Fox News

==History==
{{Main|History of Fox News}}
In May 1985, Australian publisher Rupert Murdoch announced that he and American [[industrialist]] and philanthropist [[Marvin Davis]] intended to develop "a network of [[Independent station (North America)|independent stations]] as a fourth marketing force" to compete directly with [[CBS]], [[NBC]], and [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] through the purchase of six television stations owned by [[Metromedia]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BG&p_theme=bg&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EADEAE8781FD7AD&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D |title=Murdoch, partner plan 4th network |last=Lenzner |first=Robert |date=May 5, 1985 |page=1 |newspaper=[[The Boston Globe]] |via=nl.newsbank |quote=The six stations cover many of the nation's major markets&nbsp;– New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Dallas, Houston and Washington. |access-date=June 10, 2008 |archive-date=October 27, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027191548/http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BG&p_theme=bg&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EADEAE8781FD7AD&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D |url-status=live }}</ref> In July 1985, [[20th Century Fox]] announced Murdoch had completed his purchase of 50% of [[Fox Entertainment Group|Fox Filmed Entertainment]], the parent company of 20th Century Fox Film Corporation.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/11/business/article-117258-no-title.html |title=$55.9 Million Fox Film Loss |date=July 11, 1985 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=D19 |access-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-date=December 20, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201220151246/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/07/11/business/article-117258-no-title.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

Subsequently, and prior to founding FNC, Murdoch had gained experience in the 24-hour news business when [[News Corporation]]'s [[BSkyB]] subsidiary began Europe's first 24-hour news channel ([[Sky News]]) in the United Kingdom in 1989.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1704677.html |title=Business Analysis: Unstoppable Sky machine rolls on as ITV troubles worsen Dawn Airey's free-to-air television experience will be invaluable to BSkyB as it moves beyond its pay-TV model |last=Shah |first=Saeed |date=September 24, 2002 |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |page=21 |access-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508171810/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-1704677.html |archive-date=May 8, 2013}}</ref> With the success of his efforts establishing Fox as a TV network in the United States,<ref>{{cite news |title=Fox is a business, if not artistic, success |last=Schulberg |first=Pete |date=July 15, 1994 |newspaper=[[The Oregonian]] |page=E1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4395441.html |title=How Fox broke from the pack to become cutting-edge network |last=Braxton |first=Greg |date=April 6, 1997 |newspaper=Chicago Sun-Times |access-date=October 17, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515204930/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-4395441.html |archive-date=May 15, 2007}}</ref> experience gained from Sky News and the turnaround of 20th Century Fox, Murdoch announced on January 30, 1996, that News Corp. would launch a 24-hour news channel on cable and satellite systems in the United States as part of a News Corp. "worldwide platform" for Fox programming: "The appetite for news&nbsp;– particularly news that explains to people how it affects them&nbsp;– is expanding enormously".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://infoweb.newsbank.com/apps/news/document-view?p=NewsBank&t=country%3AUSA%21USA&sort=YMD_date%3AD&fld-base-0=alltext&maxresults=20&val-base-0=Murdoch%20taps%20Ailes%20for%20new%20network%3B%20Former%20CNBC%20chief%20set%20to%20direct%2024-hour%20news%20channel%2C%20take%20on%20CNN%22&docref=news/0EB8296FA53CDCD2 |title=Murdoch taps Ailes for new network; Former CNBC chief set to direct 24-hour news channel, take on CNN |last=Williams |first=Scott |date=January 31, 1996 |agency=Associated Press |access-date=October 17, 2019 |via=nl.newsbank}}</ref>

In February 1996, after former U.S. Republican Party political strategist and NBC executive<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/07/business/at-the-new-fox-news-channel-the-buzzword-is-fairness-separating-news-from-bias.html |title=At the new Fox News Channel, the buzzword is fairness, separating news from bias |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Lawrie |last=Mifflin |date=October 7, 1996 |access-date=May 2, 2010 |archive-date=December 11, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211144208/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A00E4DE1F3FF934A35753C1A960958260&n=Top%2FReference%2FTimes%20Topics%2FPeople%2FA%2FAiles%2C%20Roger%20E. |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Roger Ailes]] left cable television channel [[America's Talking]] (now [[MSNBC]]), Murdoch asked him to start Fox News Channel. Ailes demanded five months of 14-hour workdays and several weeks of rehearsal shows before its launch on October 7, 1996.<ref name="FoxCorporateInfo"/>

