Peter Drucker

==Biography==
Drucker grew up in what he referred to as a "liberal" [[Lutheran]] Protestant household in [[Austria-Hungary]].<ref>Drucker, Peter F., ''The Ecological Vision: Reflections on the Human condition'', 2016, p. 425.</ref> His mother Caroline Bondi had studied medicine and his father Adolf Drucker was a lawyer and high-level civil servant.<ref name="Drucker, Peter F. 1979">Drucker, Peter F. ''Adventures of a Bystander'', 1979.</ref> Drucker was born in Vienna, Austria, in the 19th district of [[Vienna-Döbling]].<ref name="in progress01">[https://web.archive.org/web/20020908141241/http://www.peterdrucker.at/en/bio/bio_01.html Peter F. Drucker: A Biography in Progress], p. 1, at his website</ref> He grew up in a home where intellectuals, high government officials, and scientists would meet to discuss new ideas.<ref>Beatty, Jack. ''The World According to Peter Drucker'', 2016, pp. 5–7.</ref> These included [[Joseph Schumpeter]], [[Friedrich Hayek]] and [[Ludwig von Mises]]. [[Hans Kelsen]] was his uncle.<ref name=DSA>{{cite web|title=Drucker's childhood and youth in Vienna|url=http://www.druckersociety.at/index.php/peterdruckerhome/biography|website=Drucker Society of Austria|access-date=August 2, 2015}}</ref>

After graduating from Döbling [[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]] in 1927,<ref name=DSA/> Drucker found few opportunities for employment in post-[[First World War|World War I]] Vienna, so he moved to [[Hamburg]], Germany, first working as an apprentice at an established cotton trading company, then as a journalist, writing for ''[[Der Österreichische Volkswirt]]'' (''The Austrian Economist'').<ref name="Drucker, Peter F. 1979"/> Drucker then moved to [[Frankfurt]], where he took a job at the Daily ''Frankfurter General-Anzeiger''.<ref>Drucker, Peter F. ''Adventures of a Bystander'', 1979, p. 159.</ref> While in Frankfurt, he also earned a doctorate in [[international law]] and public law from the [[Goethe University Frankfurt]] in 1931.<ref>"Obituary: Peter Drucker, 95, Economist Who Prized Value of Workers," ''The New York Times'', November 13, 2005.</ref>

In 1933, Drucker left Germany for England.<ref>Drucker, Peter F.;Cohen, William. ''A Class with Drucker: The Lost Lessons of the World's Greatest Management Teacher'', 2007, p. 242.</ref> In [[London]], he worked for an insurance company, then as the chief economist at a private bank.<ref name="in progress06">[https://web.archive.org/web/20020929090738/http://www.peterdrucker.at/en/bio/bio_06.html Peter F. Drucker: A Biography in Progress], p. 6, at this website</ref>  He also reconnected with Doris Schmitz, an acquaintance from the University of Frankfurt, and they married in 1934.<ref name="bare_url">[http://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/dac&CISOPTR=3463&REC=1 Certified copy of Peter and Doris Drucker’s marriage certificate], The Drucker Institute Archives, Box 39, Folder 11, Claremont, California.</ref> The couple permanently relocated to the United States in 1937, where he became a university professor as well as a freelance writer and business consultant.

In 1943, Drucker became a [[naturalized citizen]] of the United States. He then had a distinguished career as a teacher, first as a professor of politics and philosophy at [[Bennington College]] from 1942 to 1949, then twenty-two years at [[New York University]] as a professor of management from 1950 to 1971.

Drucker went to California in 1971, where he developed one of the country's first executive [[Master of Business Administration|MBA]] programs for working professionals at [[Claremont Graduate University]] (then known as Claremont Graduate School). From 1971 until his death, he was the Clarke Professor of [[Social Science]] and Management at Claremont.<ref name="TheEssential">''The Essential Drucker'' (2001)</ref> Claremont Graduate University's management school was named the Peter F. Drucker Graduate School of Management in his honor in 1987 (later renamed the [[Peter F. Drucker and Masatoshi Ito Graduate School of Management]]). He established the Drucker Archives at Claremont Graduate University in 1999; the Archives became the Drucker Institute in 2006. Drucker taught his last class in 2002 at age 92. He continued to act as a consultant to businesses and nonprofit organizations well into his nineties.

Drucker died November 11, 2005, in [[Claremont, California]], of natural causes aged 95.<ref name=wapoobit>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/11/AR2005111101938.html |title=Management Visionary Peter Drucker Dies |author=Sullivan, Patricia |newspaper=Washington Post |date=November 12, 2005}}</ref> He had four children. Drucker's wife Doris died in October 2014 at the age of 103.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Colker|first1=David|title=Doris Drucker dies at 103; memoirist and wife of Peter Drucker|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/obituaries/la-me-doris-drucker-20141005-story.html|access-date=October 14, 2015|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=October 4, 2014}}</ref>