Texas

==Etymology==
The name ''Texas'', based on the [[Caddo language|Caddo word]] {{lang|cad|táy:shaʼ}} ({{IPA|/tə́jːʃaʔ/}}) 'friend', was applied, in the spelling {{lang|es|Tejas}} or {{lang|es|Texas}},<ref>José Arlegui, ''Chronica de la provincia de N.S.P.S. Francisco de Zacatecas Front Cover'' (1737), [https://books.google.com/books?id=oor1HSP8-SQC&pg=PA53 p. 53].</ref><ref name="etymology">{{cite web |title=Texas |url=https://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Texas |website=Online Etymology Dictionary |publisher=Douglas Harper |access-date=February 25, 2007}}</ref><ref name="TribesofTexas">{{cite Handbook of Texas |last=Fry |first=Phillip L. |title=Texas, Origin of Name |id=pft04 |orig-year=July 15, 2010 |date=March 7, 2016}}</ref><ref name="facts">{{cite web |title=Facts |edition=2010–2011 |work=[[Texas Almanac]] |url=http://texasalmanac.com/topics/facts-profile |first=Robert |last=Plocheck |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110228054833/http://www.texasalmanac.com/topics/facts-profile |archive-date=February 28, 2011 |date=November 20, 2017}}</ref> by the Spanish to the [[Caddo]] themselves, specifically the [[Hasinai|Hasinai Confederacy]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Davis |first=Lucile |title=The Caddo of Texas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RN5VZEYH784C |publisher=Rosen Publishing |year=2003 |page=5 |isbn=9780823964352}}</ref>

During [[Spanish Texas|Spanish colonial rule]], in the 18th century, the area was known as {{lang|es|Nuevas Filipinas}} ('[[New Philippines]]') and {{lang|es|Nuevo Reino de Filipinas}} ('New Kingdom of the Philippines'),<ref name=":1" /> or as {{lang|es|provincia de los Tejas}} ('province of the {{lang|es|Tejas}}'),<ref>Oakah L. Jones, ''Los Paisanos: Spanish Settlers on the Northern Frontier of New Spain'', University of Oklahoma Press (1996), [https://books.google.com/books?id=i-eo6Rpbhw0C&pg=PA277 p. 277], citing a document dated November 5, 1730.</ref> later also {{lang|es|provincia de Texas}} (or {{lang|es|de Tejas}}), ('province of Texas').<ref>Joseph de Laporte, ''El viagero universal: Ó, Noticia del mundo antiguo y nuevo'' vol. 27 (1799), [https://books.google.com/books?id=HrxHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA114 p. 114].</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite Handbook of Texas |last=Teja |first=Jesús de la |title=New Philippines |id=usn01 |date=June 15, 2010}}</ref> It was incorporated as {{lang|es|[[Mexican Texas|provincia de Texas]]}} into the [[First Mexican Empire|Mexican Empire]] in 1821, and declared [[Republic of Texas|a republic]] in 1836. The [[Royal Spanish Academy]] recognizes both spellings, {{lang|es|Tejas}} and {{lang|es|Texas}}, as Spanish-language forms of the name.<ref>"Texas. Grafía recomendada para el nombre de este estado norteamericano. Su pronunciación correcta es [téjas], no [téksas]. Se recomienda escribir asimismo con x el gentilicio correspondiente: texano. Son también válidas las grafías con j (Tejas, tejano), de uso mayoritario en España." ''Diccionario panhispánico de dudas'', 
Real Academia Española (2005), s.v. [http://lema.rae.es/dpd/?key=texas Texas].</ref>

The English pronunciation with {{IPA|/ks/}} is unetymological, contrary to the historical value of the letter [[x]] ({{IPAslink|ʃ}}) in [[Spanish orthography]]. Alternative etymologies of the name advanced in the late 19th century connected the name ''Texas'' with the Spanish word {{lang|es|teja}}, meaning 'roof tile', the plural {{lang|es|tejas}} being used to designate Indigenous [[Pueblo]] settlements.<ref name=Dimitry>Charles Dimitry, "American Geographical Nomenclature", ''Appletons' Journal'' 15 (1876), [https://books.google.com/books?id=3C8-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA758 758f.]</ref> A 1760s map by [[Jacques-Nicolas Bellin]] shows a village named ''Teijas'' on the [[Trinity River (Texas)|Trinity River]], close to the site of modern [[Crockett, Texas|Crockett]].<ref name=Dimitry/>