Galilee

===Early Muslim and Crusader periods===
After the [[Muslim conquest of the Levant]] in the 630s, the Galilee formed part of [[Jund al-Urdunn]] (the military district of Jordan), itself part of [[Bilad al-Sham]] (Islamic Syria). Its major towns were Tiberias the capital of the district, [[Qadas]], [[Beisan]], [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], [[Saffuriya]], and [[Kabul, Israel|Kabul]].<ref name=LeStrange>Le Strange, Guy. (1890) ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ENANAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA493 Palestine Under the Moslems]'' pp. 30–32.</ref> During the early Islamic period, Galilee underwent a process of [[Arabization]] and [[Spread of Islam|Islamization]], similar to other areas in the region. Under [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]] rule, Islamic rule was gradually consolidated in newly conquered territories, and some Muslims settled in the villages, establishing residency there.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Silver |first=M. M. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1260170710 |title=The history of Galilee, 47 BCE to 1260 CE : from Josephus and Jesus to the crusades |date=2021 |isbn=978-1-7936-4945-4 |location=Lanham, Maryland |pages=214 |oclc=1260170710}}</ref> Later, under [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abassid]] rule, geographer [[al-Ya'qubi]] (d. 891), who referred to the region as ''<nowiki/>'Jabal al-Jalil''', noted that its inhabitants were Arabs from the [[Amila]] tribe.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Strange, le |first1=G. |url=https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft |title=Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500 |publisher=Committee of the [[Palestine Exploration Fund]] |year=1890 |page=77 |author-link1=Guy Le Strange}}</ref> Michael Ehrlich suggests that during the Early Islamic period, the majority of people in the Western Galilee and Lower Galilee likely converted to Islam, while in the Eastern Galilee, the Islamization process continued for a more extended period, lasting until the [[Mamluk]] period.<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Ehrlich |first=Michael |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1302180905 |title=The Islamization of the Holy Land, 634-1800 |publisher=Arc Humanities Press |year=2022 |isbn=978-1-64189-222-3 |location=Leeds, UK |pages=59–75 |oclc=1302180905 |quote=}}</ref> 

According to Moshe Gil, Jews in rural Galilean areas frequently succeeded in upholding community life during and for decades after the Umayyad period. He comes to the conclusion that several Galilean Jewish communities "retained their ancient character".<ref name=":1" />  

The [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[Fatimid]]s conquered the region in the 10th century; a breakaway sect, venerating the Fatimid caliph [[Hakim (title)|al-Hakim]], formed the [[Druze]] religion, centered in [[Mount Lebanon]] and partially in the Galilee. During the [[Crusade]]s, Galilee was organized into the [[Principality of Galilee]], one of the most important Crusader seigneuries.{{Citation needed|date=July 2023}} According to Moshe Gil, during the periods of [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]] and [[Crusades|Crusader]] rule, the rural Jewish population of Galilee experienced a gradual decline and flight. He supports his argument by referring to 11th-century [[Cairo Geniza]] documents related to transactions in [[Ramla]] and other areas in central Palestine, where Jews claimed to have ancestral ties to places like [[Jish|Gush Halav]], [[Dalton, Israel|Dalton]], or [[Ammuqa|'Amuqa]], suggesting that Jewish flight from Galilee occurred during that time.<ref name=":1" />