Prohibition

==History==
[[File:The Drunkard's Progress - Color.jpg|thumb|The Drunkard's Progress: A lithograph by [[Nathaniel Currier]] supporting the temperance movement, January 1846]]
Some kind of limitation on the trade in alcohol can be seen in the [[Code of Hammurabi]] ({{Circa|1772 BCE}}) specifically banning the selling of beer for money.  It could only be bartered for barley: "If a beer seller do not receive barley as the price for beer, but if she receive money or make the beer a measure smaller than the barley measure received, they shall throw her into the water."<ref>Benton and DiYanni. ''Arts and Culture, An Introduction to the Humanities''. Volume One. Fourth Edition. Pearson. p. 16.</ref>

In the early twentieth century, much of the impetus for the prohibition movement in the Nordic countries<ref>{{Cite web |title=Protestants and Catholics |url=https://alcohol.iu.edu/articles/protestants-catholics/index.html |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=Alcohol Research and Health History |language=en-US}}</ref> and North America came from moralistic convictions of pietistic Protestants.<ref>[[Richard J. Jensen]], ''The winning of the Midwest: social and political conflict, 1888–1896'' (1971) [https://books.google.com/books?id=XpCgCNZwpvoC&dq=%22Iowa+wet+or+dry%22+intitle:winning+intitle:midwest+inauthor:jensen&pg=PA89 pp. 89–121 online]</ref> Prohibition movements in the West coincided with the advent of [[women's suffrage]], with newly empowered women as part of the political process strongly supporting policies that curbed alcohol consumption.<ref>[[Aileen Kraditor]], ''The Ideas of the Woman Suffrage Movement, 1890–1920'' (1965) pp. 12–37.</ref><ref>Anne Myra Goodman Benjamin, ''A history of the anti-suffrage movement in the United States from 1895 to 1920: women against equality'' (1991)</ref>

The first half of the 20th century saw periods of prohibition of alcoholic beverages in several countries:
* 1918 to 1920: [[Prohibition in Canada]] nationally, as well as in most provinces including:
**1901 to 1948 in [[Prince Edward Island]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=k9lWztgWymgC&dq=prohibition+%22prince+edward+island%22%2C+alcohol&pg=PA21 Heath, Dwight B. (1995). International handbook on alcohol and culture. Westport, CT. Greenwood Publishing Group, p. 21] There seems to be agreement in the literature for 1948 but various dates are given for the initiation of PEI's prohibition legislation; 1907 is the latest, while 1900, 1901 and 1902 are given by others.</ref>
** 1919 to 1919 in [[Quebec]]
* 1907 to 1992 in the [[Faroe Islands]]; limited private imports from Denmark were allowed from 1928
* 1914 to 1925: [[Prohibition in the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union]]<ref>{{cite web| url = http://rbth.com/opinion/2014/08/15/sobering_effect_what_happened_when_russia_banned_booze_39045.html| title = "Sobering effect: What happened when Russia banned booze"| date = 15 August 2014}}</ref>
* 1915 to 1935: [[Prohibition in Iceland]] (wine legal from 1922, but beer still prohibited until 1989)<ref>Associated Press, [https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/11/world/beer-soon-for-icelanders.html "Beer (Soon) for Icelanders"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 11, 1988</ref>
* 1916 to 1927 in Norway (fortified wine and beer were also prohibited from 1917 to 1923) {{clarify|date=November 2020}}
* 1919 in the [[Hungarian Soviet Republic]], March 21 to August 1; called ''szesztilalom''
* 1919 to 1932 in Finland (called ''kieltolaki'', "ban law")
* 1920 to 1933: [[Prohibition in the United States]]

After several years, prohibition failed in North America and elsewhere. [[Rum-running|Rum-running or bootlegging]] became widespread, and [[organized crime]] took control of the distribution of alcohol.  Distilleries and breweries in Canada, Mexico and the [[Caribbean]] flourished as their products were either consumed by visiting Americans or illegally exported to the United States.  [[Detroit]] and [[Chicago]] became notorious as havens for prohibition dodgers during the time known as the [[Roaring Twenties]] - 75% of all alcohol smuggled into the United States crossed the Detroit-[[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]] border.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.clickondetroit.com/live-in-the-d/2020/01/28/prohibition-in-detroit-inside-the-citys-most-infamous-speakeasy/|title= Prohibition in Detroit: Inside the city's most infamous speakeasy|work=WDIV-TV Detroit|date=28 January 2020|accessdate=23 February 2022}}</ref> Prohibition generally came to an end in the late 1920s or early 1930s in most of North America and Europe, although a few locations continued prohibition for many more years.

In [[List of countries with alcohol prohibition|some countries]] where the dominant religion forbids the use of alcohol, the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages is prohibited or restricted today.  For example, in Saudi Arabia and Libya alcohol is banned; in Pakistan and Iran it is illegal with exceptions.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economist.com/node/21560543|title=Tipsy Taboo|newspaper=The Economist|date=18 August 2012|access-date=11 July 2014}}</ref>
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