Incarnation

==Abrahamic religions==
{{main|God in Abrahamic religions}}

===Christianity===
[[File:Meister von Daphni 002.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Christ Pantocrator]], God incarnate in the [[Christianity|Christian faith]], shown in a mosaic from [[Daphni Monastery|Daphni]], [[Greece]], ca. 1080–1100.]]
{{main|Incarnation (Christianity)|}}
The incarnation of [[Christ]] (or Incarnation) is the central Christian doctrine that God became flesh, assumed a human nature, and became a man in the form of [[Jesus]], the [[Son of God]] and the second person of the [[Trinity]]. This foundational Christian position holds that the divine nature of the Son of God was perfectly united with human nature in one divine Person, [[Jesus]], making him both truly God and truly human. The theological term for this is [[hypostatic union]]: the second person of the Trinity, [[God the Son]], became flesh when he was miraculously conceived in the womb of the [[Mary (mother of Jesus)|Virgin Mary]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/284611/Incarnation|title=Incarnation|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Biblical passages traditionally referenced in connection with the doctrine of the Incarnation include {{Bibleverse|John|3:1-21}}, {{bibleverse||Colossians|2:9}}, and {{Bibleverse|Philippians|2:7-8}}.

===Islam===
{{See also|Allah|God in Islam|Kalam|Tawhid|Tanzih}}
[[Islam]] completely rejects the doctrine of the incarnation (Mu'jassimā<ref>[[Muhammad Abu Zahra]], ''İslâm’da Siyâsî ve İ’tikadî Mezhepler Tarihi, [[History]] of [[Madhhab]]s in [[Islam]],'' pp: 257 - 259, [[:tr:Ethem Ruhi Fığlalı|Fığlalı, Ethem Ruhi]] and Osman Eskicioğlu translation to Turkish, Yağmur, İstanbul, 1970.</ref> / ''(Tajseem)'' Tajsīm) of God in any form, as the concept is defined as ''[[Shirk (Islam)|shirk]]''. In Islam, God is one and "neither begets nor is begotten".<ref>Quran, (112:1-4).</ref>

===Judaism===
{{main|God in Judaism}}
{{see also|Chabad-Lubavitch related controversies}}
According to many modern scholars, the [[Hebrew Bible|Biblical]] and [[Talmud]]ic view of God was anthropomorphic. God could sometimes appear in bodily form.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brand |first1=Ezra |title=Some Notes on the Anthropomorphization of God in the Talmud |url=https://www.ezrabrand.com/p/some-notes-on-anthropomorphization}}</ref> The [[Babylonian Talmud]] contains stories of earthly appearances of God, [[Elijah]], [[Satan]], and [[demon]]s.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Brand |first1=Ezra |title="He appeared to him as a [X]": Talmudic Stories of Incarnations of God, Eliyahu, Satan, and Demons |url=https://www.ezrabrand.com/p/he-appeared-to-him-as-a-x-talmudic |website=www.ezrabrand.com/ |access-date=10 January 2024}}</ref>

Since the time of [[Maimonides]], mainstream [[Judaism]] has mostly rejected any possibility of an incarnation of God in any form.<ref>L. Jacobs 1973 ''A Jewish Theology'' p. 24.  N.Y.: Berman House</ref>

However, some modern-day [[Hasidism|Hasidim]] believe in a somewhat similar concept. [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]], a prominent [[Hasidism|Hasidic]] leader, said that the ''[[Rebbe]]'' is God's essence itself put into the body of a ''[[tzadik]]''.<ref>''Likkutei Sichos'', Vol. 2, pp. 510-511.</ref>

===Druze faith===
{{See also|Druze#Beliefs}}
[[Hamza ibn Ali ibn Ahmad]] is considered the founder of the [[Druze faith]] and the primary author of the Druze manuscripts,<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Hendrix |editor1-first=Scott |editor2-last=Okeja |editor2-first=Uchenna |title=The World's Greatest Religious Leaders: How Religious Figures Helped Shape World History [2 volumes] |date=2018 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1440841385 |page=11}}</ref> he proclaimed that God had become human and taken the form of man, [[al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]].<ref name="Aga">{{cite book|title=The Aga Khans|author=Willi Frischauer|year=1970|publisher=Bodley Head|page=?}} (''Which page?'')</ref><ref name="Poonawala">{{cite journal|title=Review - The Fatimids and Their Traditions of Learning|author=Ismail K. Poonawala|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=119|issue=3|page=542|doi=10.2307/605981|jstor=605981}}</ref><ref>Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and Self-expression - Page 95 by Mordechai Nisan</ref><ref>The Druze in the Middle East: Their Faith, Leadership, Identity and Status - Page 41 by Nissim Dana</ref><ref>Encyclopaedic Survey of Islamic Culture - Page 94 by Mohamed Taher</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last = Bryer | first = David R. W. | title = The Origins of the Druze Religion | journal = [[Der Islam]] | year = 1975 | volume = 52 | issue = 1 | pages = 52–65 | doi = 10.1515/islm.1975.52.1.47 | s2cid = 201807131 | url = https://doi.org/10.1515/islm.1975.52.1.47 | issn = 1613-0928 | ref = {{harvid|Bryer|1975a}} }}</ref> [[al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah]] is an important figure in the [[Druze]] faith whose eponymous founder [[ad-Darazi]] proclaimed him as the incarnation of God in 1018.<ref name="Aga"/><ref name="Poonawala"/><ref>{{cite book|title=The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought|last1=Zaman|first1=Muhammad Qasim |last2=Stewart|first2=Devin J. |last3=Mirza|first3=Mahan |last4=Kadi|first4=Wadad|last5=Crone|first5=Patricia |last6=Gerhard |first6=Bowering|last7= Hefner|first7=Robert W.|last8= Fahmy|first8=Khaled|last9=Kuran|first9=Timur |year= 2013| isbn=9780691134840| pages =139–140|publisher=Princeton University Press|quote=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Origins of the Druze Religion: An Edition of Ḥamza's Writings and an Analysis of His Doctrine|first=David |last=R. W. Bryer|year= 1979| isbn= 9780030525964| page =239|publisher=University of Oxford Press|quote=}}</ref>