Columbus, Texas

==History==
[[Image:Abram Alley Log Cabin, Columbus, TX IMG 8238.JPG|thumb|Abram Alley Log Cabin (1830s); now used also as Tool Museum in Columbus]]
[[File:Benjamin Beason's Crossing of the Colorado River.jpg|thumb|Park commemorating Benjamin Beason's ferry and where Sam Houston camped during his retreat to San Jacinto where he defeated the Mexican Army]]

The first American settlers arrived in 1821 on what is known as the legendary site of Montezuma's Indian village.<ref name="Hinton">{{cite web | url =https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hgc12 | title =Columbus, Texas | last =Hinton | first =Don Allon | date =2010-06-12 | website=tshaonline.org | publisher =Texas State Historical Association | access-date =2019-12-03}}</ref> In 1822, the Mexican government issued land grants to members of Stephen F. Austin's [[Old Three Hundred]], who included Benjamin Beason (originally spelled "Beeson") and Abram Alley. Alley's 1830s log cabin has been preserved in Columbus and is used as a tool museum. Beason arrived in 1821, received his land grant in 1822, and settled along the Colorado River with his wife Elizabeth "Betsy" and family. By late December 1821, colonists Robert H. Kuykendall with his brother Joseph, and Daniel Gilleland arrived in the area of present-day Columbus. In 1822, Benjamin Beason began operating a ferry across the Colorado River, and the settlement became known as Beason's Ferry or Beason's Crossing. Beason also established a gristmill, gin, and a sawmill; his wife operated a boarding house.<ref>{{Cite web |title=OLDEST - Continuously Occupied Anglo-American Settlement, Columbus, TX - Superlatives on Waymarking.com |url=https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMG0YV_OLDEST_continuously_occupied_Anglo_American_settlement_Columbus_TX |access-date=2022-06-24 |website=www.waymarking.com}}</ref>

Beason's Crossing became part of [[San Felipe, Texas|Austin's San Felipe colony]] in 1822, when the colony was divided into two districts by the Mexican governor José F. Trespalacios. The Mexican government granted the rights to establish a town, and the locals elected town officials. John J. Tumlinson Sr., was elected ''[[alcalde]]'', with Robert Kuykendall captain and Moses Morrison lieutenant. Tumlinson's land adjoined Beason's; together, they made up much of the site of present-day Columbus. Tumlinson was killed by Native Americans in 1823. In 1834, after the Tumlinson children inherited the estate, they sold land to William Dewees, who was married to Beason's daughter, Lydia. Dewees' land grant was near the site of present-day [[Glidden, Texas]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}

By 1836, Beason's Ferry Crossing was home to over 25 families. During the fight for Texas independence, [[Sam Houston]] and his men camped along the banks of the Colorado River near Beason's Crossing. Following the [[Battle of the Alamo]], [[Antonio López de Santa Anna|Santa Anna]]'s army headed for [[Battle of San Jacinto|San Jacinto]], and Houston ordered that Beason's Crossing be burned during the [[Runaway Scrape]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}

Columbus was established by European Americans in 1837 after Texas achieved independence from Mexico.<ref name= "Hinton"/> After the population returned following warfare, residents renamed Beason's Crossing "Columbus". Some speculate that it was named in honor of residents who migrated from [[Columbus, Ohio]], while others believe the town was named after [[Christopher Columbus]], who explored on behalf of Spain in the late 15th century.

The town of Columbus was platted again in 1837. The Dewees family gave land for a new school and possibly a courthouse. By 1837, the town had been re-established with two public houses, two stores, and half a dozen small dwellings.<ref name= "Hinton"/>

It was later named the seat of Colorado County, and had developed as a center of business and trade for surrounding areas. Cattle ranching was big business by the late 19th century. Some merchants and ranchers did very well, and built fine houses in the city, such as the house built by Robert E. Stafford. He supported the Stafford Opera House, now serving also as a museum, event, and performance space. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it attracted touring performers and lecturers. Other notable historic homes operated today as museums are the Dilue Rose Harris House Museum, and Tate-Senftenburg-Brandon House Museum.<ref name="trust"/> The Tate-Senftenburg-Brandon House, formerly owned by the Columbus Historical Preservation Trust, Inc., was sold to private owners in 2017 and is no longer operated as a museum but is being further restored and maintains its historic character. {{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}

The [[Colorado County Courthouse]] was built in 1890, the fourth such structure in the city. It was designed in the [[Neoclassical architecture|Classical Revival]] and [[Italianate architecture|Italianate style]]s of architecture by noted [[Houston]] architect [[Eugene T. Heiner]]. He designed at least nine other Texas courthouses. The bell tower was damaged in a 1909 storm. The dome was added before 1939. It is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]]. In 2013–2014, the courthouse was being renovated and upgraded for current uses; the project included restoration of historic exterior colors.{{Citation needed|date=December 2019}}