At its debut 17 million households were able to watch FNC;<ref name=King>{{cite news |title=Fox Hunts TV News Niche with Channel Debut Today |first=Angela G. |last=King |date=October 7, 1996 |newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York}}</ref> however, it was absent from the largest U.S. media markets of New York City and Los Angeles. Rolling news coverage during the day consisted of 20-minute single-topic shows such as ''Fox on Crime'' or ''Fox on Politics'', surrounded by news headlines. Interviews featured facts at the bottom of the screen about the topic or the guest. The flagship newscast at the time was ''The Schneider Report'', with [[Mike Schneider (news anchor)|Mike Schneider]]'s fast-paced delivery of the news. During the evening, Fox featured opinion shows: ''The O'Reilly Report'' (later ''[[The O'Reilly Factor]]''), ''The Crier Report'' (hosted by [[Catherine Crier]]) and ''[[Hannity & Colmes]]''. From the beginning, FNC has placed heavy emphasis on visual presentation. Graphics were designed to be colorful and gain attention; this helped the viewer to grasp the main points of what was being said, even if they could not hear the host (with on-screen text summarizing the position of the interviewer or speaker, and "bullet points" when a host was delivering commentary). Fox News also created the "Fox News Alert", which interrupted its regular programming when a [[breaking news]] story occurred.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}}

[[File:Fox News 6th 48 jeh.JPG|thumb|Fox News Studios in 2009]]
To accelerate its adoption by cable providers, Fox News paid systems up to $11 per subscriber to distribute the channel.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-18396534/bold-grab-subs-murdoch.html |first=Richard |last=Katz |date=May 1996 |title=Bold grab for subs: Murdoch offers $11 to carry Fox News |magazine=[[Multichannel News]] |access-date=September 1, 2010 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5uRU0fPQa?url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-18396534/bold-grab-subs-murdoch.html |archive-date=November 23, 2010 }}</ref> This contrasted with the normal practice, in which cable operators paid stations carriage fees for programming. When [[Time Warner]] bought [[Ted Turner]]'s [[Turner Broadcasting System]], a federal [[antitrust]] [[consent decree]] required Time Warner to carry a second all-news channel in addition to its own [[CNN]] on its [[Time Warner Cable|cable systems]]. Time Warner selected MSNBC as the secondary news channel, not Fox News. Fox News claimed this violated an agreement (to carry Fox News). Citing its agreement to keep its U.S. headquarters and a large studio in New York City, News Corporation enlisted the help of Mayor [[Rudolph Giuliani]]'s administration to pressure Time Warner Cable (one of the city's two cable providers) to transmit Fox News on a city-owned channel.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/04/nyregion/giuliani-pressures-time-warner-to-transmit-a-fox-channel.html |title=Giuliani Pressures Time Warner to Transmit a Fox Channel |first=Mark |last=Landler |date=October 4, 1996 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=May 2, 2010 |archive-date=July 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724080203/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/04/nyregion/giuliani-pressures-time-warner-to-transmit-a-fox-channel.html |url-status=live }}</ref> City officials threatened to take action affecting Time Warner's cable franchises in the city.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/05/nyregion/city-hall-threatens-action-if-time-warner-rejects-channel.html |title=City Hall Threatens Action if Time Warner Rejects Channel |first=Clifford J. |last=Levy |date=October 5, 1996 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=May 2, 2010 |archive-date=August 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806122744/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/05/nyregion/city-hall-threatens-action-if-time-warner-rejects-channel.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

During the [[September 11, 2001, attacks]], Fox News was the first news organization to run a [[news ticker]] on the bottom of the screen to keep up with the flow of information that day. The ticker has remained, informing viewers about additional news which reporters may not mention on-screen and repeating news mentioned during a broadcast; it has proven popular with viewers.<ref name="The Fox News Ticker">{{cite web |url=http://www.mandatory.com/2012/09/11/11-direct-effects-9-11-had-on-the-sports-and-entertainment-indus/#photo=2 |title=11 Direct Effects 9/11 Had on the Sports and Entertainment Industries |last=Dudak |first=Gary |date=September 11, 2012 |website=Mandatory.com |access-date=September 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920021735/http://www.mandatory.com/2012/09/11/11-direct-effects-9-11-had-on-the-sports-and-entertainment-indus#photo=2 |archive-date=September 20, 2012}}</ref> In January 2002, Fox News surpassed CNN in ratings for the first time.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fox News Channel |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fox-News-Channel |access-date=July 6, 2022 |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |language=en |archive-date=October 10, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010193808/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fox-News-Channel |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2023, ''The Economist'' reported that Murdoch had "ditched a plan" to remerge News Corporation with Fox because it "faced resistance from News Corp investors unhappy at the prospect of being lumped together with Fox News, which they consider a toxic brand."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Anon |date=January 28, 2023 |title=The world this week |newspaper=The Economist |page=10}}</ref> Later that year, Murdoch, then 92, said he would step down and that his son Lachlan would take over both Fox Corporation and News Corp.<ref name="Darcy"/>