New Zealand

==Etymology==<!--linked-->
{{Further|New Zealand place names}}

[[File:Detail of 1657 map Polus Antarcticus by Jan Janssonius, showing Nova Zeelandia.png|thumb|left|Detail from a 1657 map showing the western coastline of {{lang|la|Nova Zeelandia}} (on this map, north is at the bottom)|alt=Brown square paper with Dutch writing and a thick red, curved line]]
The first European visitor to New Zealand, Dutch explorer [[Abel Tasman]], named the islands ''Staten Land'', believing they were part of the {{lang|nl|[[Isla de los Estados|Staten Landt]]}} that [[Jacob Le Maire]] had sighted off the southern end of South America.<ref name="StatenLandt">{{cite book |first=John |last=Wilson |chapter=European discovery of New Zealand – Tasman's achievement |title=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |date=March 2009 |chapter-url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/european-discovery-of-new-zealand/3 |access-date=24 January 2011 |archive-date=6 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106180047/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/european-discovery-of-new-zealand/3 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz//tm/scholarly/tei-Stout44-t2-body-d1-d1.html |title=The Pamphlet Collection of Sir Robert Stout: Volume 44. Chapter 1, Discovery and Settlement |first=John |last=Bathgate |publisher=NZETC |quote=He named the country Staaten Land, in honour of the States-General of Holland, in the belief that it was part of the great southern continent. |access-date=17 August 2018 |archive-date=24 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724203829/http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz//tm/scholarly/tei-Stout44-t2-body-d1-d1.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Hendrik Brouwer]] proved that the South American land was a small island in 1643, and Dutch [[cartographers]] subsequently renamed Tasman's discovery {{lang|la|Nova Zeelandia}} from [[Neo-Latin|Latin]], after the [[Seventeen Provinces|Dutch province]] of [[Zeeland]].<ref name="StatenLandt" /><ref>{{cite book |last=Mackay |first=Duncan |chapter=The Search for the Southern Land |date=1986 |editor-last=Fraser |editor-first=B. |title=The New Zealand Book of Events |location=Auckland |publisher=[[Methuen Publishing|Reed Methuen]] |pages=52–54}}</ref> This name was later [[Anglicisation|anglicised]] to ''New Zealand''.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://archive.org/stream/b24850366#page/n6/mode/1up |page=iii |first=James |last=Wood |title=The Nuttall Encyclopaedia: Being a Concise and Comprehensive Dictionary of General Knowledge |publisher=[[Frederick Warne & Co]] |date=1900 |location=London and New York |access-date=10 October 2016}}</ref><ref name="Names">{{cite book |first=Malcolm |last=McKinnon |author-link=Malcolm McKinnon |chapter=Place names – Naming the country and the main islands |title=[[Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand]] |date=November 2009 |chapter-url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/place-names/1 |access-date=24 January 2011 |archive-date=13 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613111940/https://teara.govt.nz/en/place-names/page-1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

This was written as ''Nu Tireni'' in the [[Māori language]] (spelled ''Nu Tirani'' in Te Tiriti o Waitangi). In 1834 a document written in Māori and entitled "{{lang|mi|He Wakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni}}" was translated into English and became the [[Declaration of the Independence of New Zealand]]. It was prepared by {{lang|mi|Te W(h)akaminenga o Nga Rangatiratanga o Nga Hapu o Nu Tireni}}, the [[United Tribes of New Zealand]], and a copy was sent to King [[William IV]] who had already acknowledged the flag of the United Tribes of New Zealand, and who recognised the declaration in a letter from [[Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg|Lord Glenelg]].<ref name=glenelgletter>{{cite web |last=Grant (Lord Glenelg) |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Grant, 1st Baron Glenelg |date=1836 |title=Extract of a Despatch from Lord Glenelg to Major-General Sir Richard Bourke, New South Wales |via=Waitangi Associates |url=http://www.waitangi.co.nz/declarationindependence.htm#Extract |access-date=20 March 2021 |archive-date=8 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208175521/http://www.waitangi.co.nz/declarationindependence.htm#Extract |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Palmer|2008|p=41}}

