Death of Michael Jackson

==Circumstances==
[[File:UCLA Reagan Medical Center.JPG|thumb|250px|alt=Two white multi-floored squared buildings with blue colored windows. There is a street and clear sky surrounding the buildings.|Jackson was taken by ambulance to the [[Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center]] on June 25 where he arrived at 1:14 p.m. and was pronounced dead at 2:26 p.m.]]
At the time of his death, Jackson was preparing for a series of comeback concerts, [[This Is It (concert residency)|This Is It]], due to begin in July 2009 at London's [[The O2 Arena]].<ref name="LATimesRehearsal" /> On June 24, Jackson arrived for rehearsal at the [[Staples Center]], Los Angeles, at around 6:30&nbsp;p.m. According to the magician [[Ed Alonzo]], Jackson jokingly complained of [[laryngitis]] and did not rehearse until 9&nbsp;p.m. "He looked great and had great energy,"<ref name=LATimesRehearsal/> Alonzo said. The rehearsal went past midnight.<ref name=LATimesRehearsal>Lee, Chris, and Ryan, Harriet. [https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-jackson-rehearsal27-2009jun27,0,4699249.story Michael Jackson's last rehearsal: just beaming with gladness] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105022321/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-jackson-rehearsal27-2009jun27,0,4699249.story |date=January 5, 2014 }}, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', June 27, 2009.</ref>

Jackson returned to his home at 100 North Carolwood Drive in the [[Holmby Hills]] neighborhood around 12:30&nbsp;a.m. the following morning and retired to bed one hour later.<ref name="Final Days" /> Jackson had long suffered from insomnia, and had a history of using drugs in an attempt to help him sleep.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nurse details Michael Jackson's fatal search for sleep|last=Duke|first=Alan|agency=CNN|date=August 29, 2013|access-date=June 27, 2022|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/29/showbiz/michael-jackson-death-trial/index.html|archive-date=October 19, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019070718/https://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/29/showbiz/michael-jackson-death-trial/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Jackson's physician [[Conrad Murray]] was present to help Jackson sleep and gave him various drugs including [[diazepam]], [[lorazepam]] and [[midazolam]] while monitoring him by his bedside.<ref name="Final Days" /> After several hours and several drug injections, Jackson was still unable to fall asleep, and, according to Murray, was repeatedly asking him for "milk", a nickname for the powerful surgical general anesthetic [[propofol]], which Jackson had used in the past as a sleep aid. At 10:40&nbsp;a.m., with Jackson still not asleep, Murray relented to his requests and injected him with 25 milligrams of propofol diluted with [[lidocaine]]. With Jackson finally asleep, Murray testified that he left his bedside to go to the bathroom, and after returning two minutes later, discovered that Jackson was not breathing and had a weak pulse.<ref name="Final Days" />

