Racial segregation in the United States

==Antebellum era==
Schools were segregated in the U.S. and educational opportunities for Black people were restricted. Efforts to establish schools for them were met with violent opposition. The U.S. government established [[American Indian boarding schools|Indian boarding school]] where Native Americans were sent.

The [[African Free School]] was established in New York City in the 18th century. [[Education during the slave period in the United States]] was limited. [[Richard Humphreys (philanthropist)|Richard Humphreys]], [[Samuel Powers Emlen Jr]], and [[Prudence Crandall]] established schools for African Americans in the decades preceding the Civil War.

In 1832, [[Prudence Crandall]] admitted an African American girl to her all-white [[Canterbury Female Boarding School]] in [[Canterbury, Connecticut]], resulting in public backlash and protests. She converted the boarding school to one for only African American girls, but Crandall was jailed for her efforts for violating a [[Black Codes (United States)|Black Law]]. In 1835, an anti-abolitionist mob attacked and destroyed [[Noyes Academy]], an integrated school in [[Canaan, New Hampshire]] founded by [[Abolitionism in the United States|abolitionists]] in [[New England]]. In the 1849 case ''[[Roberts v. City of Boston]]'', the [[Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court]] ruled that segregated schools were allowed under the [[Constitution of Massachusetts]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.tolerance.org/magazine/spring-2004/brown-v-board-timeline-of-school-integration-in-the-us | title=BROWN V. BOARD: Timeline of School Integration in the U.S| date=April 2004}}</ref> [[Emlen Institution]] was a boarding school for African American and Native American orphans in Ohio and then Pennsylvania.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://soleburyhistory.org/on-line-exhibits/interactive-maps/underground-railroad-stops/emlen-institute/ | title=Emlen Institute &#124; Solebury Township Historical Society | date=August 7, 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://archives.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/resources/hcmc-999 | title=Collection: Emlen Institution for the Benefit of Children of African and Indian Descent records &#124; Archives & Manuscripts }}</ref> [[Richard Humphreys (philanthropist)]] bequeathed money to establish the [[Institute for Colored Youth]] in Philadelphia.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archives.tricolib.brynmawr.edu/resources/hcmc-1256 | title=Collection: William Morris Maier papers &#124; Archives & Manuscripts }}</ref> Yale Law School co-founder, judge, and mayor of New Haven [[David Daggett]] was a leader in the fight against schools for African Americans and helped block plans for a college for African Americans in New Haven, Connecticut.