Charismatic movement

==History==
{{See also|History of Pentecostalism|Charismatic Christianity#History}}
The classic [[Pentecostalism]] movement usually traces its origin to the early twentieth century, with the ministry of [[Charles Fox Parham|Charles F. Parham]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Reid |last2=Linder |last3=Shelley |last4=Stout |year=1990 |title=Dictionary of Christianity in America |publisher=InterVarsity Press |isbn=0-8308-1776-X |pages=241–242}}</ref> and the subsequent ministry of [[William J. Seymour|William Joseph Seymour]] and the [[Azusa Street Revival]].<ref>Robeck, Cecil M. (2006) ''The Azusa Street Mission And Revival: The Birth Of The Global Pentecostal Movement'', Thomas Nelson. {{ISBN|9780785216933}} pgs. 2, 12</ref> Its unique doctrine involved a dramatic encounter with [[God in Christianity|God]], termed [[baptism with the Holy Spirit]]. The evidence for having received this experience was interpreted by some as [[glossolalia|speaking in tongues]].<ref>Michael G. Moriarty (1992) ''The New Charismatics'', Zondervan Publishing House. {{ISBN|978-0-310-53431-0}} pgs. 20,70</ref>

Before 1955 the religious mainstream did not embrace Pentecostal doctrines. If a church member or clergyman openly expressed such views, they would (either voluntarily or involuntarily) separate from their existing denomination. However, by the 1960s many of the characteristic teachings were gaining acceptance among Christians within mainline Protestant denominations.{{Sfn | Reid | Linder | Shelley | Stout | 1990 | pp = 241-242}} The charismatic movement represented a reversal of this previous pattern as those influenced by Pentecostal spirituality chose to remain in their original denominations.{{Sfn | Menzies | Menzies | 2000 | pp = 38–39}} The popularization and broader acceptance of charismatic teachings as well as ideas are linked to the [[Healing Revival]] that occurred from 1946 to 1958. The revivalists of the time, including [[William Branham]], [[Oral Roberts]], and [[A. A. Allen]], held large interdenominational meetings which emphasized the gifts of the spirit. This global revival led to greater awareness and acceptance of Pentecostal teachings and practices.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moriarty |first=Michael |title=The New Charismatics |publisher=Zondervan |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-310-53431-0 |pages=40–51}}</ref>

The [[high church]] wing of the American [[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] became the first traditional ecclesiastical organization to feel the impact of the new movement internally. The beginning of the charismatic movement is usually dated to Sunday, April 3, 1960, when [[Dennis Bennett (priest)|Dennis J. Bennett]], rector of St Mark's Episcopal Church in [[Van Nuys, California]] recounted his Pentecostal experience to his parish, doing it again on the next two Sundays, including Easter (April 17), during which many of his congregation shared his experience, causing him to be forced to resign.<ref> Bill J. Leonard, Jill Y. Crainshaw, ''Encyclopedia of Religious Controversies in the United States, Volume 1'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2013, p. 165</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DENNIS BENNETT BIOGRAPHY |url=http://www.emotionallyfree.org/DBbio.html |access-date=January 16, 2018 |website=emotionallyfree.org |archive-date=October 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111011211731/http://www.emotionallyfree.org/DBbio.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The resulting controversy and press coverage spread an awareness of the emerging charismatic movement. The movement grew to embrace other mainline churches, where clergy began receiving and publicly announcing their Pentecostal experiences. These clergy began holding meetings for seekers and healing [[Church service|services]] which included praying over and [[anointing of the sick]]. The charismatic movement reached [[Lutheran]]s and [[Presbyterian]]s in 1962.<ref name="Suenens1978">{{Cite book |last=Suenens |first=Leo Joseph |author-link=Leo Joseph Suenens |title=Ecumenism and Charismatic Renewal: Theological and Pastoral Orientations |date=1978 |publisher=Servant Books |page=21}}</ref> The [[Catholic Charismatic Renewal]] began in 1967 at [[Duquesne University]] in [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]].{{Sfn | Menzies | Menzies | 2000 | pp = 38–41}}<ref name="Csordas2021">{{Cite book |last=Csordas |first=Thomas J. |title=Language, Charisma, and Creativity: The Ritual Life of a Religious Movement |date=January 8, 2021 |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |isbn=978-0-520-36602-2 |page=272}}</ref> Methodists became involved in the charismatic movement in the 1970s.<ref name="AbrahamKirby2009">{{Cite book |last1=Abraham |first1=William J. |title=The Oxford Handbook of Methodist Studies |last2=Kirby |first2=James E. |date=September 24, 2009 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-160743-1 |page=289}}</ref>

