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Do not fill this in! ==Elohist== {{main|Elohist}} [[File:Documentary Hypothesis Sources Distribution English.png|thumb|right|[[Richard Elliott Friedman|Friedman]]'s distribution of materials by source of the first four books of the Hebrew Bible, including a [[Redaction|redactor]] (black), according to the [[documentary hypothesis]].<ref name="Friedman 1987">{{cite book |last=Friedman |first=Richard Elliott |author-link=Richard Elliott Friedman |year=2019 |orig-year=1987 |title=Who Wrote the Bible? |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9SuDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10 |location=[[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |pages=10β18 |isbn=978-1-5011-9240-1}}</ref><ref name="Berlin-Brettler">{{cite book |last=Brettler |first=Marc Zvi |author-link=Marc Zvi Brettler |chapter=Torah: Introduction |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aDuy3p5QvEYC&pg=PA1 |editor1-last=Berlin |editor1-first=Adele |editor1-link=Adele Berlin |editor2-last=Brettler |editor2-first=Marc Zvi |editor2-link=Marc Zvi Brettler |year=2004 |title=The Jewish Study Bible: Featuring The Jewish Publication Society TANAKH Translation |location=[[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |pages=1β7 |isbn=9780195297515}}</ref>]] The Hebrew Bible uses various names for the God of Israel.<ref name="Dever 2001">{{Cite book |last=Dever |first=William G. |author-link=William G. Dever |year=2001 |chapter=Getting at the "History behind the History" |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6-VxwC5rQtwC&pg=PA97 |title=[[What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?|What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?: What Archeology Can Tell Us About the Reality of Ancient Israel]] |location=[[Grand Rapids, Michigan]] and [[Cambridge|Cambridge, U.K.]] |publisher=[[Wm. B. Eerdmans]] |pages=97β102 |isbn=978-0-8028-2126-3 |oclc=46394298}}</ref>{{rp|102}} According to the [[documentary hypothesis]], these variations are the products of different [[source text]]s and narratives that constitute the [[composition of the Torah]]: ''Elohim'' is the name of God used in the [[Elohist]] (E) and [[Priestly source|Priestly]] (P) sources, while ''[[Yahweh]]'' is the name of God used in the [[Jahwist]] (J) source.<ref name="Friedman 1987"/><ref name="Berlin-Brettler"/><ref name="Dever 2001"/><ref name="Elohist NIE">{{Cite NIE |wstitle=Elohist and Yahwist |year=1905}}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |last1=Jacobs |first1=Joseph |last2=Hirsch |first2=Emil G. |author1-link=Joseph Jacobs |author2-link=Emil G. Hirsch |url=http://jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/5705-elohist |title=ELOHIST |encyclopedia=[[Jewish Encyclopedia]] |year=1906 |publisher=[[Kopelman Foundation]] |access-date=10 August 2020}}</ref> [[Form criticism]] postulates the differences of names may be the result of geographical origins; the P and E sources coming from the North and J from the South.<ref name="Dever 2001"/>{{rp|102}}<ref name="Elohist NIE"/> There may be a theological point, that God did not reveal his name, ''Yahweh'', before the time of [[Moses]], though [[Hans Heinrich Schmid]] showed that the Jahwist was aware of the prophetic books from the 7th and 8th centuries BCE.<ref>H. H. Schmid, ''Der Sogenannte Jahwist'' (Zurich: TVZ, 1976)</ref> The Jahwist source presents Yahweh [[Anthropomorphism|anthropomorphically]]: for example, walking through the [[Garden of Eden]] looking for Adam and Eve. The Elohist source often presents Elohim as more distant and frequently involves [[angel]]s, as in the Elohist version of the tale of [[Jacob's Ladder]], in which there is a ladder to the clouds, with angels climbing up and down, with Elohim at the top. In the Jahwist version of the tale, Yahweh is simply stationed in the sky, above the clouds without the ladder or angels. Likewise, the Elohist source describes [[Jacob wrestling with the angel|Jacob wrestling with an angel.]] The classical documentary hypothesis, first developed in the late 19th century among [[biblical scholar]]s and [[Textual criticism|textual critics]], holds that the Jahwist portions of the [[Torah]] were composed in the 10th-9th century BCE<ref name="Dever 2001"/>{{rp|102}} and the Elohist portions in the 9th-8th century BCE,<ref name="Dever 2001"/>{{rp|102}}<ref name="Elohist NIE"/> i.e. during the early period of the [[Kingdom of Judah]]. This, however, is not universally accepted as [[Redaction criticism|later literary scholarship]] seems to show evidence of a later "Elohist redaction" ([[Second Temple Judaism|post-exilic]]) during the 5th century BCE which sometimes makes it difficult to determine whether a given passage is "Elohist" in origin, or the result of a later editor.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} Summary: Please note that all contributions to Christianpedia may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here. You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Christianpedia:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission! Cancel Editing help (opens in new window) Discuss this page