Manchester

==Toponymy==
The name ''Manchester'' originates from the [[Latin]] name ''{{Lang|la|[[Mamucium]]}}'' or its variant ''{{Lang|la|Mancunio}}'' and the citizens are still referred to as Mancunians ({{IPAc-en|m|æ|n|ˈ|k|juː|n|i|ə|n}}). These names are generally thought to represent a [[Latinization of names|Latinisation]] of an original [[Common Brittonic|Brittonic]] [[Celtic placenames|name]]. The generally accepted etymology of this name is that it comes from Brittonic *''{{Lang|cel|mamm}}-'' ("[[breast]]", in reference to a "[[breast-like hill]]").<ref name=":0">''The Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names Based on the Collections of the English Place-Name Society'', ed. by Victor Watts (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004), under ''MANCHESTER''.</ref><ref name="Place names" /> However, more recent work suggests that it could come from *''{{Lang|cel|mamma}}'' ("mother", in reference to a [[River Medlock|local river]] [[Celtic mythology|goddess]]). Both usages are preserved in [[Insular Celtic languages]], such as ''{{Lang|cel|mam}}'' meaning "breast" in [[Irish Gaelic|Irish]] and "mother" in [[Welsh language|Welsh]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal = The Antiquaries Journal |issn =0003-5815|date = 2004|volume= 84|pages = 353–357|title = Manchester's Ancient Name|first = Andrew|last = Breeze|doi = 10.1017/S0003581500045893|s2cid =163005777}}</ref> The [[suffix]] ''[[Chester (placename element)|-chester]]'' is from [[Old English]] ''{{Lang|ang|ceaster}}'' ("Roman fortification", itself a loanword from Latin ''{{Lang|la|castra}}'', "fort; fortified town").<ref name="Place names">{{cite book |last=Mills |first=A.D. |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofbrit0000mill |title=A Dictionary of British Place-Names |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2003 |isbn=0-19-852758-6 |location=Oxford |access-date=7 November 2013 |url-access=registration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021051450/http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199609086.001.0001/acref-9780199609086 |archive-date=21 October 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0" />

The city is widely known as "the capital of the North".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebusinessdesk.com/northwest/news/2094522-invest-north-manchester-is-the-capital-of-the-north|title=Invest North: Manchester is the capital of the North &#124; TheBusinessDesk.com|date=4 March 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shootfromthetrip.com/48-hours-in-manchester/|title=48 hours in Manchester: Exploring the capital of the North|first=Dylan|last=Jones|date=9 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mysteriumtours.com/the-city-of-manchester-capital-of-the-north/|title=The City of Manchester - Capital of the North|first=Sebastian|last=Doyle|date=16 September 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.placenorthwest.co.uk/events/question-time-manchester-defining-the-capital-of-the-north/|title=Question Time Manchester: Defining the capital of the North|website=Place North West}}</ref>