Patriarch

==Catholic Church==
[[File:External Ornaments of Primates and Patriarchs.svg|thumb|150px|Catholic Patriarchal (non [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]]) coat of arms]]

===Patriarchs===
[[File:1800 Wilkinson Map of the 4 Eastern Churches rectified.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Map of Justinian's Pentarchy]]
[[File:Ibrahim Isaac Sidrak par Claude Truong-Ngoc mars 2014.jpg|thumb|[[Patriarch of Alexandria]] [[Ibrahim Isaac Sidrak]] wearing a distinctive clothing of a patriarch]]
In the [[Catholic Church]], the bishop who is head of a particular [[sui iuris|autonomous church]], known in canon law as a church ''sui iuris'', is ordinarily a patriarch, though this responsibility can be entrusted to a major archbishop, metropolitan, or other prelate for a number of reasons.<ref>{{cite book|title=Code of Canons of Eastern Churches|date=1990|pages=58–59}}</ref>

Since the [[First Council of Nicaea|Council of Nicaea]], the bishop of Rome has been recognized as the first among patriarchs.<ref>{{cite web|title=DOCUMENTS FROM THE FIRST COUNCIL OF NICEA|url=https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/nicea1.txt|website=History Sourcebooks Project|publisher=Fordham university|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref> That council designated three bishops with this 'supra-Metropolitan' title: Rome, Alexandria, and Antioch. In the [[Pentarchy]] formulated by [[Justinian I]] (527–565), the emperor assigned as a patriarchate to the Bishop of Rome the whole of Christianized Europe (including almost all of modern [[Greece]]), except for the region of [[Thrace]], the areas near [[Constantinople]], and along the coast of the Black Sea. He included in this patriarchate also the western part of North Africa. The jurisdictions of the other patriarchates extended over Roman Asia, and the rest of Africa. Justinian's system was given formal ecclesiastical recognition by the [[Quinisext Council]] of 692, which the [[Holy See|see of Rome]] has, however, not recognized.

There were at the time bishops of other apostolic sees that operated with patriarchal authority beyond the borders of the Roman Empire, such as the [[List of Patriarchs of the Church of the East|Catholicos of Selucia-Ctesephon]].

Today, the patriarchal heads of Catholic autonomous churches are:<ref>{{cite web|title=Patriarchs|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/hierarchy/patriarchs.htm|website=GCCatholic.org|access-date=30 September 2017}}</ref>
* The [[Bishop of Rome|Patriarch of Rome (Pope)]], as head of the [[Latin Church]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Maloney|first1=G.A.|author-link1=Rome, Patriarchate of|title=New Catholic Encyclopedia|date=2002|publisher=Gale|isbn=978-0787640040|pages=15 vols|edition=Revised}}</ref>
* The [[Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria|Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria (Pope)]] and head of the [[Coptic Catholic Church]], recognised 1824
*The [[Maronite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch|Maronite Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and All the East]] and head of the [[Maronite Church]], recognised 685
* The [[Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch|Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and All the East]], of Alexandria and of Jerusalem, head of the [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]]; in his case, Antioch is the actual and sole patriarchate, Alexandria and Jerusalem are just titular (once residential) patriarchates vested in his see.
*The [[Syriac Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch|Syriac Catholic Patriarch of Antioch and All the East]] and head of the [[Syriac Catholic Church]]
*The [[Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad|Chaldean Catholic Patriarch of Baghdad]] and head of the [[Chaldean Catholic Church]], recognised 1553
*The [[Patriarchate of Cilicia|Armenian Catholic Patriarch of Cilicia]] and head of the [[Armenian Catholic Church]], recognised 1742
Four more of the [[Eastern Catholic Church]]es are headed by a prelate known as a "[[Major Archbishop]],"<ref>{{cite book|title=Code of Canons of Eastern Churches|date=1990|publisher=Catholic Church|pages=151–154}}</ref> a title essentially equivalent to that of Patriarch and originally created by [[Pope Paul VI]] in 1963 for [[Josyf Slipyj]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.intratext.com/IXT/ENG1199/_P48.HTM |title=CCEO: text - IntraText CT |publisher=Intratext.com |date=4 May 2007 |access-date=28 February 2011}}</ref>

===Minor Latin patriarchates===
Minor patriarchs do not have jurisdiction over other metropolitan bishops. The title is granted purely as an honour for various historical reasons. They take precedence after the heads of autonomous churches in full communion, whether pope, patriarch, or major archbishop. 
*The [[Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem]], established 1099.
*The [[Patriarch of the East Indies]], a titular patriarchal see, united to [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Goa and Daman|Goa and Daman]], established 1886.
*The [[Patriarch of Lisbon]], established 1716.
*The [[Patriarch of Venice]], established 1451.

====Historical Latin patriarchates====
* The [[Patriarchate of Aquileia|Patriarch of Aquileia]] – with rival line of succession moved to Grado – dissolved in 1752.
* The [[Patriarch of Grado]] – in 1451 merged with the Bishopric of Castello and Venice to form the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Venice (later a residential Patriarchate itself).
* The [[Patriarch of the West Indies]] – a titular patriarchal see, vacant since 1963.
* The [[Latin Patriarch of Antioch]] – title abolished in 1964.
* The titular [[Latin Patriarch of Alexandria]] – title abolished in 1964.
* The [[Latin Patriarch of Constantinople]] – title abolished in 1964.
* The [[Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia]] – 1555 to 1663, never effective, only held by Iberian [[Jesuits]]

==== Patriarch as title ''ad personam'' ====
The pope can confer the rank of patriarch without any see, upon an individual archbishop, as happened on 24 February 1676 to [[Alessandro Crescenzi (cardinal)|Alessandro Crescenzi]], of the [[Somascans]], former [[Latin Titular Patriarch of Alexandria]] (19 January 1671 – retired 27 May 1675), who nevertheless resigned the title on 9 January 1682.

