Quarantine

==Etymology and terminology==
The word ''quarantine'' comes from ''quarantena'' or ''quarantaine'', meaning "forty days", used in the [[Venetian language|Venetian]] language in the 14th and 15th centuries and also in France. The word is designated in the period during which all ships were required to be isolated before passengers and crew could go ashore during the [[Black Death]] plague.<ref>{{Citation |last=von Csefalvay |first=Chris |title=Modeling the control of infectious disease |date=2023 |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780323953894000153 |work=Computational Modeling of Infectious Disease |pages=173–215 |publisher=Elsevier |language=en |doi=10.1016/b978-0-32-395389-4.00015-3 |isbn=978-0-323-95389-4 |access-date=2023-03-02}}</ref> The ''quarantena'' followed the ''trentino'', or "thirty-day isolation" period, first imposed in 1347 in the [[Republic of Ragusa]], [[Dalmatia]] (modern [[Dubrovnik]] in Croatia).<ref name="JSM17"/><ref name="Eccles">{{cite book|editor1=Ronald Eccles|editor2=Olaf Weber|title=Common cold|url=https://archive.org/details/commoncoldbirkhu00eccl|url-access=limited|year=2009|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Basel|isbn=978-3-7643-9894-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/commoncoldbirkhu00eccl/page/n216 210]|edition=Online-Ausg.}}</ref><ref name="Mayer">{{cite web |first= Johanna |last= Mayer |title= The Origin Of The Word 'Quarantine' |date=4 September 2018 |url= https://www.sciencefriday.com/articles/the-origin-of-the-word-quarantine/ |access-date=17 March 2020 }}</ref><ref name="EID2013">{{cite journal|doi=10.3201/eid1902.ET1902| pmc=3559069 |title=Etymologia: Quarantine|journal=Emerging Infectious Diseases|year=2013|volume=19|issue=2|pages=263|doi-access=free}}</ref>

[[Merriam-Webster]] gives various meanings to the noun form, including "a period of 40 days", several relating to ships, "a state of enforced isolation", and as "a restriction on the [[Freedom of movement|movement of people]] and goods which is intended to prevent the spread of [[disease]] or [[Pest (organism)|pests]]". The word is also used as a verb.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/quarantine|title=quarantine: noun|website=Merriam-Wesbter| access-date=2 April 2020}}</ref>

Quarantine is distinct from [[Isolation (health care)|medical isolation]], in which those confirmed to be infected with a communicable disease are isolated from the healthy population.<ref name = "CDC">[https://www.cdc.gov/quarantine/ Quarantine and Isolation] ''Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Quarantine and Isolation'', accessed 5 February 2020</ref>

Quarantine may be used interchangeably with ''[[Cordon sanitaire (medicine)|cordon sanitaire]]'', and although the terms are related, ''cordon sanitaire'' refers to the restriction of movement of people into or out of a defined geographic area, such as a community, in order to prevent an infection from spreading.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.18060/18963|title=From SARS to Ebola: Legal and Ethical Considerations for Modern Quarantine|year=2015|last1=Rothstein|first1=Mark A.|journal=Indiana Health Law Review|volume=12|pages=227–280|doi-access=free}}</ref>