{{lang|mi|[[Aotearoa]]}} (pronounced {{IPA-mi|aɔˈtɛaɾɔa|}} in Māori and {{IPAc-en|ˌ|aʊ|t|ɛəˈr|oʊ|.|ə}} in English; often translated as 'land of the long white cloud'){{sfn|King|2003|p=41}} is the current Māori name for New Zealand. It is unknown whether Māori had a name for the whole country before the arrival of Europeans; {{lang|mi|Aotearoa}} originally referred to just the [[North Island]].{{sfn|Hay|Maclagan|Gordon|2008|p=72}} Māori had several traditional names for the two main islands, including {{lang|mi|Te Ika-a-Māui}} ("the fish of {{lang|mi|italic=no|[[Māui (Māori mythology)|Māui]]}}") for the North Island and {{lang|mi|Te Waipounamu}} ("the waters of [[Pounamu|greenstone]]") or {{lang|mi|Te Waka o Aoraki}} ("the canoe of {{lang|mi|italic=no|[[Aoraki]]}}") for the [[South Island]].{{sfn|Mein Smith|2005|p=6}} Early European maps labelled the islands North (North Island), Middle (South Island), and South ([[Stewart Island / Rakiura|Stewart Island / {{lang|mi|italic=no|nocat=y|Rakiura}}]]).<ref>{{cite book |first=Thomas |last=Brunner |author-link=Thomas Brunner |url=http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/BruJour-fig-BruJour_P001a.html |title=The Great Journey: An expedition to explore the interior of the Middle Island, New Zealand, 1846-8 |publisher=[[Royal Geographical Society]] |date=1851 |access-date=13 June 2010 |archive-date=31 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031052634/http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/BruJour-fig-BruJour_P001a.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1830, mapmakers began to use "North" and "South" on their maps to distinguish the two largest islands, and by 1907, this was the accepted norm.<ref name="Names" /> The [[New Zealand Geographic Board]] discovered in 2009 that the names of the North Island and South Island had never been formalised, and names and alternative names were formalised in 2013. This set the names as ''North Island'' or {{lang|mi|Te Ika-a-Māui}}, and ''South Island'' or {{lang|mi|Te Waipounamu}}.<ref name="Williamson2013">{{cite press release |first=Maurice |last=Williamson |title=Names of NZ's two main islands formalised |date=10 October 2013 |publisher=New Zealand Government |url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/names-nz%E2%80%99s-two-main-islands-formalised |access-date=1 May 2017 |archive-date=8 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008074402/http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/names-nz%E2%80%99s-two-main-islands-formalised |url-status=live }}</ref> For each island, either its English or Māori name can be used, or both can be used together.<ref name="Williamson2013" /> Similarly the Māori and English names for the whole country are sometimes used together (''Aotearoa New Zealand'');<ref>{{cite web|author=Ministry of Health|date=24 June 2021|title=COVID-19: Elimination strategy for Aotearoa New Zealand|url=https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-coronavirus/covid-19-response-planning/covid-19-elimination-strategy-aotearoa-new-zealand|access-date=15 July 2021|archive-date=2 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202142043/https://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/covid-19-novel-coronavirus/covid-19-response-planning/covid-19-elimination-strategy-aotearoa-new-zealand|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Larner|first1=Wendy|date=31 May 2021|title=COVID-19 in Aotearoa New Zealand|journal=Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand|volume=51|issue=sup1|pages=S1–S3|doi=10.1080/03036758.2021.1908208|bibcode=2021JRSNZ..51S...1L |doi-access=free}}</ref> however, this has no official recognition.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Using 'Aotearoa' and 'New Zealand' together 'as it should be' - Jacinda Ardern|language=en|work=Newshub|url=https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2019/12/using-aotearoa-and-new-zealand-together-as-it-should-be-jacinda-ardern.html|date=17 December 2019|access-date=18 July 2021|archive-date=18 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718225639/https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/politics/2019/12/using-aotearoa-and-new-zealand-together-as-it-should-be-jacinda-ardern.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In [[Moriori language|Moriori]], the indigenous language of the [[Chatham Islands]], the words ''Aote'' and ''Aotea'' are terms thought to refer to mainland New Zealand.<ref>{{cite web |author=New Zealand Government |title=Moriori and the Trustees of the Moriori Imi Settlement Trust and the Crown Deed of Settlement of Historical Claims |url=https://www.govt.nz/assets/Documents/OTS/Moriori/moriori-deed-of-settlement-initialled.pdf |access-date=20 July 2023 |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306185545/https://www.govt.nz/assets/Documents/OTS/Moriori/moriori-deed-of-settlement-initialled.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Te Papa|title=Repatriation and return of karāpuna to Rēkohu|date=25 August 2020|url=https://www.tepapa.govt.nz/repatriation-and-return-karapuna-rekohu|access-date=20 July 2023|archive-date=7 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607123936/https://www.tepapa.govt.nz/repatriation-and-return-karapuna-rekohu|url-status=live}}</ref>
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