===="Patriarch of the West"====
{{main|Patriarch of the West}}
In theological and other scholarly literature of the [[Early Modern]] period, the title "[[Patriarch of the West]]" ([[Latin language|Latin]]: ''Patriarcha Occidentis''; [[Greek language|Greek]]: Πατριάρχης τῆς Δύσεως) was mainly used as designation for the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome over the [[Latin Church]] in the West. From 1863 to 2005, the title "Patriarch of the West" was appended to the list of papal titles in the ''[[Annuario Pontificio]]'', which in 1885 became a semi-official publication of the Holy See. This was done without historical precedent or theological justification: There was no ecclesiastical office as such, except occasionally as a truism: the patriarch of Rome, for the [[Latin Church]], was the only patriarch, and the only apostolic see, in the "west".

The title was not included in the 2006 ''Annuario''. On 22 March 2006, the [[Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity]] offered an explanation for the decision to remove the title. It stated that the title "Patriarch of the West" had become "obsolete and practically unusable" when the term ''the West'' comprises Australia, New Zealand and North America in addition to Western Europe, and that it was "pointless to insist on maintaining it" given that, since the [[Second Vatican Council]], the [[Latin Church]], for which "the West" is an equivalent, has been organized as a number of [[episcopal conference]]s and their international groupings.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.zenit.org/en/articles/communique-on-title-patriarch-of-west | work=Zenit | title=Communiqué on title 'Patriarch of the West' | date= 22 March 2006| access-date = 20 December 2017}}</ref>

Though the formulation "Patriarch of the West" is no longer used, the pope in that role issues the ''Code of Canon Law'' for the Latin Church. During the [[Synod of Bishops (Catholic)|Synod of Bishops]] on the Middle East in 2009, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] appeared, as patriarch of the Latin Church, with the other patriarchs, but without the [[Latin patriarch of Jerusalem]], though he was present at the same synod.<ref>{{cite web|title=Meeting of the Eastern Catholic Patriarchs and Major Archbishops with Pope Benedict XVI|url=http://orientale-lumen.blogspot.it/2009/09/meeting-of-eastern-catholic-patriarchs.html|website=Society of St. John Chrysostom| access-date=30 September 2017|date=20 September 2009}}</ref>

===Current and historical Catholic patriarchates===
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto 5 auto"
|+Current and historical Catholic patriarchates
|-
! Type
! Church
! Patriarchate
! Patriarch
|-
|rowspan="7"| Patriarchs<br>of autonomous<br>particular churches
| [[Latin Church|Latin]]
| [[Pope|Rome]]
| [[Pope Francis]]
|-
| [[Coptic Catholic Church|Coptic]]
| [[List of Coptic Catholic Patriarchs of Alexandria|Alexandria]]
| [[Ibrahim Isaac Sidrak]]
|-
| [[Syriac Catholic Church|Syrian]]
| [[List of Syriac Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch|Antioch]]
| [[Ignatius Joseph III Younan]]
|-
| [[Maronite Church|Maronite]]
| [[List of Maronite Patriarchs|Antioch]]
| [[Bechara Boutros al-Rahi]]
|-
| [[Melkite Greek Catholic Church|Greek-Melkite]]
| [[List of Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch|Antioch]]
| [[Youssef Absi]]
|-
| [[Armenian Catholic Church|Armenian]]
| [[List of Armenian Catholic Patriarchs of Cilicia|Cilicia]]
| [[Raphaël Bedros XXI Minassian]]
|-
| [[Chaldean Catholic Church|Chaldean]]
| [[List of Chaldean Catholic patriarchs of Baghdad|Baghdad]]
| [[Louis Raphaël I Sako]]
|-
|rowspan="10"| Titular<br>[[Latin Church]]<br>patriarchs
| Latin
| [[Patriarchate of Aquileia|Aquileia]]
|style="text-align:center"| suppressed in 1751
|-
| Latin
| [[Patriarch of Grado|Grado]]
|style="text-align:center"| suppressed in 1451
|-
| Latin
| [[Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]]
| [[Pierbattista Pizzaballa]]
|-
| Latin
| [[Patriarch of Lisbon|Lisbon]]
| [[Rui Valério]]
|-
| Latin
| [[Patriarch of Venice|Venice]]
| [[Francesco Moraglia]]
|-
| Latin
| [[Latin Patriarch of Alexandria|Alexandria]]
|style="text-align:center"| suppressed in 1964
|-
| Latin
| [[Latin Patriarch of Antioch|Antioch]]
|style="text-align:center"| suppressed in 1964
|-
| Latin
| [[Latin Patriarch of Constantinople|Constantinople]]
|style="text-align:center"| suppressed in 1964
|-
| Latin
| [[Patriarch of the East Indies|East Indies]]
| [[Filipe Neri Ferrão]]
|-
| Latin
| [[Patriarchate of the West Indies|West Indies]]
|style="text-align:center"| vacant since 1963
|-

|}