The charismatic movement led to the founding of many covenant communities, such as [[Sword of the Spirit]] and [[Word of God (community)|Word of God]], that are a force of [[ecumenism]] in that they have members from many major Christian denominations, such as Catholics, Lutherans, Anglicans, Reformed and Methodists, who live and pray together.<ref name="Synan2012">{{Cite book |last=Synan |first=Vinson |title=The Century of the Holy Spirit: 100 Years of Pentecostal and Charismatic Renewal, 1901-2001 |date=January 30, 2012 |publisher=Thomas Nelson |isbn=978-1-4185-8753-6 |quote=The Word of God community in Ann Arbor, Michigan, had pioneered a model for denominational fellowships within an ecumenical covenant community, forming Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed, and nondenominational fellowships.}}</ref><ref name="Brown2011">{{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Candy Gunther |title=Global Pentecostal and Charismatic Healing |date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-539340-8 |page=332}}</ref><ref name="Lewis1995">{{Cite book |last=Lewis |first=Jeanne Gerlach |title=Headship and Hierarchy |date=1995 |publisher=University of Michigan |page=1 |quote=The Word of God is an ecumenical Christian charismatic community the majority of whose members live in Ann Arbor, Michigan ... the group was particularly influential within that part of the movement devoted to the creation of covenant communities, highly organized, tightly disciplined groups whose members are committed to live, pray, and work together on a daily basis}}</ref>

Despite the fact that Pentecostals currently tend to share more in common with [[Evangelicalism|evangelicals]] than with either Roman Catholics or non-evangelical wings of the church,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kay |first=William K |date=2004 |title=Pentecostals and the Bible |url=https://glyndwr.repository.guildhe.ac.uk/365/1/fulltext.pdf |journal=Journal of the European Pentecostal Theological Association |issue=1 |page=2 |access-date=December 4, 2019 |quote=Pentecostalism emerged out of the matrix of holiness and revivalist culture within the United States. In Britain its emergence was related to the evangelical edge of the church, whether this was established (Anglican) or nonconformist (for instance, the Salvation Army), though there were also elements of Keswick holiness adding to the acceptability of an experience rich religious movement. |archive-date=December 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204102919/https://glyndwr.repository.guildhe.ac.uk/365/1/fulltext.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> the charismatic movement was not initially influential among evangelical churches. [[C. Peter Wagner]] traces the spread of the charismatic movement within evangelicalism to around 1985. He termed this movement the [[Third Wave of the Holy Spirit]].{{Sfn | Menzies | Menzies | 2000 | pp = 43–44}} The Third Wave has expressed itself through the formation of churches and denomination-like organizations. These groups are referred to as [[Neo-charismatic movement|"neo-charismatic"]] and are distinct from the charismatic movement of the historic Christian Churches.<ref name="NIDPCM">{{Citation |title=[[The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements]] |pages=286–87 |year=2002 |editor-last=Burgess |editor-first=Stanley M |contribution=Neocharismatics |place=Grand Rapids |publisher=Zondervan |editor2-last=van der Maas |editor2-first=Eduard M}}.</ref> The [[Vineyard Movement]] and the [[British New Church Movement]] exemplify Third Wave or neo-charismatic organizations.