Tampa, Florida

==Etymology==
When the pioneer community living near the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] outpost of [[Fort Brooke]] was incorporated in 1849, it was called "Tampa Town" and the name was shortened to simply "Tampa" in 1855. The earliest instance of the name "Tampa", in the form "Tanpa", appears in the memoirs of [[Hernando de Escalante Fontaneda]], who spent 17 years as a captive of the [[Calusa]] and traveled through much of peninsular Florida. He described Tanpa as an important Calusa town to the north of the Calusa domain, possibly under another chief. [[Archaeologist]] Jerald Milanich places the town of Tanpa at the mouth of [[Charlotte Harbor (estuary)|Charlotte Harbor]]. The entrances to Tampa Bay and Charlotte Harbor are obscured by [[barrier island]]s, and their locations, and the names applied to them, were a source of confusion to explorers, surveyors and map-makers from the 16th century through the 18th century. ''Bahía Tampa'' and ''Bahía de Espíritu Santo'' were each used, at one time or another, for the modern Tampa Bay and Charlotte Harbor.<ref>{{cite book |title=Florida Indians and the Invasion from Europe |last=Milanich |first=Jerald T. |publisher=University Press of Florida. |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-8130-1360-2 |location=Gainesville, Florida |page=40}}</ref><ref name=simpson>{{Cite book |title=Florida Place-Names of Indian Derivation |last=Simpson |first=J. Clarence |publisher=Florida Geological Survey |year=1956 |editor-last=Boyd |editor-first=Mark F. |location=Tallahassee, Florida |pages=106–109}}</ref> Tampa Bay was labeled ''Bahía de Espíritu Santo'' (Bay of the Holy Spirit) in the earliest Spanish maps of Florida, but became known as B. Tampa (''Bahía Tampa'' or Tampa Bay) as early as 1576.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.libs.uga.edu/darchive/hargrett/maps/1695c6.jpg |title=University of Georgia Libraries, Hargrett Rare Books and Manuscript Library: 1695 Spanish Map |access-date=April 27, 2009 |archive-date=June 24, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090624152536/http://www.libs.uga.edu/darchive/hargrett/maps/1695c6.jpg |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>See Juan Lopez de Velasco manuscript map of the West Indies, ca. 1576. John Carter Brown Library, Providence, Rhode Island.</ref> "B. Tampa", corresponding to Tampa Bay, appeared for the first time on a printed map in Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas's Description del Destricto del Audiencia de la Espanola, from his book Descripcion de las Indias Ocidentales, printed in Madrid in 1601.<ref>{{cite web |title=Description del Destricto Del Avdiencia Dela Espanola Herrera |url=http://luna.tampabayhistorycenter.org/luna/servlet/detail/TBHC~3~3~4991~9450:Description-del-Destricto-Del-Avdie |access-date=October 28, 2020 |website=luna.tampabayhistorycenter.org |archive-date=October 31, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031060559/http://luna.tampabayhistorycenter.org/luna/servlet/detail/TBHC~3~3~4991~9450:Description-del-Destricto-Del-Avdie |url-status=live }}</ref>

A British map of 1705 also shows B. Tampa, with "Carlos Bay" for Charlotte Harbor to the south, while a 1748 British map had "B. del Spirito Santo" for Tampa Bay and, again, "Carlos Bay" to the south. A Spanish map of 1757 renamed Tampa Bay as "San Fernando". As late as 1774, [[Bernard Romans]] called Tampa Bay "Bay of Espiritu Santo", with "Tampa Bay" restricted to the Northwest arm (what is now Old Tampa Bay) and the northeast arm named "Hillsborough Bay". The name may have come from the Calusa language or possibly, the [[Timucua language]]. Some scholars have compared "Tampa" to "itimpi", which means "close to" or "nearby" in the [[Muscogee language|Creek language]], but its meaning is not known.<ref name=simpson/>

People from Tampa are generally known as "Tampans", "Tampanians", or "Tampeños".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Guzzo |first1=Paul |title=In the debate over what to call people from Tampa, the Tampeños have spoken |url=https://www.tampabay.com/florida/2019/01/14/in-the-debate-over-what-to-call-people-from-tampa-the-tampenos-have-spoken/ |access-date=January 26, 2022 |work=Tampa Bay Times |publisher=Tampa Publishing Company |date=January 14, 2019 |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126085131/https://www.tampabay.com/florida/2019/01/14/in-the-debate-over-what-to-call-people-from-tampa-the-tampenos-have-spoken/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Local authorities consulted by Michael Kruse of the ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' suggest that "Tampan" was historically more common, while "Tampanian" became popular when the former term came to be seen as a potential insult.<ref name=Kruse>{{cite news |last=Kruse |first=Michael |title=What are you called if you live in Tampa? |url=http://www.tampabay.com/blogs/timesnews/content/what-are-you-called-if-you-live-tampa |newspaper=Tampa Bay Times |access-date=April 26, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426215213/http://www.tampabay.com/blogs/timesnews/content/what-are-you-called-if-you-live-tampa |archive-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref> A mix of Cuban, Italian, and Spanish immigrants began arriving in the late 1800s to found and work in the new communities of [[Ybor City]] and [[West Tampa]]. By about 1900, these newcomers came to be known as "Tampeños" (or "Tampeñas" for females), a term that is still sometimes used to refer to their descendants living in the area, and potentially, to all residents of Tampa regardless of their ethnic background.<ref name=Kruse/><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Dworkin y Méndez |first=Kenya C. |editor-first=Ramos-García |editor-last=Luis |encyclopedia=The State of Latino Theater in the United States |title=Cuban Theater, American Stage: Before Exile |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEXcZa-hdOYC&q=Tampeno&pg=PA104 |access-date=July 16, 2014 |year=2002 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=978-0815338802 |pages=103–104 |archive-date=February 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206000659/https://books.google.com/books?id=wEXcZa-hdOYC&q=Tampeno&pg=PA104 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Hewitt |first=Nancy A. |editor-first=Ava |editor-last=Baron |encyclopedia=Work Engendered: Toward a New History of American Labor |title='The Voice of Virile Labor': Labor Militancy, Community Solidarity, and Gender Identity Among Tampa's Latin Workers, 1880–1921 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wOiwY1hUg7kC&q=Tampeno&pg=PA146 |access-date=July 16, 2014 |year=1991 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-0801495434 |pages=142–167 |archive-date=February 5, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205235952/https://books.google.com/books?id=wOiwY1hUg7kC&q=Tampeno&pg=PA146 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="demonym"/>