent counsel: No evidence to warrant prosecution against first lady in 'filegate' |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=July 28, 2000}}</ref> In early 2001, a controversy arose over gifts that were sent to the White House; there was a question whether the furnishings were White House property or the Clintons' personal property. During the last year of Bill Clinton's time in office, those gifts were shipped to the Clintons' private residence.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://articles.latimes.com/2001/feb/10/news/mn-23723 |title=Clintons Began Taking White House Property a Year Ago |work=Los Angeles Times |date=February 10, 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/02/06/clintons-say-theyll-return-disputed-gifts/accd07f5-3cd2-4ebf-ba49-b3ac30a35a7d/ |title=Clintons Say They'll Return Disputed Gifts |author=Lardner, George Jr |date=February 6, 2001 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> ===''It Takes a Village'' and other writings=== In 1996, Clinton presented a vision for American children in the book ''[[It Takes a Village|It Takes a Village: And Other Lessons Children Teach Us]]''. In January 1996, she went on a ten-city book tour and made numerous television appearances to promote the book,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/17/style/chronicle-075248.html | title=Chronicle | last=Brozan | first=Nadine | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=January 17, 1996 | access-date=July 28, 2007|quote= "It takes a village to raise a child"}}</ref> although she was frequently hit with questions about her involvement in the [[Whitewater (controversy)|Whitewater]] and [[Travelgate]] controversies.<ref name="nyt011496">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/18/us/on-book-tour-first-lady-courts-public.html | title= On Book Tour, Mrs. Clinton Defends Herself | first=Doreen | last=Carvajal | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=January 14, 1996 | access-date=July 28, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F04E5DA1139F934A25752C0A960958260 | title= With Resolve, First Lady Lays Out Defense | author=Purdum, Todd S. | newspaper=[[The New York Times]] | date=January 17, 1996 | access-date=July 28, 2007| author-link= Todd S. Purdum }}</ref> The book spent 18 weeks on the [[New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' Best Seller List]] that year, including three weeks at number one.<ref>See results of [https://query.nytimes.com/search/sitesearch/?action=click&contentCollection®ion=TopBar&WT.nav=searchWidget&module=SearchSubmit&pgtype=Homepage#/%22it+takes+a+village%22+%22best+sellers%22+week/since1851/allresults/1/allauthors/oldest/ this New York Times archive search]. On list January 28 through May 26, 1996. At number one February 4, 11 and 18.</ref> By 2000, it had sold 450,000 copies in hardcover and another 200,000 in paperback.<ref name="wapo-prep">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2000/10/04/white-house-welcome/2be3bfdd-e26b-420b-a7f0-f9df48cc373b/ | title=White House Welcome | author=Roberts, Roxanne | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=October 4, 2000}}</ref> Clinton received the [[Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album]] in 1997 for the book's audio recording.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|p=446}} Other books published by Clinton when she was the first lady include ''[[Dear Socks, Dear Buddy|Dear Socks, Dear Buddy: Kids' Letters to the First Pets]]'' (1998) and ''[[An Invitation to the White House|An Invitation to the White House: At Home with History]]'' (2000). In 2001, she wrote an afterword to the children's book ''[[Beatrice's Goat]]''.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=eyAiAAAAIBAJ&pg=2745,3345580 |title=Read a Book, Buy a Goat |author=Apuzzo, Matt |newspaper=[[The Day (New London)|The Day]] |date=November 16, 2005}}</ref> Clinton also published a weekly [[Print syndication|syndicated]] newspaper column titled "Talking It Over" from 1995 to 2000.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=[[BuzzFeed]] |first=Christopher |last=Massie |date=April 21, 2015 |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/christophermassie/r-kelly-big-bird-and-28-other-highlights-from-hillary-clinto |title=R. Kelly, Big Bird, And 28 Other Highlights From Hillary Clinton's First Lady Columns}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.creators.com/opinion/hillary-clinton.html |title=Hillary Rodham Clinton – Talking It Over |publisher=[[Creators Syndicate]] |access-date=August 24, 2007}}</ref> It focused on her experiences and those of women, children and families she met during her travels around the world.<ref name="Whitehouse.gov"/> ===Response to Lewinsky scandal=== {{Further|Clinton–Lewinsky scandal}} In 1998, the Clintons' private concerns became the subject of much speculation when investigations revealed the president had engaged in an extramarital affair with 22-year-old White House intern [[Monica Lewinsky]].<ref>Troy 2006, pp. 176–77.</ref> Events surrounding the [[Lewinsky scandal]] eventually led to the [[Impeachment of Bill Clinton|impeachment]] of the president by the House of Representatives; he was later acquitted by the Senate. When the allegations against her husband were first made public, Hillary Clinton stated that the allegations were part of a "[[vast right-wing conspiracy]]".<ref>Troy 2006, p. 183.