Murray testified that he tried to revive Jackson for around ten minutes by performing [[Cardiopulmonary resuscitation|CPR]] and administering [[flumazenil]], a drug used to counteract [[sedative]] overdose, after which he called for help from staff present in the house.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conrad Murray Trial, Day 4: ER Doc Says Murray Didn't Mention Propofol |author1=Kimberly Potts |author2=Tim Kenneally |work=TheWrap |date=September 30, 2011 |access-date=June 25, 2022 |url=https://www.thewrap.com/conrad-murray-trial-day-4-paramedics-who-tried-revive-mj-scheduled-testify-live-feed-314/ |archive-date=October 18, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221018232552/https://www.thewrap.com/conrad-murray-trial-day-4-paramedics-who-tried-revive-mj-scheduled-testify-live-feed-314/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Statements described Murray using a non-standard CPR technique on Jackson. The recording of the emergency call was released on June 26, one day after Jackson's death, and it described Murray administering CPR on a bed, not on a hard surface such as a floor which would be both standard practice and more effective.<ref name="GumbelJune28">Gumbel, Andrew. [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/jun/28/michael-jackson-doctor-lawyer Michael Jackson doctor hires lawyer as family hires pathologist] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710183746/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/jun/28/michael-jackson-doctor-lawyer |date=July 10, 2022 }}, ''The Guardian'', June 28, 2009.</ref><ref name="Telegraph911">[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/5654048/Michael-Jackson-transcript-of-911-call.html Michael Jackson: transcript of 911 call] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710183746/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/5654048/Michael-Jackson-transcript-of-911-call.html |date=July 10, 2022 }}, ''The Daily Telegraph'', June 26, 2009.</ref> Murray said that he placed one hand underneath Jackson and used the other for chest compression, whereas standard practice is to use both hands for compression.<ref name="PeopleJune29">Lang, Anne, and Jones, Oliver. [http://www.people.com/people/package/article/0,,20287787_20288368,00.html Attorney Defends Michael Jackson's Doctor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120515154540/http://www.people.com/people/package/article/0,,20287787_20288368,00.html |date=May 15, 2012 }}, ''People'', June 29, 2009.</ref><ref name="ChildsSchlief">Childs, Dan; Schlief, Michelle. [https://abcnews.go.com/Health/MichaelJackson/Story?id=7960413&page=1 Could Better CPR Have Saved Michael Jackson?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407202340/https://abcnews.go.com/Health/MichaelJackson/Story?id=7960413&page=1 |date=April 7, 2022 }}, ABC News, June 30, 2009.</ref> Murray controversially did not call 9-1-1; he said that he was hindered because there was no [[landline]] telephone in the house and because he did not know the house's exact address.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Conrad Murray: Michael Jackson 911 Call Would Have Been Neglect |last1=Avila |first1=Jim |last2=Folmer |first2=Kaitlyn |last3=Hopper |first3=Jessica |agency=ABC News |date=October 7, 2011 |access-date=June 25, 2022 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/Conrad_Murray_Trial/conrad-murray-police-interview-michael-jackson-neglected-hed/story?id=14688593 |archive-date=October 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019071902/https://abcnews.go.com/US/Conrad_Murray_Trial/conrad-murray-police-interview-michael-jackson-neglected-hed/story?id=14688593 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="SitRoomJune29">Chernoff, Ed., ''The Situation Room'', CNN, June 29, 2009. [http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0906/29/sitroom.01.html Transcript] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125125020/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0906/29/sitroom.01.html |date=January 25, 2021 }}</ref> It was later discovered that Murray had made several private calls on his cell phone in the hour after discovering Jackson's state which he did not inform law enforcement about.<ref name="Final Days">{{Cite news|title=TIMELINE: Michael Jackson's Final Days|last1=Whitcraft|first1=Teri|last2=Pisarcik|first2=Kristin|last3=Brown|first3=Kimberly|agency=ABC News|date=June 22, 2010|access-date=June 27, 2022|url=https://abcnews.go.com/2020/MichaelJackson/michael-jackson-final-days-timeline-year-death-king/story?id=10974394|archive-date=November 23, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123034921/https://abcnews.go.com/2020/MichaelJackson/michael-jackson-final-days-timeline-year-death-king/story?id=10974394|url-status=live}}</ref> A security guard eventually called 9-1-1 at 12:21&nbsp;p.m., nearly an hour and a half after Jackson was first discovered not breathing. Paramedics reached Jackson at 12:26&nbsp;p.m. and found that he was not breathing and had no pulse.<ref name="LATimesMobileJune25">Blankstein, Andrew, and Willon, Phil. [http://mobile.latimes.com/inf/infomo?view=page8&feed:a=latimes_1min&feed:c=topstories&feed:i=47712153&nopaging=1 Michael Jackson dead at 50] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090923180718/http://mobile.latimes.com/inf/infomo?view=page8&feed:a=latimes_1min&feed:c=topstories&feed:i=47712153&nopaging=1 |date=September 23, 2009 }}, ''Los Angeles Times'', June 25, 2009.</ref><ref name="Rayner">Rayner, Gordon and Singh, Anita. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/5653140/Michael-Jackson-the-final-days-and-how-TMZ.com-scooped-the-world.html Michael Jackson: the final days and how TMZ.com scooped the world] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710183746/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/michael-jackson/5653140/Michael-Jackson-the-final-days-and-how-TMZ.com-scooped-the-world.html |date=July 10, 2022 }}, ''The Daily Telegraph'', June 26, 2009.</ref>

Paramedics performed CPR for 42 minutes at the house.<ref name="BBCRuda">Ruda, Steve. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8120084.stm Paramedic on Jackson 911 call] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407202335/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8120084.stm |date=April 7, 2022 }}, BBC News, June 25, 2009.</ref> Murray's attorney stated that Jackson had a pulse when he was taken out of the house and put in the ambulance.<ref name="PeopleJune29" /> An [[Los Angeles Fire Department]] (LAFD) official gave a different account, stating that paramedics found Jackson in "full [[cardiac arrest]]", and that they did not observe a change in his status en route to the hospital.<ref name="JEMSJune26">Eckstein, Marc. [http://connect.jems.com/forum/topics/michael-jackson-ems-response Michael Jackson EMS Response Details Emerge] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724095117/http://connect.jems.com/forum/topics/michael-jackson-ems-response |date=July 24, 2011 }}, ''JEMS (Journal of Emergency Medical Services)'', June 26, 2009.</ref> LAFD transported him to the [[Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center]].<ref name="LATimesMobileJune25" /> The ambulance arrived at the hospital at approximately 1:14&nbsp;p.m., and a team of medical personnel attempted to resuscitate him for more than an hour. They were unsuccessful, and Jackson was pronounced dead at 2:26&nbsp;p.m. at the age of 50.<ref name="FoxNewsJune26">McGevna, Allison. [http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2009/06/26/tape-released-michael-jackson-autopsy-way/ Tape of 911 Call Released as Michael Jackson Autopsy Under Way] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091107105220/http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2009/06/26/tape-released-michael-jackson-autopsy-way/ |date=November 7, 2009}}, Fox News, June 26, 2009.</ref><ref name="HarveyJune26">Harvey, Michael. [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6580897.ece Fans mourn artist for whom it didn't matter if you were black or white] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531165925/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6580897.ece |date=May 31, 2010 }}, ''[[The Times]]'', June 26, 2009.</ref><ref name="Tourtellotte">Tourtellotte, Bob. [https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE55O6AK20090626 King of Pop Michael Jackson is dead: official] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100216215410/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE55O6AK20090626 |date=February 16, 2010 }}, Reuters, June 25, 2009.</ref>