Council of Chalcedon

== Agenda ==
{{Ecumenical councils of the Catholic Church}}
{{Location map
|Turkey Istanbul|relief=1
|label='''Chalcedon'''
|label_size=100
|lat=40.983333
|long=29.033333
|marksize=9
|position=right
|width=280
|float=right
|caption=Chalcedon marked on a map of the Istanbul region
}}

As recorded by American Christian scholar [[Jaroslav Pelikan]], it was stated:{{blockquote|We all teach harmoniously [that he is] the same perfect in godhead, the same perfect in manhood, truly God and truly man, the same of a reasonable soul and body; [[Homoousion|homoousios]] with the Father in godhead, and the same homoousios with us in manhood ... acknowledged in two natures without confusion, without change, without division, without separation.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Johnston|first=George|date=December 1972|title=Compte rendu / Review of Book: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600) volume 1 of The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine JAROSLAV PELIKAN Chicago: The University of Chicago Press 1971. xxiv, 394|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842987200200314|journal=Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses|volume=2|issue=3|pages=263–264|doi=10.1177/000842987200200314|s2cid=148980104 |issn=0008-4298}}</ref>}}

Whilst this judgment marked a significant turning point in the [[Christological]] debates,<ref>{{cite book|author1=Richard Price|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6IUaOOT1G3UC&pg=PA94|title=The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon|author2=Michael Gaddis|date=2006|isbn=0-85323-039-0|pages=1–5| publisher=Liverpool University Press |access-date=2016-11-01}}</ref> it also generated heated disagreements between the council and the [[Oriental Orthodox]] Church, who did not agree with such conduct or proceedings.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Christianity's Great Schism of 1054 AD|url=https://www.ecumenicalexaminer.com/great_schism.html|access-date=2021-03-29|website=www.ecumenicalexaminer.com}}</ref> This disagreement would later inform the separation of the [[Oriental Orthodox Churches]] from the rest of [[Christianity]], and led to the council being regarded as "''Chalcedon, the Ominous''".<ref name=":3" />

The council's other responsibilities included addressing controversy, dealing with issues such as ecclesiastical discipline and jurisdiction,<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Chalcedon, Council of|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211-2685_eco_c358|access-date=2021-03-29|website=Encyclopedia of Christianity Online|doi=10.1163/2211-2685_eco_c358 }}</ref> and approving [[Creed|Statements of Belief]] such as the [[Creed of Nicaea]] (325), the [[Creed of Constantinople]] (381, subsequently known as the [[Nicene Creed]]), two letters of [[St. Cyril of Alexandria]] against [[Nestorius]], and the [[Leo's Tome|Tome of Pope Leo I]].<ref name=":2" /> The [[Christology]] of the [[Church of the East]] may be called "[[Council of Ephesus|non-Ephesine]]" for not accepting the Council of Ephesus, but did finally gather to ratify the Council of Chalcedon at the Synod of Mar [[Aba I]] in 544.<ref>{{cite book|last=Moffett|first=Samuel H.|title=A History of Christianity in Asia. Volume I: Beginnings to 1500|page=219|publisher=HarperCollins|year=1992}}</ref>{{sfn|Meyendorff|1989|pp=287–289}} Through the 1994 [[Common Christological Declaration Between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East|Common Christological Declaration]] between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East, the Assyrian Church of the East accepted and confessed the same doctrine of Christology as the Catholic Church; it can be considered here that the Assyrian Church of the East accepted the Council of Ephesus.<ref>[https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/speeches/1994/november/documents/hf_jp-ii_spe_19941111_dichiarazione-cristologica.html Common Christological Declaration between the Catholic Church and the Assyrian Church of the East], Preamble, accessed 8 February 2022</ref>