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Grant |first1=Philippe R.|editor1-last=Knight|editor1-first=Peter |title=Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia |url=https://archive.org/details/conspiracytheori00knig_851 |url-access=limited |date=2003 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=978-1576078129 |page=[https://archive.org/details/conspiracytheori00knig_851/page/n194 177] |quote=Concerned by the many conspiracy theories involving her husband, [she] claimed ... there was a 'vast right-wing conspiracy' to undermine their credibility.}}</ref> Clinton characterized the Lewinsky charges as the latest in a long, organized, collaborative series of charges by Bill's political enemies{{efn|Clinton was referring to the [[Arkansas Project]] and its funder [[Richard Mellon Scaife]], Kenneth Starr's connections to Scaife, [[Regnery Publishing]] and its connections to [[Lucianne Goldberg]] and [[Linda Tripp]], [[Jerry Falwell]], and others.<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1998/02/02/time/kirn.html |title=Persecuted or Paranoid? A look at the motley characters behind Hillary Clinton's 'vast right-wing conspiracy' |author=Kirn, Walter |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=February 9, 1998 |author-link=Walter Kirn}}</ref>}} rather than any wrongdoing by her husband. She later said she had been misled by her husband's initial claims that no affair had taken place.<ref>Troy 2006, p. 187.</ref> After the evidence of President Clinton's encounters with Lewinsky became incontrovertible, she issued a public statement reaffirming her commitment to their marriage. Privately, she was reported to be furious at him and was unsure if she wanted to remain in the marriage.{{sfn|Bernstein|2007|pp=512, 517–18, 521}} The White House residence staff noticed a pronounced level of tension between the couple during this period.<ref>Brower 2015, pp. 141–49.</ref> Public response to Clinton's handling of the matter varied. Women variously admired her strength and poise in private matters that were made public. They sympathized with her as a victim of her husband's insensitive behavior and criticized her as being an [[Codependency|enabler]] to her husband's indiscretions. They also accused her of cynically staying in a failed marriage as a way of keeping or even fostering her own political influence.{{sfn|Gerth|Van Natta|2007|p=195}} In the wake of the revelations, her public approval ratings shot upward to around 70 percent, the highest they had ever been.{{sfn|Gerth|Van Natta|2007|p=195}} ===Save America's Treasures initiative=== Clinton was the founding chair of [[Save America's Treasures]], a nationwide effort matching federal funds with private donations to preserve and restore historic items and sites.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saveamericastreasures.org/about.htm |title=Save America's Treasures – About Us |publisher=[[Save America's Treasures]] |access-date=March 23, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071228125335/http://www.saveamericastreasures.org/about.htm |archive-date=December 28, 2007}}</ref> This included the flag that inspired "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]" and the First Ladies National Historic Site in [[Canton, Ohio]].<ref name="nfll"/> ===Traditional duties=== Clinton was the head of the [[White House Millennium Council]]<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://archives.cnn.com/1999/ALLPOLITICS/stories/12/31/clinton.kickoff.02/ |title=Clinton toasts 2000 at White House VIP dinner |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=December 31, 1999}}</ref> and hosted Millennium Evenings,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clinton4.nara.gov/Initiatives/Millennium/evenings.html |title=Millennium Evenings |publisher=[[White House Millennium Council]] |access-date=June 20, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513073528/http://clinton4.nara.gov/Initiatives/Millennium/evenings.html |archive-date=May 13, 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> a series of lectures that discussed [[futures studies]], one of which became the first live simultaneous [[webcast]] from the White House.<ref name="nfll"/> Clinton also created the first White House Sculpture Garden, located in the [[Jacqueline Kennedy Garden]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clinton4.nara.gov/WH/EOP/First_Lady/html/generalspeeches/1996/1-5-96.html |title=Remarks By First Lady Hillary Rodham Clinton at The Sculpture Garden Reception |publisher=[[The White House]] |date=January 5, 1996 |access-date=March 23, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408110858/http://clinton4.nara.gov/WH/EOP/First_Lady/html/generalspeeches/1996/1-5-96.html |archive-date=April 8, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Working with Arkansas interior decorator Kaki Hockersmith over an eight-year period, Clinton oversaw extensive, privately funded redecoration efforts of the White House.<ref name="brower-redec"/> Overall the redecoration received a mixed reaction.<ref name="brower-redec">Brower 2015, pp. 50–55.</ref> Clinton hosted many large-scale events at the White House. Examples include a state dinner for visiting Chinese dignitaries, a New Year's Eve celebration at the turn of the 21st century, and a state dinner honoring the bicentennial of the White House in November 2000.<ref name="nfll"/> Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page